Neuropsychological testing
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BACKGROUND: Although neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) has been used to evaluate early neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease, studies concentrating on the locus coeruleus (LC) in pre-dementia stages of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are lacking. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to evaluate NM-MRI signal changes in the LC in patients with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) compared to healthy controls (HC) and to identify the cognitive correlates of the changes. We also aimed to test the hypothesis of a caudal-rostral α-synuclein pathology spread using NM-MRI of the different LC subparts. METHODS: A total of 38 MCI-LB patients and 59 HCs underwent clinical and cognitive testing and NM-MRI of the LC. We calculated the contrast ratio of NM-MRI signal (LC-CR) in the whole LC as well as in its caudal, middle, and rostral MRI slices, and we compared the LC-CR values between the MCI-LB and HC groups. Linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the LC-CR and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS: The MCI-LB group exhibited a significant reduction in the right LC-CR compared to HCs (P = 0.021). The right LC-CR decrease was associated with impaired visuospatial memory in the MCI-LB group. Only the caudal part of the LC exhibited significant LC-CR decreases in MCI-LB patients compared to HCs on both sides (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that focuses on LC-CRs in MCI-LB patients and analyzes the LC subparts, offering new insights into the LC integrity alterations in the initial stages of DLB and their clinical correlates. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
- MeSH
- alfa-synuklein metabolismus MeSH
- demence s Lewyho tělísky * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * diagnostické zobrazování patologie patofyziologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- locus coeruleus * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Alzheimerova choroba je nejčastější příčinou demence a včasná diagnostika je klíčová pro zahájení léčby. Porucha čichu, zejména schopnost identifikace pachů, byla opakovaně identifikována jako raný příznak neurodegenerativních změn a může pomoci při časné detekci Alzheimerovy choroby. Psychofyzické testy čichu, jako je Sniffin’ Sticks, (SST) University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), či test parfémovaných fixů (OMT), jsou spolehlivými nástroji pro hodnocení čichových funkcí a mají potenciál doplnit tradiční neuropsychologické testy. Kombinace čichových a kognitivních testů významně zvyšuje přesnost predikce nástupu demence.
Koutná V, Štěpánek L, Trajerová R, Janout V, Janoutová J. Olfactory impairment as a biomarker in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease in primary care Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and early diagnosis is key to initiating treatment. Olfactory dysfunction, particularly the ability to discriminate odors, has been repeatedly identified as an early sign of neurodegenerative changes and may aid in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Psychophysical olfactory tests such as the Sniffin’ Sticks (SST), University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) or the Odorized Marker Test (OMT) are reliable tools for assessing olfactory function and have potential to complement traditional neuropsychological tests. The combination of olfactory and cognitive tests significantly increases the accuracy of predicting the onset of dementia.
Cognitive flexibility (CF) is the ability to adapt cognitive strategies according to the changing environment. The deficit in CF has often been linked to various neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. However, the operationalization and assessment of CF have not been unified and the current research suggests that the available instruments measure different aspects of CF. The main objective of the present study was to compare three frequently used neuropsychological measures of CF-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) in a population of patients (N = 220) with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders in order to evaluate their convergent validity. The hypothesis of an underlying latent construct was tested via a confirmatory factor analysis. We used a one-factor CF model with scores from WCST, SCWT and TMT as observed variables. The established model showed a good fit to the data (χ2 = 1.67, p = 0.43, SRMR = 0.02, RMSEA = 0.0, CFI = 1.00). The highest factor loading was found in WCST as CF explained most of the variance in this neuropsychological measure compared to the other instruments. On the other hand, a TMT ratio index and a SCWT interference demonstrated lowest loadings in the model. The findings suggest that not all the frequently used measures share an underlying factor of CF or may capture different aspects of this construct.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exekutivní funkce * fyziologie MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * etiologie diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- kognitivní flexibilita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy * normy MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- schizofrenie (psychologie) * MeSH
- schizofrenie * komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Oslabené sociokognitívne schopnosti môžu signalizovať riziko sociálnej (pragmatickej) komunikačnej poruchy alebo poruchy autistického spektra. Skorá identifikácia ťažkostí je kľúčová pre začatie cielenej intervencie a elimináciu prehlbovania existujúcich deficitov. Cieľom príspevku je predstaviť zahraničný diagnostický nástroj The Early Sociocognitive Battery (ESB) autoriek Shuly Chiat, Penny Roy a Jennifer Warwick, ktorý umožňuje priame hodnotenie sociokognitívnych schopností detí už v ranom veku. Teoretický opis ESB je doplnený o stručný prehľad výsledkov pilotného testovania 44 intaktných slovensky hovoriacich detí mladšieho predškolského veku, zameraného na analýzu výkonov detí v závislosti od pohlavia. Participanti boli hodnotení prostredníctvom batérie ESB, testu Opakovanie pseudoslov a Dotazníka použitia jazyka (LUI). Pilotné dáta ukazujú, že pohlavie detí nemá signifikantný vplyv na ich výkony v rámci nástroja ESB. Rovnako bola preukázaná štatisticky významná korelácia medzi celkovým skóre v dotazníku LUI a skóre v subteste Spoločná pozornosť batérie ESB. Výsledky podporujú aplikovateľnosť nástroja ESB aj v slovenskom kultúrnom a jazykovom prostredí.
Impaired sociocognitive abilities may signal the risk of a social (pragmatic) communication disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Early identification of difficulties is crucial for initiating targeted intervention and preventing the escalation of existing deficits. The aim of this paper is to introduce the foreign diagnostic tool, the Early Sociocognitive Battery (ESB), developed by Shula Chiat, Penny Roy and Jennifer Warwick. This tool enables direct assessment of children's sociocognitive abilities at an early age. The theoretical description of the ESB is supplemented by a brief overview of the results from the pilot testing of 44 typically developing Slovak-speaking children in the younger preschool age group, focusing on the analysis of children's performance in relation to gender. Participants were assessed using the ESB, Nonword Repetition Task, and Language Use Inventory (LUI). Pilot data show that the children's gender does not have a significant impact on their performance within the ESB tool. In addition, a statistically significant correlation was found between the total score on the LUI and the score on the Joint Attention subtest of the ESB. The results support the applicability of the ESB tool in the Slovak cultural and linguistic context.
BACKGROUND: Spatial navigation deficits are early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most important genetic risk factor for AD. This study investigated effects of APOE genotype on spatial navigation in biomarker-defined individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and associations of AD biomarkers and atrophy of AD-related brain regions with spatial navigation. METHODS: 107 participants, cognitively normal older adults (CN, n = 48) and aMCI individuals stratified into AD aMCI (n = 28) and non-AD aMCI (n = 31) groups, underwent cognitive assessment, brain MRI, and spatial navigation assessment using the Virtual Supermarket Test with egocentric and allocentric tasks and a self-report questionnaire. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (amyloid-β1-42, phosphorylated tau181 and total tau) and amyloid PET imaging were assessed in aMCI participants. RESULTS: AD aMCI participants had the highest prevalence of APOE ε4 carriers and worst allocentric navigation. CSF levels of AD biomarkers and atrophy in AD-related brain regions were associated with worse allocentric navigation. Between-group differences in spatial navigation and associations with AD biomarkers and regional brain atrophy were not influenced by APOE genotype. Self-reported navigation ability was similar across groups and unrelated to spatial navigation performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that allocentric navigation deficits in aMCI individuals are predominantly driven by AD pathology, independent of APOE genotype. This highlights the role of AD pathology as measured by biomarkers, rather than genetic status, as a major factor in navigational impairment in aMCI, and emphasizes the assessment of spatial navigation as a valuable tool for early detection of AD.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * genetika mozkomíšní mok diagnostické zobrazování komplikace patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- amyloidní beta-protein mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- apolipoprotein E4 * genetika MeSH
- apolipoproteiny E * genetika MeSH
- atrofie MeSH
- biologické markery mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * genetika mozkomíšní mok diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mozek patologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- pozitronová emisní tomografie MeSH
- prostorová navigace * fyziologie MeSH
- proteiny tau mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The ABCB1 gene, encoding the ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1, plays a crucial role in the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides and the transport of cholesterol, implicating it in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene and cognitive decline in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly focusing on language function. A longitudinal cohort study involving 1 005 participants from the Czech Brain Aging Study was conducted. Participants included individuals with Alzheimer's disease, amnestic MCI, non-amnestic MCI, subjective cognitive decline, and healthy controls. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to analyze the entire ABCB1 gene. Cognitive performance was assessed using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests, including the Boston Naming Test and the semantic verbal fluency test. Ten ABCB1 polymorphisms (rs55912869, rs56243536, rs10225473, rs10274587, rs2235040, rs12720067, rs12334183, rs10260862, rs201620488, and rs28718458) were significantly associated with cognitive performance, particularly in language decline among amnestic MCI patients. In silico analyses revealed that some of these polymorphisms may affect the binding sites for transcription factors (HNF-3alpha, C/EBPβ, GR-alpha) and the generation of novel exonic splicing enhancers. Additionally, polymorphism rs55912869 was identified as a potential binding site for the microRNA hsa-mir-3163. Our findings highlight the significant role of ABCB1 polymorphisms in cognitive decline, particularly in language function, among individuals with amnestic MCI. These polymorphisms may influence gene expression and function through interactions with miRNAs, transcription factors, and alternative splicing mechanisms.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc genetika MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
- kognitivní dysfunkce * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- P-glykoproteiny genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cíl: Montrealský kognitivní test (MoCA) je jednou z nejpoužívanějších screeningových zkoušek kognice u dospělých osob, pro něž existují normy pro českou populaci. Varianta MoCA-22, která je určena pro osoby s poruchami zraku či imobilitou horních končetin, se dá administrovat i po telefonu. Tato studie přináší české normy MoCA-22. Materiál a metodika: Soubor (n = 1 049) se skládá z účastníků čtyř studií provedených v ČR. Zařazeny byly osoby ve věku 19–98 let, bez neurodegenerativního, psychiatrického či jiného závažného onemocnění. Data pro MoCA-22 byla odvozena z dat získaných vyšetřením standardní verzí MoCA. V souladu se zavedenou klinickou praxí i statistickou analýzou jsou soubor a odvozené normy rozděleny na tři věkové kategorie: 19–50 let, 51–74 let, 75 a více let. Výsledky: Pro výše uvedené věkové kategorie dále rozdělené dle dosaženého vzdělání (nižší, vyšší) předkládáme průměrné skóry i odhadované percentilové hranice. Výkon v MoCA-22 je ovlivněn dosaženým vzděláním a věkem, ale nikoli pohlavím. Pro úpravu výsledků dle demografických faktorů proto poskytujeme i regresní rovnici. Závěr: Normativní údaje pro MoCA-22 rozšíří klinické instrumentárium v Česku a umožní adekvátní screening kognice u osob, jež jsou zdravotním stavem limitovány při využití standardních metod.
Aim: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is one of the most widely used cognitive screening tests in adults with reference standards for the Czech population. The MoCA-22 variant is designed for individuals with visual impairment or upper limb immobility and can be administered over the telephone. This study presents the Czech MoCA-22 normative standards. Materials and methods: The sample (N = 1,049) consists of participants from four studies conducted in the Czech Republic. The subjects included were aged 19–98 years, and were without neurodegenerative, psychiatric, or other serious illness. Data for the MoCA-22 were derived from data obtained by the standard version of MoCA. Following established clinical practice and statistical analysis, the population and derived norms are divided into three age categories: 19–50 years, 51–74 years, and 75 years and older. Results: For these age categories above, which were further subdivided by educational status (lower, higher), we present mean scores and estimated percentile thresholds. Performance in the MoCA-22 is affected by demoraphic factors, such as educational status and age but not sex, as reflected by the regression equation. Conclusions: Normative data for MoCA-22 will complement the clinical armamentarium in Czechia and allow adequate cognitive screening in people whose health status limits them when using standard methods.
- Klíčová slova
- Montrealský kognitivní test (MoCA),
- MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy * normy MeSH
- osoby upoutané na lůžko MeSH
- telefon MeSH
- telemedicína MeSH
- zrakově postižení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a key non-motor complication during the disease course. OBJECTIVES: A review of detailed cognitive instruments to detect mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PDD) is needed to establish optimal tests that facilitate diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review of tests that assess memory, language including premorbid intelligence, and visuospatial domains (for tests of attention and executive functions see accompanying review) to determine suitability to assess cognition in PD. Based on in-depth scrutiny of psychometric and other relevant clinimetric properties, tests were rated as "recommended," "recommended with caveats," "suggested," or "listed" by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS) panel of experts according to the IPMDS Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee guidelines. RESULTS: We included 39 tests encompassing 48 outcome measures. Seven tests (different versions or subtests of the test counted once) were recommended, including four for memory, one for visuospatial domains, one for language (including three measures), and one for estimated premorbid intelligence. Furthermore, 10 tests (12 measures) were "recommended with caveats," 11 were "suggested," and 11 (15 measures) were "listed." CONCLUSIONS: Recommended neuropsychological tests in memory, visuospatial functions, and language are proposed to guide the assessment of cognitive impairment and its progression in PD-MCI and PDD, and for use in clinical trials to stratify participants or as outcome measures. Novel measures being developed will need extensive validation research to be "recommended." © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
OBJECTIVE: Standard resective treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) includes anteromesial temporal resection or amygdalohippocampectomy. One potential risk of these surgeries, especially in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative findings, is postoperative memory impairment. An alternative to resective procedures that aim to preserve the neuropsychological profile are multiple hippocampal transections (MHTs). The objective of transections is to interrupt the longitudinal pathways of the hippocampus to prevent the spread of epileptic seizures while preserving the memory circuits. Previously performed MHT procedures were guided by questionable intraoperative electrocorticography. At our institution, we have developed and tested a modified technique to achieve complete MHTs. METHODS: Patients with pharmacoresistant unilaterally lateralized MTLE and MRI-negative findings with high risk of neuropsychologic deterioration were indicated for complete MHT. Comprehensive neuropsychological and epileptological evaluations and MRI follow-ups were conducted 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. The primary evaluated parameters were seizure reduction and significant changes in neuropsychological performance (± 1 SD). RESULTS: Complete MHTs were performed on 3 patients who completed 2-year follow-up. Two MHTs were performed on the right and 1 on the left side. Two patients are classified as Engel 1 and one patient as Engel 3. Two years after surgery, neuropsychologic evaluation did not show significant decrease in memory performance and performance in majority of cognitive tests. One-year MRI follow-up showed decrease of volume of hippocampus in all 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: This modified technique of MHT in patients with MTLE and MRI-negative findings led to seizure reduction while preserving their neuropsychologic performance.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epilepsie temporálního laloku * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- hipokampus * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony * metody MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- refrakterní epilepsie * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
RATIONALE: Patients who experience seizures, including PNES, are usually advised to discontinue driving, or have their driving privileges revoked until a determined period of seizure-freedom is achieved. In this retrospective study, patients with PNES who requested driving privileges or reported having resumed driving were compared to those who did not on measures of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and cognitive flexibility/motor speed. METHODS: DiagnosisofPNESwasconfirmedwithvideo-EEG.Demographicand clinical dataand requests for reinstatement of driving privileges (requiring 6 or more months seizure freedom) and reports of decisions to resume driving were noted. Tests of motor speed and hand eye coordination and self-report questionnaires of depression, anxiety and PTSD administered as part of neuropsychological assessment were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 403 patients with PNES evaluated in 2010-2020 were identified. Of those, 365 patients were eligible for inclusion, and of those, 60 applied for driving privileges or reported that they resumed driving. When the two groups were compared, the group that applied for driving privileges or decided to resume driving was significantly less depressed (p = 0.001) when tested than the group that did not. Furthermore, a significant difference was seen in measures of motor performance between those who requested to resume driving and those who did not (DKEFS T1, p = 0.006, DKEFS T2, p = 0.001, DKEFS T3, p = 0.002, DKEFS T4, p = 0.001; GPT dominant, p = 0.05, GPT non-dominant, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Driving a motor vehicle is a useful measure of improvement for PNES because patients with seizures are required to discontinue driving until seizure-freedom is achieved. This study revealed that lower levels of depression and better fine motor functioning were associated with reported seizure-freedom and driving resumption. Depression is commonly associated with diminished performance (slower motor response times and impaired fine motor movements) on tests of motor functioning, both of which may result in less interest in pursuing permission to resume driving. These findings suggest that mood symptoms (and associated performance on measures of motor speed and coordination) may have prognostic significance in patients diagnosed with PNES. This also suggests that timely treatment of depression in newly diagnosed patients with PNES may be indicated.
- MeSH
- deprese psychologie diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- konverzní poruchy psychologie diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- posttraumatická stresová porucha psychologie diagnóza MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- psychosomatické poruchy diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- řízení motorových vozidel * psychologie MeSH
- úzkost psychologie etiologie diagnóza MeSH
- záchvaty * psychologie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
