• MeSH
• adenosindifosfát MeSH
• buněčná membrána MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
• fibrinolytika MeSH
• hemostáza MeSH
• trombóza MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• exony genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * genetika   MeSH
• genetické markery genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• GTP-fosfohydrolasy genetika   chemie   MeSH
• kodon MeSH
• kosterní svaly inervace   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• mutace * genetika   MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nemoci periferního nervového systému genetika   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• nervus suralis patologie   MeSH
• periferní nervy patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP MeSH
• spastická paraplegie dědičná * genetika   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• svalová atrofie genetika   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• svalová slabost genetika   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů genetika   MeSH
• Wallerova degenerace genetika   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Clopidogrel,
• MeSH
• abciximab MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Aspirin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• koronární bypass metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• tiklopidin analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Maize is the highest yielding cereal crop grown worldwide for grain or silage. Here, we show that modulating the expression of the maize PLASTOCHRON1 (ZmPLA1) gene, encoding a cytochrome P450 (CYP78A1), results in increased organ growth, seedling vigour, stover biomass and seed yield. The engineered trait is robust as it improves yield in an inbred as well as in a panel of hybrids, at several locations and over multiple seasons in the field. Transcriptome studies, hormone measurements and the expression of the auxin responsive DR5rev:mRFPer marker suggest that PLA1 may function through an increase in auxin. Detailed analysis of growth over time demonstrates that PLA1 stimulates the duration of leaf elongation by maintaining dividing cells in a proliferative, undifferentiated state for a longer period of time. The prolonged duration of growth also compensates for growth rate reduction caused by abiotic stresses.

• MeSH
• biomasa * MeSH
• buněčné dělení genetika   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
• kukuřice setá genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   MeSH
• semena rostlinná genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• semenáček růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) project includes 600 men and women from Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands, and Norway, who had given serum and 24-hour urine samples, and completed 24-hour dietary recall (24-HDR) interviews. Consumption, according to 24-HDR, was matched against the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) databases of mycotoxin contaminations, via the FoodEx1 standard classifications, producing an indirect external estimate of dietary mycotoxin exposure. Direct, internal measurements of dietary mycotoxin exposure were made in serum and urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. For the first time, mycotoxin exposures were thoroughly compared between two 24-HDRs, and two 24-hour urine samples collected during the same days covered by the 24-HDRs. These measurements were compared to a single-time point serum measurement to investigate evidence of chronic mycotoxin exposure. According to 24-HDR data, all 600 individuals were exposed to between 4 and 34 mycotoxins, whereof 10 found to exceed the tolerable daily intake. Correlations were observed between two time points, and significant correlations were observed between concentrations in serum and urine. However, only acetyldeoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, and sterigmatocystin were found to have significant positive correlations between 24-HDR exposures and serum, while aflatoxin G1 and G2, HT-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol were associated between concurrent 24-HDR and 24-hour urine. Substantial agreements on quantitative levels between serum and urine were observed for the groups Type B Trichothecenes and Zearalenone. Further research is required to bridge the interpretation of external and internal exposure estimates of the individual on a time scale of hours. Additionally, metabolomic profiling of dietary mycotoxin exposures could help with a comprehensive assessment of single time-point exposures, but also with the identification of chronic exposure biomarkers. Such detailed characterization informs population exposure assessments, and aids in the interpretation of epidemiological health outcomes related to multi-mycotoxin exposure.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykotoxiny * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Belgie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Francie MeSH
• Nizozemsko MeSH
• Norsko MeSH

Aims: Among patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), those with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at particularly high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events and premature death. We aimed to provide a descriptive overview of unadjusted analyses of patient characteristics, ACS management, and outcomes up to 1 year after hospital admission for an ACS/index-ACS event, in patients with DM in contemporary registries in Europe. Methods and results: A total of 10 registries provided data in a systematic manner on ACS patients with DM (total n =28 899), and without DM (total n= 97 505). In the DM population, the proportion of patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) ranged from 22.1% to 64.6% (other patients had non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI-ACS) or unstable angina). All-cause mortality in the registries ranged from 1.4% to 9.4% in-hospital; 2.8% to 7.9% at 30 days post-discharge; 5.1% to 10.7% at 180 days post-discharge; and 3.3% to 10.5% at 1 year post-discharge. Major bleeding events were reported in up to 3.8% of patients while in hospital (8 registries); up to 1.3% at 30 days (data from two registries only), and 2.0% at 1 year (one registry only). Registries differed substantially in terms of study setting, site, patient selection, definition and schedule of endpoints, and use of various P2Y12 inhibitors. In most, but not all, registries, event rates in DM patients were higher than in patients without DM. Pooled risk ratios comparing cohorts with DM vs. no DM were in-hospital significantly higher in DM for all-cause death (1.66; 95% CI 1.42-1.94), for cardiovascular death (2.33; 1.78 - 3.03), and for major bleeding (1.35; 1.21-1.52). Conclusion: These registry data from real-life clinical practice confirm a high risk for recurrent events among DM patients with ACS, with great variation across the different registries.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom diagnóza   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu diagnóza   epidemiologie   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu diagnóza   epidemiologie   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• infarkt myokardu bez ST elevací diagnóza   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků diagnóza   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky   mortalita   MeSH
• koronární bypass * škodlivé účinky   mortalita   MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
• nestabilní angina pectoris diagnóza   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH

AIMS: Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is present in about 60-70% of patients admitted with acute coronary syndromes in clinical practice. This study provides a 'real-life' overview of NSTE-ACS patient characteristics, dual antiplatelet therapy clinical practice, and outcomes at both the time of discharge from hospital and up to 1-year post-discharge. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 10 registries (documenting 84 054 NSTE-ACS patients) provided data in a systematic manner on patient characteristics and outcomes for NSTE-ACS in general, and 6 of these (with 52 173 NSTE-ACS patients) also provided more specific data according to P2Y12 receptor inhibitor used. Unadjusted analyses were performed at the study level, and no formal meta-analysis was performed due to large heterogeneity between studies in the settings, patient characteristics, and outcome definitions. All-cause death rates across registries ranged from 0.76 to 4.79% in-hospital, from 1.61 to 6.65% at 30 days, from 3.66 to 7.16% at 180 days, and from 3.14 to 9.73% at 1 year. Major bleeding events were reported in up to 2.77% of patients while in hospital (in seven registries), up to 1.08% at 30 days (data from one registry only), and 2.06% at 1 year (one registry). CONCLUSIONS: There were substantial differences in the use of and patient selection for clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, which were associated with differences in short- and long-term ischaemic and bleeding events. In future registries, data collection should be performed in a more standardized way with respect to endpoints, definitions, and time points.

• MeSH
• akutní koronární syndrom farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ischemie etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2Y - antagonisté škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2Y12 * MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: The present survey aims to describe the intensive cardiac care unit organization and admission policies in Europe. METHODS: A total of 228 hospitals (61% academic) from 27 countries participated in this survey. In addition to the organizational aspects of the intensive cardiac care units, including classification of the intensive cardiac care unit levels, data on the admission diagnoses were gathered from consecutive patients who were admitted during a two-day period. Admission policies were evaluated by comparing illness severity with the intensive cardiac care unit level. Gross national income was used to differentiate high-income countries (n=13) from middle-income countries (n=14). RESULTS: A total of 98% of the hospitals had an intensive cardiac care unit: 70% had a level 1 intensive cardiac care unit, 76% had a level 2 intensive cardiac care unit, 51% had a level 3 intensive cardiac care unit, and 60% of the hospitals had more than one intensive cardiac care unit level. High-income countries tended to have more level 3 intensive cardiac care units than middle-income countries (55% versus 41%, p=0.07). A total of 5159 admissions were scored on illness severity: 63% were low severity, 24% were intermediate severity, and 12% were high severity. Patients with low illness severity were predominantly admitted to level 1 intensive cardiac care units, whereas patients with high illness severity were predominantly admitted to level 2 and 3 intensive cardiac care units. A policy mismatch was observed in 12% of the patients; some patients with high illness severity were admitted to level 1 intensive cardiac care units, which occurred more often in middle-income countries, whereas some patients with low illness severity were admitted to level 3 intensive cardiac care units, which occurred more frequently in high-income countries. CONCLUSION: More than one-third of the admitted patients were considered intermediate or high risk. Although patients with higher illness severity were mostly admitted to high-level intensive cardiac care units, an admission policy mismatch was observed in 12% of the patients; this mismatch was partly related to insufficient logistic intensive cardiac care unit capacity.

• MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče organizace a řízení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidita trendy   MeSH
• nemoci srdce epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• příjem pacientů statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• cytokininy metabolismus   MeSH
• genová ontologie MeSH
• listy rostlin genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• proteom * MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce * MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• zvětšování buněk MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIMS: Among acute coronary syndromes (ACS), ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has the most severe early clinical course. We aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors in patients with STEMI based on the data from contemporary European ACS registries. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve registries provided data in a systematic manner on outcomes in STEMI patients overall, and seven of these also provided data for P2Y12 receptor inhibitor-based dual antiplatelet therapy. The registries were heterogeneous in terms of site, patient, and treatment selection, as well as in definition of endpoints (e.g. bleeding events). All-cause death rates based on the data from 84 299 patients (9612 patients on prasugrel, 11 492 on ticagrelor, and 27 824 on clopidogrel) ranged between 0.49 and 6.68% in-hospital, between 3.07 and 7.95% at 30 days (reported in 6 registries), between 8.15 and 9.13% at 180 days, and between 2.41 and 9.58% at 1 year (5 registries). Major bleeding rates were 0.09-3.55% in-hospital (8 registries), 0.09-1.65% at 30 days, and 1.96% at 1 year (only 1 registry). Fatal/life-threatening bleeding was rare occurring between 0.08 and 0.13% in-hospital (4 registries) and 1.96% at 1 year (1 registry). CONCLUSIONS: Real-world evidence from European contemporary registries shows that death, ischaemic events, and bleeding rates are lower than those reported in Phase III studies of P2Y12 inhibitors. Regarding individual P2Y12 inhibitors, patients on prasugrel, and, to a lesser degree, ticagrelor, had fewer ischaemic and bleeding events at all time points than clopidogrel-treated patients. These findings are partly related to the fact that the newer agents are used in younger and less ill patients.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infarkt myokardu s elevacemi ST úseků komplikace   farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• ischemie mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2Y - antagonisté škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• purinergní receptory P2Y12 účinky léků   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stanovení cílového parametru MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH