COX-2 specifické inhibitory byly vyvinuty ve snaze snížit výskyt nežádoucích vedlejších úího traktu pekávaným výsledkem jedné ze studií, která byla primárndoucích úýšený výskyt kardiovaskulárních pání s pacienty lého infarktu myokardu. O pasnjším jeví kardioprotektivní vliv naproxenu, který byl prokázán. Diskutuje se i otázka možného protektivního vlivu COX-2 selektivních inhibitorkardiovaskulárních příhod v souvislosti se známým protizánětlivým vlivem COX-2 selektivních inhibitorů. Metaanalýza studií provedených s meloxikamem neprokazuje zvýšení výskytu tromboembolických příhod v souvislosti s léčbou tímto COX-2 selektivním inhibitorem. Výsledky studie NUT-2 dokonce naznačují možný příznivý vliv meloxikamu na kardiovaskulární aterosklerotické příhody.

COX-2 selective inhibitors have been developed with intention to decrease an incidence of undesirable side effects in gastrointestinal tract with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects maintained. One of studies, focused primarily to gastrointestinal undesirable effects detection (VIGOR), showed unexpected outcome - unpredicted elevation of cardiovascular attacks in patients treated with 50 mg of rofecoxib, compared to those with 2 × 500 mg of naproxen, particularly an incidence of minor (not fatal) myocardial infarction. The ground is a matter of debate, either cardioprotective effect of naproxen or prothrombotic effect of rofecoxib are possible. Presently a cardioprotective effect of naproxen, which has been proved, seems to be more likely. Question of possible protective effect of COX-2 selective inhibitors in prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular attacks is also being discussed in connection with their known anti-inflammatory effect. Meta-analysis of studies with meloxicam does not show increased incidence in thromboembolism connected to treatment with this COX-2 selective inhibitor. NUT-2 study shows even possible favourable action of meloxicam to cardiovascular atherosclerotic attacks.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antirevmatika antagonisté a inhibitory   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• arterioskleróza patologie   MeSH
• farmakoterapie metody   MeSH
• hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• tromboembolie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• MELOCIKAM, NIMELISUD,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dvanáctníkové vředy prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory cyklooxygenasy metabolismus   MeSH
• misoprostol aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nabumeton MeSH
• peptický vřed prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Survival analysis is commonly conducted in medical and public health research to assess the association of an exposure or intervention with a hard end outcome such as mortality. The Cox (proportional hazards) regression model is probably the most popular statistical tool used in this context. However, when the exposure includes compositional covariables (that is, variables representing a relative makeup such as a nutritional or physical activity behaviour composition), some basic assumptions of the Cox regression model and associated significance tests are violated. Compositional variables involve an intrinsic interplay between one another which precludes results and conclusions based on considering them in isolation as is ordinarily done. In this work, we introduce a formulation of the Cox regression model in terms of log-ratio coordinates which suitably deals with the constraints of compositional covariates, facilitates the use of common statistical inference methods, and allows for scientifically meaningful interpretations. We illustrate its practical application to a public health problem: the estimation of the mortality hazard associated with the composition of daily activity behaviour (physical activity, sitting time and sleep) using data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny statistika a číselné údaje   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• metaanalýza MeSH

To define the soil properties for a given area or country including the level of pollution, soil survey and inventory programs are essential tools. Soil data transformations enable the expression of the original data on a new scale, more suitable for data analysis. In the computer-aided interactive analysis of large data files of soil characteristics containing outliers, the diagnostic plots of the exploratory data analysis (EDA) often find that the sample distribution is systematically skewed or reject sample homogeneity. Under such circumstances the original data should be transformed. The Box-Cox transformation improves sample symmetry and stabilizes spread. The logarithmic plot of a profile likelihood function enables the optimum transformation parameter to be found. Here, a proposed procedure for data transformation in univariate data analysis is illustrated on a determination of cadmium content in the plough zone of agricultural soils. A typical soil pollution survey concerns the determination of the elements Be (16 544 values available), Cd (40 317 values), Co (22 176 values), Cr (40 318 values), Hg (32 344 values), Ni (34 989 values), Pb (40 344 values), V (20 373 values) and Zn (36 123 values) in large samples.

• MeSH
• financování vládou MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kadmium analýza   MeSH
• kovy analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
• zemědělství MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí analýza   MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• analýza přežívání,
• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• zdraví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• lékařství
• statistika

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• lékařství

Relationships between conformation traits and functional longevity in Holstein cows were evaluated using survival analysis. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days between the first calving and culling; that is, length of productive life. The data set consisted of 116,369 Holstein cows that first calved from 2003 to 2008. All cows used in the analysis were scored for conformation between d 30 and d 210 of their first lactation. The data included 48% censored records. Analyses were done separately for 20 linear descriptive type traits, 6 composite traits, and height at sacrum measured in centimeters. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to analyze data. The hazard function was described as the product of a baseline hazard function and the time-independent effects of age at first calving and sire (random), and the time-dependent effects of stage of lactation and lactation number, herd, year and season, herd size, and 305-d milk production. The strongest relationship between a composite trait and functional longevity was for dairy form, followed by udder and final score. Among the descriptive type traits, the strongest relationships with longevity were found for body condition score, angularity, traits related to udder attachment, and udder depth. Foot and leg traits showed substantially lower effect on functional longevity, and the effect of foot angle was minimal. Functional longevity declined with decreased body condition score of cows. Cows with deep udders had significantly lower functional survival compared with cows with shallow udders. In addition, weak central ligament was associated with significant reduction of cow longevity. For dairy form and angularity, cows classified as very good were the worst with respect to longevity, whereas cows classified as poor were the best. An intermediate optimum was evident for rear legs rear view and rear legs set (side view), whereas cows with sickled legs had lower longevity than cows with straighter legs.

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• dlouhověkost genetika   MeSH
• kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
• laktace genetika   MeSH
• mléčné žlázy zvířat anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• skot anatomie a histologie   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot anatomie a histologie   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• sociální vědy metody   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociologie
• NLK Obory
• sociologie

• MeSH
• ambulantní péče MeSH
• nemoc MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH