PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the joints of the hand is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly population. It is a complex, degenerative disease affecting all components of the joint. Surgical treatment is indicated when conservative therapy fails. The ultimate solution is arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Various methods of arthrodesis have been described, ranging from the use of K-wires or compression screw to different types of intra-articular (intramedullary) implants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the fingers using intramedullary implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2011, arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint using an intramedullary implant has been performed at our department 97 times in total, in 59 patients. 9 patients (15 cases of arthrodesis) were excluded from the study group due to their failure to complete the questionnaire, 1 female patient died. In the final group, 82 cases of arthrodesis in 49 patients (47 women, 2 men) were evaluated. In 72% of cases, the surgery was performed on the dominant hand. The mean age at the time of surgery was 58 years (median 59 years). The patients were indicated for surgery after the failure of all conservative treatment options. In addition to radiographs, also the hand function and pain were assessed based on the preand postoperative DASH score questionnaires. RESULTS: The surgical outcomes for all implants are satisfactory. In all 82 patients, the surgical wounds healed per primam. In one case, implant extraction was performed due to infection. Another complication was an unhealed fusion and formation of a non-union with minimum pathological mobility (the patient is satisfied with the outcome). In three patients, a fracture at the base of the distal phalanx was observed on postoperative radiographs, which fully healed within 3 months after surgery. The mean DASH score decreased from 41.95 preoperatively to 14.93 postoperatively. The mean time to healing of the arthrodesis observed on radiographs was 9.1 weeks. DISCUSSION: Currently, there are many different types of arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the hand. Each method has its pros and cons. Arthrodesis using an intramedullary implant has the advantages of the older methods while minimizing postoperative complications. Our results are comparable to those reported in the foreign literature. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the evaluated outcomes, arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint using an intramedullary implant can be considered valid. It definitely deserves to be included in the portfolio of surgical treatment of osteoarthritis of the DIP joints of the hand. According to our observation, the differences between various types of implants are minimal and their outcomes are comparable to those reported in foreign publications. The pain relief, restored finger function and fusion rate are comparable to, if not better than, those achieved by the older surgical methods. The advantage of this method is mainly easier implantation, fewer complications, and the possibility of implantation without the use of an X-ray image intensifier, which ultimately reduces the cost of surgery. The main disadvantage is the higher purchase price of the implant. KEY WORDS: osteoarthritis, distal interphalangeal joint, arthrodesis.

• MeSH
• artrodéza * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• kloub prstu ruky * chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoartróza * chirurgie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study aims to review the existing knowledge on the cost-effectiveness and item costs related to the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients at different stages. METHODS: The study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The systematic search involved several steps: finding and identifying relevant articles, filtering them according to the set criteria, and examining the final number of selected articles to obtain the primary information. The number of articles published between 2013 and September 2024 in the Web of Science and PubMed databases was considered. The CHEERS checklist was used for the risk of bias assessment. Ultimately, 36 studies were included. RESULTS: Regarding the cost-effectiveness of GERD treatment, Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) appeared to be the dominant solution for non-refractory patients. However, this might change with the adoption of the novel drug vonoprazan, which is more effective and cheaper. With advancements in emerging technologies, new diagnostic and screening approaches such as Endosheath, Cytosponge, and combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring catheters should be considered, with potential implications for optimal GERD management strategies. DISCUSSION: The new diagnostic methods are reliable, safe, and more comfortable than standard procedures. PPIs are commonly used as the first line of treatment for GERD. Surgery, such as magnetic sphincter augmentation or laparoscopic fundoplication, is only recommended for patients with treatment-resistant GERD or severe symptoms. OTHER: Advances in emerging technologies for diagnostics and screening may lead to a shift in the entire GERD treatment model, offering less invasive options and potentially improving patients' quality of life.

• MeSH
• analýza nákladů a výnosů * MeSH
• gastroezofageální reflux * diagnóza   terapie   ekonomika   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• inhibitory protonové pumpy * terapeutické užití   ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Coordinative patterns require experience and learning to be acquired, producing movements that offer efficient solutions to various situations and involving certain degree of variability. This coordination variability implies functionality in movement, but it can be impacted by the type of sport practice from early years. The purpose of this work is to analyze the coordination variability and coordination patterns in a specific action such as single-leg landing in children practicing gymnastics, volleyball and non-sporting children. Thirty children (15 girls) performed 10 successful trials of single-leg landing from a height of 25 cm. A motion capture system (9 cameras) was used to capture 3D thigh and shank kinematics. To identify the significant effect of children's groups on coordination and coordination variability during single-leg landing, one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) was used. Regarding the coordination patterns, in the frontal plane, during the attenuation phase of single-leg landing, the control group exhibited a higher frequency of Anti-Phase with proximal dominancy compared to the sport groups (i.e., gymnastics, and volleyball). In addition, in the sagittal plane during the second peak phase, volleyball players exhibited a higher coordination variability than the gymnastics. The children in the control group showed a greater frequency of antiphasic movements, which indicates the influence of training at an early age, being a determining factor in the increase or not of variability.

• MeSH
• bérec fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gymnastika * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motorické dovednosti fyziologie   MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• volejbal * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Intermediate filaments (IFs) are essential constituents of the metazoan cytoskeleton. A vast family of cytoplasmic IF proteins are capable of self-assembly from soluble tetrameric species into typical 10-12 nm wide filaments. The primary structure of these proteins includes the signature central 'rod' domain of ~ 300 residues which forms a dimeric α-helical coiled coil composed of three segments (coil1A, coil1B and coil2) interconnected by non-helical, flexible linkers (L1 and L12). The rod is flanked by flexible terminal head and tail domains. At present, the molecular architecture of mature IFs is only poorly known, limiting our capacity to rationalize the effect of numerous disease-related mutations found in IF proteins. Here we addressed the molecular structure of soluble vimentin tetramers which are formed by two antiparallel, staggered dimers with coil1B domains aligned (A11 tetramers). By examining a series of progressive truncations, we show that the presence of the coil1A domain is essential for the tetramer formation. In addition, we employed a novel chemical cross-linking pipeline including isotope labelling to identify intra- and interdimeric cross-links within the tetramer. We conclude that the tetramer is synergistically stabilized by the interactions of the aligned coil1B domains, the interactions between coil1A and the N-terminal portion of coil2, and the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged head and rod domains. Our cross-linking data indicate that, starting with a straight A11 tetramer, flexibility of linkers L1 and L12 enables 'backfolding' of both the coil1A and coil2 domains onto the tetrameric core formed by the coil1B domains. Through additional small-angle X-ray scattering experiments we show that the elongated A11 tetramers dominate in low ionic strength solutions, while there is also a significant structural flexibility especially in the terminal domains.

• MeSH
• cytoskelet * metabolismus   MeSH
• intermediární filamenta * metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• vimentin metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Prohibice je globálně dominantním konceptem pro regulaci a kontrolu psychoaktivních látek již téměř 70 let. Její účinnost a legitimita jakožto udržitelného řešení problémů spojených s existencí psychoaktivních látek ve společnosti byla opakovaně zpochybněna. Je založena na normativním předpokladu, že užívat psychoaktivní látky jinak než v léčebném kontextu se nesmí a nemedicínské nakládání s nimi by mělo být přísně trestáno. To znemožňuje využití širokého spektra regulačních, veřejnozdravotních, preventivních a harm reduction strategií a je příčinou snížení společenského blahobytu a škod v oblasti lidskoprávní, zdravotní a sociální. Je proto načase nahradit prohibiční paradigma moderní regulací, která vezme v potaz různou škodlivost psychoaktivních látek a jejich rizika, ale také přínosy psychoaktivních látek v oblasti duševního zdraví a pohody, životního stylu a sociální koheze. Toto nové paradigma (tzv. chytrá regulace) by zejména mělo akceptovat užívání psychoaktivních látek mimo terapeutický kontext, používat trestní právo výjimečně jako krajní nástroj regulace lidského chování, regulovat dostupnost látek na základě jejich škodlivosti, regulovat rizikový profil produktu, přísně regulovat marketing a reklamu, chránit před nabídkou psychoaktivních látek nezletilé a okolí uživatelů, chránit legální trh před nabídkou látek z nelegálního trhu a využívat ekonomické nástroje pro regulaci poptávky a jako zdroj prostředků pro prevenci a léčbu.

Prohibition has been the globally dominant concept for the regulation and control of psychoactive substances for nearly 70 years. Its effectiveness and legitimacy as a sustainable solution to the problems associated with the existence of psychoactive substances in society has been repeatedly questioned. It is based on the normative assumption that the use of psychoactive substances for other than therapeutic purposes is not allowed, and non-medical supply should be severely punished. This precludes the use of the full range of regulatory, public health, prevention, and harm reduction strategies, reduces well-being, and increases harms for the human-rights, health, and social cohesion. It is time to replace the prohibitionist paradigm with modern regulation that considers the different harms and risks of psychoactive substances, but also the benefits of psychoactive substances for mental health and well-being, lifestyle, and socialisation. This new paradigm (the so-called 'smart regulation') should accept non-medical use of psychoactive substances, apply criminal law as an exceptional tool to regulate human behaviour, regulate the availability of substances according to their harmfulness, regulate the risk profile of the product, strictly regulate marketing and advertising, protect minors and 'others' from the use and supply of psychoactive substances, protect the legal market from the supply of substances from the illegal market, and use economic instruments to regulate demand and to subsidise prevention and treatment.

• Klíčová slova
• dekriminalizace drog,
• MeSH
• kontrola léčiv a omamných látek zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• návykové chování MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
• programy národního zdraví * MeSH
• psychotropní léky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Bolest je pocit odpovídající poškození tkáně, někdy vyjádřený slovy, hlasovým dědictvím našich fylogenetických předchůdců, například skučením, neartikulovaným křikem, nebo projevy bolesti mimického a kosterního svalstva. Verbální i neverbální projevy bolesti jsou součástí sociální komunikace. Bolest může být vyvolána i empatií s trpící osobou. Základ moderního pohledu na biopsychický aspekt bolesti poskytla Teorie vrátkové kontroly (Melzack a Wall, 1965). Vysvětlila převod informace o poškození tkáně v nervovém (elektrofyziologickém) kódu. Tento proces – nocicepce – je zpětnovazební. Procesy v CNS zpětně regulují vstupy nocicečních informací z periferie do CNS, Převod („překlad“) biologického (elektrofyziologického) kódu na psychický pocit, tedy „čistou subjektivní informaci“, tato teorie nevysvětluje. Informace o ohrožení, nebo poškození tkáně v nervovém kódu je v CNS převedena („přeložena“) na psychickou úroveň – pocit bolesti. Bolest vyvolá další subjektivní procesy, afektivní a kognitivní. Tyto procesy jsou „z jedné strany“ spojeny s biologickými procesy, „z druhé strany“ se sociálními, ekonomickými a s dalšími „vnějšími“ procesy. Bolest a související psychické procesy probíhají v tomto pásmu. Do jisté míry si je uvědomujeme. „Branou vědomí“ však projdou jen některé psychické procesy – „ne vše se hodí vědět“. Moderní výklad procesů mezi tělem a psychikou podává umělá inteligence, tradiční řešení nabízí náboženství a filozofie. Moderní teorie spojují, do jisté míry, oba přístupy. V roce 1979 formuloval McCarthy podmínky, za kterých mohou analogické procesy, které probíhají při psychickém zpracovávání bolesti, probíhat na libovolném HW, i bez HW – na mozku, na jiném HW, neb samostatně, jako psychické, duchovní, nebo virtuální procesy jiných inteligentních bytostí (intelligent agents). Psychologie chronické bolesti dlouho setrvávala na jednostranné psychologizaci chronické bolesti jako naučeného bolestivého chování, masochismu, nebo hysterické konverze. Bolest jako „relativně komplexní“ bio-psycho-sociální problém na hranici biologických a sociálních procesů byl klinicky akceptován, ale reálně řešen až vznikem mezioborových pracovišť léčby bolesti. Meze bio-psycho-sociálně-duchovního přístupu k bolesti závisí na stupni poznání, na schopnosti a ochotě poznatky využít, a na sociálních, ekonomických a politických podmínkách. Řešení „komplexního“ přístupu k bolesti je „nikdy nekončící otázka“. Mezi obory, které ji řeší, je historicky podmíněná hranice, preferující biomedicínský aspekt i tam, kde dominují psychosociální a ekonomické důvody stonat. Finančně se podporují výzkumy, o které mají zájem průmyslové koncerny (farmacie, lékařská elektronika). Hromadí se dílčí informace. Teorie, které by je uspořádaly, téměř chybí.

Pain is an experience consistent with tissue damage, sometimes expressed by words, by voice heritage of our phylogenetic predecessors, such as howling, inarticulate screaming, or manifestation of pain in the expressions of facial and skeletal muscles. Verbal and non-verbal expressions of pain are part of social communication. Pain can be also caused by empathy with the suffering person. The base of the modern view on the bio-psychological aspect of pain was provided by the Gate Control Theory (Melzack and Wall, 1965). This theory explained the transfer of information on tissue damage in the neural (electro-physiological) code. This process – nociception – is a feedback one. Processes in the CNS retroactively regulate neural information from the periphery to the CNS. The conversion („translation“) of neural (electro-physiological) code into mental process – pain – this theory does not explains. Information about tissue damage in the neural code is processed („translated“) to the mental level in the CNS. Pain induces other subjective processes, affective and cognitive. These processes run „between” biological (body) processes on the one side, and social and other external processes on the other side. Pain and related mental processes take place in this area. But only some mental processes pass through „the gait of consciousness“ – not everything is „convenient to know“. Modern viewpoint on processes between the body and the mind gives artificial intelligence; traditional solutions give religion and philosophy. Modern theories combine, in some extent, both viewpoints too. In 1979, McCarthy formulated the conditions under which can mental and other information processes run on any HW, even without HW. Mental, spiritual or virtual processes such can exist as analogues processes of other intelligent beings (intelligent agents). The psychology of chronic pain has long persisted in the unilateral psychological interpretation of chronic pain, such as learned pain behavior, masochism, or hysterical conversion. Pain as a bio-psycho-social problem on the border of biological and social processes has been step by step clinically accepted, and fully addressed by interdisciplinary pain centers. The limits of a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual approach to pain depend on the state of knowledge, on ability and willingness to use it, as well as on economical, social and political conditions. The building of bio-psycho-social-spiritual theory, research and clinic is „the newer-ending process“. There is a historically conditioned boundary between disciplines, preferring the biomedical aspect even where psychological, social, and economic problems dominate. Research that is of interest to industrial concerns (pharmacy, medical electronics) is financially supported. Partial information is accumulated. Theories that would be arranged this information are almost missing.

• MeSH
• biopsychosociální modely MeSH
• bolest * patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• chronická bolest patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• filozofie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace * MeSH
• nervový systém - fyziologické jevy MeSH
• nocicepce fyziologie   MeSH
• přírodní vědy MeSH
• spiritualita MeSH
• zpětná vazba fyziologická fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Bolest je pocit odpovídající poškození tkáně, někdy vyjádřený slovy, hlasovým dědictvím našich fylogenetických předchůdců, například skučením, neartikulovaným křikem, nebo projevy bolesti mimického a kosterního svalstva. Verbální i neverbální projevy bolesti jsou součástí sociální komunikace. Bolest může být vyvolána i empatií s trpící osobou. Základ moderního pohledu na biopsychický aspekt bolesti poskytla Teorie vrátkové kontroly (Melzack a Wall, 1965). Vysvětlila převod informace o poškození tkáně v nervovém (elektrofyziologickém) kódu. Tento proces – nocicepce – je zpětnovazební. Procesy v CNS zpětně regulují vstupy nocicečních informací z periferie do CNS, Převod („překlad“) biologického (elektrofyziologického) kódu na psychický pocit, tedy „čistou subjektivní informaci“, tato teorie nevysvětluje. Informace o ohrožení, nebo poškození tkáně v nervovém kódu je v CNS převedena („přeložena“) na psychickou úroveň – pocit bolesti. Bolest vyvolá další subjektivní procesy, afektivní a kognitivní. Tyto procesy jsou „z jedné strany“ spojeny s biologickými procesy, „z druhé strany“ se sociálními, ekonomickými a s dalšími „vnějšími“ procesy. Bolest a související psychické procesy probíhají v tomto pásmu. Do jisté míry si je uvědomujeme. „Branou vědomí“ však projdou jen některé psychické procesy – „ne vše se hodí vědět“. Moderní výklad procesů mezi tělem a psychikou podává umělá inteligence, tradiční řešení nabízí náboženství a filozofie. Moderní teorie spojují, do jisté míry, oba přístupy. V roce 1979 formuloval McCarthy podmínky, za kterých mohou analogické procesy, které probíhají při psychickém zpracovávání bolesti, probíhat na libovolném HW, i bez HW – na mozku, na jiném HW, neb samostatně, jako psychické, duchovní, nebo virtuální procesy jiných inteligentních bytostí (intelligent agents). Psychologie chronické bolesti dlouho setrvávala na jednostranné psychologizaci chronické bolesti jako naučeného bolestivého chování, masochismu, nebo hysterické konverze. Bolest jako „relativně komplexní“ biopsychosociální problém na hranici biologických a sociálních procesů byl klinicky akceptován, ale reálně řešen až vznikem mezioborových pracovišť léčby bolesti. Meze biopsychosociálněduchovního přístupu k bolesti závisí na stupni poznání, na schopnosti a ochotě poznatky využít, a na sociálních, ekonomických a politických podmínkách. Řešení „komplexního“ přístupu k bolesti je „nikdy nekončící otázka“. Mezi obory, které ji řeší, je historicky podmíněná hranice, preferující biomedicínský aspekt i tam, kde dominují psychosociální a eko- nomické důvody stonat. Finančně se podporují výzkumy, o které mají zájem průmyslové koncerny (farmacie, lékařská elektronika). hromadí se dílčí informace. teorie, které by je uspořádaly, téměř chybí.

Pain is an experience consistent with tissue damage, sometimes expressed by words, by voice heritage of our phylogenetic predecessors, such as howling, inarticulate screaming, or manifestation of pain in the expressions of facial and skeletal muscles. Verbal and non-verbal expressions of pain are part of social communication. Pain can be also caused by empathy with the suffering person. The base of the modern view on the biopsychological aspect of pain was provided by the Gate Control Theory (Melzack and Wall, 1965). This theory explained the transfer of information on tissue damage in the neural (electro-physiological) code. This process – nociception – is a feedback one. Processes in the CNS retroactively regulate neural information from the periphery to the CNS. The conversion („translation“) of neural (electro-physiological) code into mental process – pain – this theory does not explains. Information about tissue damage in the neural code is processed („translated“) to the mental level in the CNS. Pain induces other subjective processes, affective and cognitive. These processes run „between” biological (body) processes on the one side, and social and other external processes on the other side. Pain and related mental processes take place in this area. But only some mental processes pass through „the gait of consciousness“ – not everything is „convenient to know“. Modern viewpoint on processes between the body and the mind gives artificial intelligence; traditional solutions give religion and philosophy. Modern theories combine, in some extent, both viewpoints too. In 1979, McCarthy formulated the conditions under which can mental and other information processes run on any HW, even without HW. Mental, spiritual or virtual processes such can exist as analogues processes of other intelligent beings (intelligent agents). The psychology of chronic pain has long persisted in the unilateral psychological interpretation of chronic pain, such as learned pain behavior, masochism, or hysterical conversion. Pain as a biopsychosocial problem on the border of biological and social processes has been step by step clinically accepted, and fully addressed by interdisciplinary pain centers. The limits of a biopsychosociospiritual approach to pain depend on the state of knowledge, on ability and willingness to use it, as well as on economical, social and political conditions. The building of bio-psycho-social-spiritual theory, research and clinic is „the newer-ending process“. There is a historically conditioned boundary between disciplines, preferring the biomedical aspect even where psychological, social, and economic problems dominate. Research that is of interest to industrial concerns (pharmacy, medical electronics) is financially supported. Partial information is accumulated. Theories that would be arranged this information are almost missing.

• MeSH
• bolest * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nocicepce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, and it affects almost 1% of the population worldwide. Many people living with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite anti-epileptic medication therapy, surgical treatments, and neuromodulation therapy. The unpredictability of seizures is one of the most disabling aspects of epilepsy. Furthermore, epilepsy is associated with sleep, cognitive, and psychiatric comorbidities, which significantly impact the quality of life. Seizure predictions could potentially be used to adjust neuromodulation therapy to prevent the onset of a seizure and empower patients to avoid sensitive activities during high-risk periods. Long-term objective data is needed to provide a clearer view of brain electrical activity and an objective measure of the efficacy of therapeutic measures for optimal epilepsy care. While neuromodulation devices offer the potential for acquiring long-term data, available devices provide very little information regarding brain activity and therapy effectiveness. Also, seizure diaries kept by patients or caregivers are subjective and have been shown to be unreliable, in particular for patients with memory-impairing seizures. This paper describes the design, architecture, and development of the Mayo Epilepsy Personal Assistant Device (EPAD). The EPAD has bi-directional connectivity to the implanted investigational Medtronic Summit RC+STM device to implement intracranial EEG and physiological monitoring, processing, and control of the overall system and wearable devices streaming physiological time-series signals. In order to mitigate risk and comply with regulatory requirements, we developed a Quality Management System (QMS) to define the development process of the EPAD system, including Risk Analysis, Verification, Validation, and protocol mitigations. Extensive verification and validation testing were performed on thirteen canines and benchtop systems. The system is now under a first-in-human trial as part of the US FDA Investigational Device Exemption given in 2018 to study modulated responsive and predictive stimulation using the Mayo EPAD system and investigational Medtronic Summit RC+STM in ten patients with non-resectable dominant or bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The EPAD system coupled with an implanted device capable of EEG telemetry represents a next-generation solution to optimizing neuromodulation therapy.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is an important cyanobacterial toxin posing a major threat to surface waters during cyanobacterial blooms. Hence, methods for cyanotoxin removal are required to confront seasonal or local incidences to sustain the safety of potable water reservoirs. Non-thermal plasmas provide the possibility for an environmentally benign treatment which can be adapted to specific concentrations and environmental conditions without the need of additional chemicals. We therefore investigated the potential of two different non-thermal plasma approaches for CYN degradation, operated either in a water mist, i.e. in air, or submerged in water. A degradation efficacy of 0.03 ± 0.00 g kWh-1 L-1 was found for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operated in air, while a submerged pulsed corona-like discharge resulted in an efficacy of 0.24 ± 0.02 g kWh-1 L-1. CYN degradation followed a pseudo zeroth order or pseudo first order reaction kinetic, respectively. Treatment efficacy of the corona-like discharge submerged in water increased with pH values of the initial solution changing from 5.0 to 7.5. Notably, a pH-depending residual oxidative effect was observed for the submerged discharge, resulting in ongoing CYN degradation, even without further plasma treatment. In this case hydroxyl radicals were identified as the dominant oxidants of CYN at acidic pH values. In comparison, degradation by the DBD could be related primarily to the generation of ozone.

• MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• hydroxylový radikál MeSH
• ozon * MeSH
• sinice * MeSH
• uracil analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: In most indicators of the way of life, the Roma community is generally different from the majority population and dominant culture. The objective of the study was to describe factors affecting the health of the Roma living in Slovakia, with an emphasis on the sexual and reproductive health of Roma women, and report on the results of analysis of high-risk pregnancies of Roma women in the district of Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia. METHODS: A retrospective study of medical documentation was used. The results were analyzed using the absolute and relative frequencies. Statistical methods were used. RESULTS: A total of 1,256 high-risk pregnancies were analyzed, of which 622 (49.52%) were in Roma women. The average age of Roma respondents was lower by 5 years compared to non-Roma. The age of Roma women at the first pregnancy was statistically significantly lower compared to non-Roma (p < 0.001). The Roma respondents achieved statistically significantly lower levels of education than non-Roma. There was a demonstrably higher number of pregnancies as well as a higher number of artificial and spontaneous abortions per Roma woman. These results were statistically significant. For Roma women, pregnancy began to be risky demonstrably earlier than for non-Roma (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in attending prenatal counselling. Roma women attended prenatal counselling statistically significantly less frequently than non-Roma (p < 0.001). A significant statistical dependence was found between attending prenatal counselling and the onset of pregnancy problems in Roma women. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other diseases associated with high-risk pregnancy among Roma and non-Roma respondents. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that Roma women are exposed to health problems in the area of sexual and reproductive health in Slovakia. In the approach to the Roma, it is essential to focus on improving accessibility to health care, prevention, knowledgeableness and effectively preventing, eradicating and strongly penalizing all forms of discrimination in access to health care, especially for Roma women, who are more likely to receive health care.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• indukovaný potrat statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• parita MeSH
• prenatální péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• reprodukční zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rizikové těhotenství etnologie   MeSH
• Romové etnologie   MeSH
• samovolný potrat etnologie   MeSH
• služby v oblasti reprodukčního zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH