BACKGROUND: Androgen-receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) significantly improve survival in systemic therapy for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients; however possible central nervous system (CNS) toxicity is an unaddressed concern. We aimed to assess and compare the incidence of CNS-related adverse events (AEs) secondary to the treatment of PCa patients with different ARSIs. MATERIALS: In August 2023, a comprehensive seach was conducted in three databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PCa patients receiving ARSIs plus ADT. The primary endpoints included mental impairment, cognitive impairment, seizure, fatigue, and falls. RESULTS: Twenty-six RCTs, comprising 20,328 patients, were included in meta-analyses and network meta-analyses (NMAs). ARSIs increased the risk of mental impairment (RR: 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09-2.71), cognitive impairment (RR: 2.25; 95% CI, 1.78-2.86), seizure (RR: 2.20, 95% CI, 1.09-4.45), fatigue (RR: 1.31, 95% CI, 1.20-1.43), and falls (RR: 2.07, 95% CI, 1.60-2.67) compared to standard of care (SOC). Based on NMAs, Enzalutamide showed a significant increase in risk for all assessed CNS-related AEs, while Abiraterone demonstrated significant risk increases in cognitive impairment, fatigue, and falls. Conversely, Darolutamide did not exhibit significant increases in risk for any CNS-related AEs, except for fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of ARSIs to ADT increased all examined CNS-related AEs compared to SOC. Each ARSI is associated with a distinct profile of CNS-related AEs. Careful patient selection and monitoring for CNS sequelae is necessary to achieve the best quality of life in patients on ARSI + ADT for PCa.

• MeSH
• Androgen Receptor Antagonists * adverse effects   administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Benzamides MeSH
• Phenylthiohydantoin adverse effects   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms * drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Diseases chemically induced   MeSH
• Nitriles MeSH
• Pyrazoles MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Network Meta-Analysis as Topic * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

In 2019, Pantoea piersonii was initially isolated from the interior surfaces of the International Space Station. This microorganism is a species within the genus Pantoea in the family Erwiniaceae, belonging to the order Enterobacterales. Recent literature has documented four cases of its isolation. Despite initial predictions suggesting the non-pathogenicity of P. piersonii strains, evidence from observed cases indicates potential pathogenicity. According to documented evidence in the literature, this microorganism is capable of causing severe and life-threatening conditions, including sepsis. Traditional tests, as well as automated systems, may fail to provide complete differentiation due to these similarities. While MALDI-TOF MS is a valuable tool for identification in clinical diagnostic microbiology, sequencing may be necessary for precise identification. To determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile, various methods can be utilized, including minimum inhibitory concentration determination, disk diffusion testing (Kirby-Bauer test), genotypic resistance assays (PCR and sequencing), and automated systems. The literature reports a limited number of cases associating P. piersonii with human infection. This study contributes to this body of knowledge by reporting a novel case in which P. piersonii was isolated from a tissue sample for the first time. In this case report, the patient achieved recovery following the administration of appropriate antibiotic treatment based on the diagnosis. It underscores the need for precise identification and understanding of its pathogenicity.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents * pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae Infections * microbiology   diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests * MeSH
• Pantoea * isolation & purification   genetics   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

Patients with testicular lymphoma are at an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Optimal strategy for CNS relapse prevention is unknown. We analyzed treatment strategies, cumulative incidence of CNS relapse and prognosis in 229 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and testicular involvement: 157 primary testicular lymphomas (PTL) in clinical stages IE/IIE and 72 patients in advanced stages (T-DLBCL) IIIE/IV. Treatments for PTL vs. T-DLBCL included: rituximab-based chemotherapy (80.9% vs. 90.3%), orchiectomy (94.3% vs. 65.3%) and contralateral testicular irradiation (59.8% vs. 44.4%). Majority (84.3%) received CNS prophylaxis with similar rates of prophylactic methotrexate (intravenous 19.1% vs. 16.6%, intrathecal 40.8% vs. 40.4%, or both 24.2% vs. 27.8%) between PTL and T-DLBCL (p = 0.89). Median follow-up was 51.8 months. CNS relapses occurred in 14 (6.1%) of 63 relapsing patients. The 5-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse in PTL was 4.5% and in T-DLBCL 12.1%. Median time to CNS relapse was 21.9 months. In univariate analyses, orchiectomy was the single significant factor associated with lower risk of CNS relapse in PTL (HR = 0.11 [95% CI, 0-0.124], p = 0.001). Rituximab significantly reduced CNS relapse risk in T-DLBCL (HR = 0.1002, p = 0.0005). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) following CNS relapse was dismal in T-DLBCL compared to PTL (PFS 1.6 vs. 37.8 months, p = 0.04 and OS 2.3 vs. 37.8 months, p = 0.05). This study confirmed a favorable impact of rituximab in prevention of CNS relapse in T-DLBCL. Methotrexate prophylaxis did not alter CNS relapse risk. Prognosis of CNS relapse is particularly poor in T-DLBCL.

• MeSH
• Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse * therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methotrexate therapeutic use   MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Central Nervous System Neoplasms * therapy   epidemiology   prevention & control   mortality   MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Orchiectomy MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Rituximab * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Testicular Neoplasms * therapy   pathology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare and severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). While the exact disease mechanism remains unknown, previous studies suggest that mutant GFAP influences many cellular processes, including cytoskeleton stability, mechanosensing, metabolism, and proteasome function. While most studies have primarily focused on GFAP-expressing astrocytes, GFAP is also expressed by radial glia and neural progenitor cells, prompting questions about the impact of GFAP mutations on central nervous system (CNS) development. In this study, we observed impaired differentiation of astrocytes and neurons in co-cultures of astrocytes and neurons, as well as in neural organoids, both generated from AxD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with a GFAPR239C mutation. Leveraging single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identified distinct cell populations and transcriptomic differences between the mutant GFAP cultures and a corrected isogenic control. These findings were supported by results obtained with immunocytochemistry and proteomics. In co-cultures, the GFAPR239C mutation resulted in an increased abundance of immature cells, while in unguided neural organoids and cortical organoids, we observed altered lineage commitment and reduced abundance of astrocytes. Gene expression analysis revealed increased stress susceptibility, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and altered extracellular matrix and cell-cell communication patterns in the AxD cultures, which also exhibited higher cell death after stress. Overall, our results point to altered cell differentiation in AxD patient-derived iPS-cell models, opening new avenues for AxD research.

• MeSH
• Alexander Disease * genetics   pathology   metabolism   MeSH
• Astrocytes * metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Cell Differentiation * physiology   MeSH
• Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein * metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells * metabolism   MeSH
• Coculture Techniques MeSH
• Cells, Cultured MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Neural Stem Cells metabolism   MeSH
• Neurons metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Organoids metabolism   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Early-life antibiotic exposure is disproportionately high compared to the burden of culture-proven early-onset sepsis (CP-EOS). We assessed the contribution of culture-negative cases to the overall antibiotic exposure in the first postnatal week. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis across eleven countries in Europe, North America, and Australia. All late-preterm and term infants born between 2014 and 2018 who received intravenous antibiotics during the first postnatal week were classified as culture-negative cases treated for ≥5 days (CN ≥ 5d), culture-negative cases treated for <5 days (CN < 5d), or CP-EOS cases. RESULTS: Out of 757,979 infants, 21,703 (2.9%) received intravenous antibiotics. The number of infants classified as CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 7996 (37%), 13,330 (61%), and 375 (1.7%). The incidence of CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 10.6 (95% CI 10.3-10.8), 17.6 (95% CI 17.3-17.9), and 0.49 (95% CI 0.44-0.54) cases per 1000 livebirths. The median (IQR) number of antibiotic days administered for CN ≥ 5d, CN < 5d, and CP-EOS was 77 (77-78), 53 (52-53), and 5 (5-5) per 1000 livebirths. CONCLUSIONS: CN ≥ 5d substantially contributed to the overall antibiotic exposure, and was 21-fold more frequent than CP-EOS. Antimicrobial stewardship programs should focus on shortening antibiotic treatment for culture-negative cases. IMPACT: In a study of 757,979 infants born in high-income countries, we report a presumed culture-negative early-onset sepsis incidence of 10.6/1000 livebirths with an associated antibiotic exposure of 77 antibiotic days per 1000 livebirths. This study sheds light on the major contribution of presumed culture-negative early-onset sepsis to early-life antibiotic exposure. Given the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding culture-negative early-onset sepsis, the low mortality rate, and the disproportionate antibiotic exposure associated with this condition, our study emphasizes the importance of targeting culture-negative early-onset sepsis in antimicrobial stewardship programs.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents * therapeutic use   administration & dosage   MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Premature MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Neonatal Sepsis * drug therapy   diagnosis   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Sepsis * drug therapy   epidemiology   diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Australia MeSH
• Europe MeSH
• North America MeSH

PURPOSE: This study aims to comprehensively delineate the phenotypic spectrum of ACTL6B-related disorders, previously associated with both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders. Molecularly, the role of the nucleolar protein ACTL6B in contributing to the disease has remained unclear. METHODS: We identified 105 affected individuals, including 39 previously reported cases, and systematically analyzed detailed clinical and genetic data for all individuals. Additionally, we conducted knockdown experiments in neuronal cells to investigate the role of ACTL6B in ribosome biogenesis. RESULTS: Biallelic variants in ACTL6B are associated with severe-to-profound global developmental delay/intellectual disability, infantile intractable seizures, absent speech, autistic features, dystonia, and increased lethality. De novo monoallelic variants result in moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability, absent speech, and autistic features, whereas seizures and dystonia were less frequently observed. Dysmorphic facial features and brain abnormalities, including hypoplastic corpus callosum, and parenchymal volume loss/atrophy, are common findings in both groups. We reveal that in the nucleolus, ACTL6B plays a crucial role in ribosome biogenesis, particularly in pre-rRNA processing. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the clinical spectrum of both autosomal recessive and dominant forms of ACTL6B-associated disorders. It offers a comparative analysis of their respective phenotypes provides a plausible molecular explanation and suggests their inclusion within the expanding category of "ribosomopathies."

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Genes, Dominant MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Genes, Recessive MeSH
• Nuclear Proteins * genetics   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Intellectual Disability genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Brain pathology   MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Brain Diseases * genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders * genetics   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Developmental Disabilities * genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Tirzepatid je duální agonista receptorů (RA) pro GLP-1 (glukagonu podobný peptid-1) a GIP (glukózo-dependentní inzulinotropní polypeptid), který je již využíván v klinické praxi jako antiobezitikum a antidiabetikum. Je velmi nadějný pro pa cien ty s diabetem 2. typu a pro pacien ty s obezitou a nadváhou. Jeho efekt na pokles hmotnosti je silnější než u dosud používaných GLP-1 RA. Aplikuje se injekčně subkutánně a v malé míře (v závislosti na dávce) se mohou objevit většinou přechodné nežádoucí gastrointestinální účinky, podobně jako u dosud známých GLP-1 RA. Dosavadní zkušenosti jsou velmi dobré, problémem je zatím vysoká cena léku.

Tirzepatide is a dual receptor agonist (RA) for GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) that is already used in clinical practice as an antiobesity and antidiabetic agent. It is very promising for patients with type 2 diabetes and for obese and overweight patients. Its effect on weight loss is stronger than that of the GLP-1 RA used so far. It is injected subcutaneously, and mostly transient gastrointestinal side effects may occur to a small extent (dose-dependent), similar to the previously known GLP-1 RA. The experience so far is very good, the problem so far is the high price of the drug.

Publikace se zaměřuje na různé nemoci a na jejich diagnostiku a také vyvrací zastaralé informace a mýty v lékařství. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Převezměte kontrolu nad svým zdravím. Odhalte tradované lži a omyly současné medicíny, seznamte se s nejnovějšími poznatky, které vám umožní vést zdravější život a vyhnout se polykání hrstí léků. Dr. Robert Lufkin, odborník na metabolické zdraví, vysvětluje, že metabolické poruchy bývají základní, dlouhodobě přehlíženou příčinou většiny chronických onemocnění, jako je vysoký krevní tlak, cukrovka či obezita. Kniha čtenáři pomůže odhalit rizikové faktory a zlepšit svou stravu a životní styl tak, aby řešil příčinu, nikoliv pouze následky. Ve 12 kapitolách popisuje strategie, jak: identifikovat rizikové faktory, jako je zánět a inzulínová rezistence posílit duševní zdraví prostřednictvím výživy a životního stylu zlepšit stravu a metabolismus přistupovat k obezitě, cukrovce, hypertenzi a dalším chronickým onemocněním zbavit se zbytečných léků včetně mnoha léků na cukrovku a hypertenzi. Dr. Robert Lufkin, odborník na metabolické zdraví a dlouhověkost, vyučoval na lékařských fakultách Kalifornské univerzity v Los Angeles (University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA) a Jihokalifornské univerzity (University of Southern California, USC) tamtéž. Je autorem více než dvou set recenzovaných vědeckých prací a třinácti knih, dále autorem a moderátorem podcastu Health Longevity Secrets (Tajemství zdravé dlouhověkosti), který má statisíce posluchačů. Život doktora Lufkina se navždy změnil, když mu diagnostikovali řadu zdravotních problémů, které by ve svém věku neměl mít. Začal pátrat v nejnovějších vědeckých poznatcích a znalosti, jichž postupně nabyl, tvoří základ této jeho převratné knihy. Jde o strhující přehled dezinformací o metabolismu v medicíně západního světa a vysvětlení, jak tyto lži vedly k úmrtí milionů lidí. Zpřístupnit text čtenářům doktoru Lufkinovi pomáhal Joshua Lisec, ghostwriter (stínový autor), který do svých třiceti let takto napsal více než sedmdesát knih, včetně mezinárodních bestsellerů a knih ověnčených cenami.

• MeSH
• Chronic Disease MeSH
• Diagnosis MeSH
• Metabolic Diseases MeSH
• Primary Prevention MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH
• Popular Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• preventivní medicína

Farmakogenetické (PGx) vyšetření představuje slibný nástroj pro optimalizaci psychiatrické farmakoterapie. Svým potenciálem může přispět ke zvýšení její účinnosti a snížení rizika vzniku nežádoucích účinků. Ekonomická limitace v podobě vyšší ceny vyšetření vyžaduje cílenější výběr pacientů, tento přístup však v praxi zatím chybí. Za tím účelem byl klinickými farmaceutkami v Psychiatrické nemocnici Bohnice vyvinut skórovací systém CYPRI (CYP pharmacogenetic risk score) identifikující pacienty, kteří by mohli mít z PGx vyšetření největší prospěch. Cílem pilotní studie bylo pak zhodnotit účinnost a efektivitu skórovacího systému CYPRI při výběru pacientů pro PGx vyšetření v kontextu následně uskutečněných a klinicky významných změn v jejich medikaci. Do pilotní studie, která probíhala mezi lednem 2024 a březnem 2025, bylo zařazeno 23 pacientů (průměrný věk 38 let, 74 % mužů). Vzorek zahrnoval hospitalizované pacienty s širokým spektrem psychiatrických diagnóz, včetně schizofrenie, bipolární a schizoafektivní poruchy, deprese i úzkostných poruch. Pacienti, u kterých bylo PGx indikováno lékařem a/nebo klinickým farmaceutem a kteří v CYPRI skórovali alespoň jedním bodem, podstoupili po souhlasu PGx vyšetření. Následně u nich byla provedena analýza dopadu výsledku tohoto vyšetření na úpravy v medikaci. Byla zjištěna statisticky významná korelace (t = 2,733; p = 0,0063) mezi hodnotami CYPRI skóre a následnými klinicky významnými změnami v medikaci. Pacienti s vysokým CYPRI skóre (> 3) také vyžadovali statisticky významně více úprav medikace a monitorace než pacienti s nízkým skóre (≤ 3) (p < 0,05). Tyto výsledky potvrzují, že CYPRI skóre by mohlo v budoucnu sloužit jako strukturovaný a nákladově efektivní nástroj pro výběr vhodných kandidátů na PGx vyšetření, zejména v oboru psychiatrie. Širší použití CYPRI skóre v praxi prozatím limituje, i přes slibné výsledky z pilotní studie, relativně malá velikost vzorku. Pro potvrzení těchto výstupů je zapotřebí další výzkum na větších kohortách.

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing is a promising tool for optimizing psychiatric pharmacotherapy by improving its effectiveness and reducing the risk of adverse effects. However, its higher cost necessitates a more selective approach to patient screening, which is currently lacking in clinical practice. To address this gap, clinical pharmacists at Bohnice Psychiatric Hospital developed a CYPRI (CYP Pharmacogenetic Risk Score) scoring system to identify patients who would benefit the most from PGx testing. This pilot study aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the CYPRI scoring system in selecting patients for PGx testing, focusing on clinically significant medication adjustments that followed. Our study was conducted from January 2024 to March 2025 and included 23 hospitalized patients (mean age: 38 years; 74% male) with a range of psychiatric diagnoses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, depression, and anxiety disorders. Pharmacogenetic testing was offered to patients following an initial indication by a psychiatrist and/or clinical pharmacist, provided they scored at least one point on the CYPRI scale. Upon providing an informed consent, they underwent the PGx testing. The resulting impact on medication adjustments was analyzed. A statistically significant correlation was found between the CYPRI scores and clinically significant medication changes (t = 2.733; p = 0.0063). Additionally, patients with high CYPRI scores (> 3) required significantly more medication adjustments and monitoring than those with low scores (≤ 3) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the CYPRI score could serve as a structured and cost-effective tool for identifying suitable candidates for PGx testing, especially in psychiatry. Despite these promising results, the relatively small sample size remains a limitation for the broader implementation of the CYPRI score. Further research with larger cohorts is needed to validate these findings.

Moderní medicína disponuje silnými nástroji k záchraně a udržení života. Přesto je každý lidský život konečný, a ne vždy je udržování života za každou cenu přijatelné ve smyslu zajištění jeho přijatelné kvality. Obecně uznávaným pravidlem ve společnosti je, že by žádný zdravotník neměl rozhodovat o životě a smrti pacienta. Navzdory tomu jsou ale zdravotníci často ve svém rozhodování postaveni do situací, kdy jejich postoj o životě rozhoduje, byť je to v kategorii zachránit, či nechat zemřít, nebo v aplikaci léků na tlumení bolesti či neklidu vysoko převyšující dávkovací limity uvedené v SPC, nebo dokonce při vysazování život udržující orgánové podpory. Jde o závažná rozhodnutí, pro něž zdravotníci potřebují pravidla a návody, které obecně zpracovává etika a v praxi jsou determinovány právními předpisy a morálními principy konkrétní společnosti. Jedním z pomáhajících etických pravidel je úcta k životu, jejímž praktickým vyjádřením v naší společnosti jsou i pravidla pro nezahajování kardiopulmonální resuscitace, omezování zdravotní péče v situaci nepomáhající léčby, přijetí paliativní péče, postoj k eutanazii a respektování dříve vyslovených přání pacienta. Z pohledu úcty k životu zaujímá článek přístup k těmto medicínským postupům s cílem povzbudit vzdělání a diskusi k etickým tématům, která mají stejný význam pro úroveň kvality zdravotnictví jako odborná úroveň aplikace nových vědeckých poznatků. Orientace v etických principech zdravotnictví se týká všech občanů společnosti, tedy nejen zdravotníků. Řada stížností v situacích zdravotní péče vyplývá z nedostatků v aplikaci morálních principů, a to na straně zdravotníků, pacientů a často též pacientovi blízkých osob. Stejně tak různé patologické psychické stavy u zdravotníků ve škále od přecitlivělého úzkostného jednání až po bezcitnost a cynismus mají původ v nezvládnutí etických principů. Odpovědnost za život je vztahována ke konkrétní osobě a společnosti, v náboženském prostředí též k nadpřirozené autoritě. Individuální život je vnímán v celistvosti vlastní i v začlenění do konkrétní společenské skupiny. Eutanazie, dystanazie a marná léčba jsou hodnoceny jako negativní jevy v chápání úcty k životu.

Modern medicine has powerful tools to save and sustain life. Nevertheless, every human life is finite, and maintaining life at any cost is not always acceptable in the sense of ensuring its acceptable quality. It is a generally accepted rule in society that no health care professional should decide the life and death of a patient. Despite this, however, in their decision-making, medical professionals are often put in situations where their attitude decides about life, even if it is in the category of saving or letting die, or in the application of drugs to reduce pain or restlessness that greatly exceed the dosage limits specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics, or even when withdrawing life-sustaining organ support. These are serious decisions for which health professionals need rules and instructions, which are generally processed by ethics and in practice are determined by legal regulations and moral principles of a particular society. One of the helping ethical rules is respect for life, the practical expression of which in our society are also the rules for not starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation, limiting health care in a situation of non-helpful treatment, accepting palliative care, the attitude towards euthanasia and respecting the previously expressed wishes of the patient. From the point of view of respect for life, the article takes an approach to these medical procedures with the aim of encouraging education and discussion on ethical topics that are as important to the level of quality of health care as the professional level of the application of new scientific knowledge. Orientation in the ethical principles of health care concerns all citizens of society, i.e. not only health professionals. Anumber of complaints in health care situations result from shortcomings in the application of moral principles, on the part of health professionals, patients and often also patients ́ relatives. In the same way, various psychological pathological conditions in health professionals ranging from oversensitive, anxious actions to callousness and cynicism have their origin in failure to master ethical principles. Responsibility for life is related to a specific person and society, in a religious environment also to a supernatural authority. Individual life is perceived both in its own integrity and in its integration into a specific social group. Euthanasia, distanasia and futile treatment are evaluated as negative phenomena in the understanding of respect for life.