Vzorky kuchyňské soli byly skladovány po dobu 14 měsíců v podmínkách simulujících běžný způsob skladování v domácnostech. Doba skladování překročila o 2 měsíce dobu minimální trvanlivosti. Pokles koncentrace jódu ve vzorcích (ve formě jodičnanu draselného) byl zanedbatelný. Hodnoty jódu v soli byly v rozmezí 22,7 - 25,9 mg.kg1 Průměrný pokles koncentrace jódu v soli v průběhu 14 měsíců byl 0,4 mg.kg1 maximální úloytek byl 1,5 mg J.kg1 a to pouze u jednoho vzorku. Obsah jódu ve vzorcích soli v průběhu sledovaného období byl v souladu s vyhláškou č. 298/1997 Sb. stanovující obsah jódu v jódované soli.
Table salt samples were stored for a period of 14 months under conditions simulating household storage.The storage time exceeded the minimal expiration period by two months. The decline of iodine concentration in samples ( as potassium iodate) was negligible. The iodine values were within the range of 22.7 and 25.9 mg. kg1. The mean decline of iodine concentration in table salt in the course of 14 months was 0.4 mg. kg1 the maxhnal decline was 1.5 mg I.kg1 but only in one specimen. The iodine content in salt samples during the investigation period was consistent with regulation no. 298/1997 Sb. defining the iodine content in iodized table salt.
- MeSH
- Fluorides MeSH
- Glucose MeSH
- Blood Preservation MeSH
- Blood Glucose MeSH
- Blood Transfusion MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Východisko. Koncentrace hořčíku v moči odráží jeho příjem z potravinových zdrojů. Hlavním regulačním mechanismem homeostázy hořčíku je ledvinový filtračně-reabsorpční proces. Nejsou dosud známy referenční hodnoty koncentrace hořčíku v moči pro normální populaci v závislosti na věku a pohlaví. Zaměřili jsme se proto na sledování této problematiky u náhodně vybraného vzorku 1-93letých osob obojího pohlaví. Krom magneziurie jsme stanovili také kreatininurii. Metody a výsledky. Výběr 2715 osob ve věku jednoho až devadesáti tří let obojího pohlaví byl proveden metodou náhodného výběru. Vzhledem k tomu, že jsme nezjistili statisticky významný rozdíl v koncentraci hořčíku a krea- tininu v moči mezi muži a ženami, obsahují jednotlivé skupiny jedince obojího pohlaví. Celý soubor je rozdělen na věkové skupiny následně: děti 1 rok (n = 24), 2 roky (n = 15), 4 roky (n = 18), 6 let (n = 378), 10 let (n = 424), 13 let (n = 416) a dospělí jedinci na skupiny 18-35 let (n = 396), 36-49 let (n = 482), 50-65 let (n = 453), 66-75 let (n = 53), 76-85 let (n = 42), 86-93 let (n = 14). V ranní moči po dvanáctihodinovém hladovění jsme stanovili koncentraci hořčíku a kreatininu na přístroji Merck Vitalab Eclipse. Koncentrace hořčíku v moči stoupá z 3,37 ± 0,28 mmol/l v 1 roce k vrcholu 6,64 ± 0,58 mmol/l (p < 0,001) ve 4 letech, a od tohoto věku plynule klesá do 93 let na hodnotu 2,35 ± 0,17 mmol/l (p < 0,001). Koncentrace kreatininu v moči stoupá z hodnoty 2,47 ± 0,30 mmol/l ve věku jednoho roku na hodnotu 15,33 ± 0,36 mmol/l (p < 0,001) ve věkové skupině 18-35letých osob a dále klesá s věkem do 93 let na hodnotu 6,23 ± 0,99 mmol/l (p < 0,001). Poměr močového hořčíku/kreatininu je nejvyšší ve věku 2 let 1,98 ± 0,32 a plynule klesá do věku 66-75 let na hodnotu 0,41 ± 0,15 (p < 0,001). Závěry. Při hodnocení močové koncentrace hořčíku, jako ukazatele dostatečného zásobení organismu tímto iontem, a také při různých metabolických studiích je nezbytné brát v úvahu věk pacienta. Poměr močového hořčíku/kreatininu nezvýší výpovědní hodnotu.
Background. The concentration of magnesium in urine reflects its intake from food resources. The main regulatory mechanism of magnesium homeostasis is the kidney filtration-absorption process. So far the reference values are not known of the magnesium concentration in urine in dependence on age and sex for the normal population. Therefore, we focused on investigating these problems in a randomly selected sample of persons of both sexes, aged 1-93 years. Beside magnesiuria we also assessed creatininuria. Methods and Results. The selection of 2715 persons of both sexes aged from one to ninety three years was made by the random selection method. As we have found no statistically significant difference between men and women as regards concentrations of magnesium and creatinine in urine, the evaluated groups include persons of both sexes. The whole is divided into age groups as follows: children 1 year (n = 24), 2 years (n = 15), 4 years (n = 18), 6 years (n = 378), 10 years (n = 424), 13 years (n = 416), and adults 18-35 years (n = 396), 36-49 years (n = 482), 50-65 years (n = 453), 66-75 years (n = 53), 76-85 years (n = 42), 86-93 years (n = 14). In the morning urine after twelve-hour fasting we determined the concentration of magnesium and creatinine be using Merck Vitalab Eclipse apparatus. The concentration of magnesium in urine rises from 3.37 ± 0.28 mmol/l at 1 year to the top value 6.64 ± 0.58 mmol/l (p < 0.001) at 4 years, and since this age it is continuously dwindling to the value 2.35 ± 0.17 mmol/l (p < 0.001) at the age of 93 years. The creatinine concentration in urine rises from 2.47 ± 0.30 mmol/l at the age of one year to 15.33 ± 0.36 mmol/l (p < 0.001) in the age group 18-35 years, and further it goes down with age to the value 6.23 ± 0.99 mmol/l (p < 0.001) at 93 years. The highest ratio of the urine concentrations of magnesium and creatinine 1.98 ± 0.32 is at the age of 2 years, and then it is continuously subsiding to 0.41 ± 0.15 (p < 0.001) at the age range 66-75 years. Conclusions. When evaluating the magnesium concentration in urine as the index of a sufficient supply of organism with this ion, and also in various studies of metabolism, it is essential to consider the patient´s age. The ratio of concentrations in urine of magnesium and creatinine does not improve the meaningfulness of magnesium analysis.
Byly sledovány koncentrace směsné populace bakterií a hub ve vnitřním prostředí 12 domác- ností před vysáváním, v průběhu vysávání a po vysávání 4 novými a 2 starými typy vysavačů. Vysátý prach byl mikrobiologicky vyšetřen a stanovena jeho alergenicita Acarex testem. Nebyl prokázán vliv typu vysavače používaného v domácnosti na koncentraci mikroorganismů v ovzduší před vysáváním, v průběhu vysávání a po vysávání. Typem vysavače nebyla ovlivněna ani koncentrace směsné populace bakterií a hub ve vysátém prachu. Stanovení alergenicity prachu Acarex testem neprokázalo vztah mezi tímto stanovením a typem vysavačů používaných v domácnostech.
The concentrations of mixed populations of bacteria and fungi were investigated in indoor of 12 houses before, during and after vacuum cleaning. Two new brands of vacuum cleaners and four new ones were used in this study. Dust vacuum samples from carpeting were evaluated for microbiological analysis and the Acarex test was performed to establish dust mite allergens. The brand of vacuum cleaner used in houses did not influence the concentration of microorga- nisms in indoor climate before, during and after vacuum cleaning. The brand of vacuum cleaner had no effect on the concentration of the mixed population of bacteria and fungi in dust vacuum samples. The determination of dust mite allergens by the Acarex test was not in relation to the brand of vacuum cleaner used.
Elevated levels of pteridines can indicate the activation of cellular immune system by certain diseases. No work dealing with the simultaneous determination of urinary neopterin, biopterin and their reduced forms has been published. Therefore, a new SPE-UHPLC-FD method for the analysis of these compounds has been developed. The main emphasis was put on the stability of dihydroforms during the sample processing and storage. As a stabilizing agent, dithiothreitol, at various concentrations, and various pH values (3.8-9.8) of working solutions were tested. Chromatographic separation was performed under HILIC isocratic conditions on BEH Amide column. The method was linear for the calibration standard solutions in the range of 10-10,000 ng/ml (dihydroforms) and 0.5-1000 ng/ml (oxidized forms), and for real samples in the range of 25-1000 ng/ml (dihydroforms) and 1-100 ng/ml (oxidized forms). The development of a new SPE sample preparation method was carried out on different types of sorbents (based on a mixed-mode cation exchange, porous graphitic carbon and a polymer comprising hydrophilic and hydrophobic components). Final validation was performed on a MCAX SPE column. Method accuracy ranged from 76.9 to 121.9%. The intra- and inter-day precision did not exceed 10.7%. The method provided high sensitivity for the use in routine clinical measurements of urine (LLOQ 1 ng/ml for oxidized forms and 25 ng/ml for dihydroforms). Average concentrations of biopterin, neopterin, and dihydrobiopterin found in urine of healthy persons were related to the mol of creatinine (66.8, 142.3, and 257.3 μmol/mol of creatinine, respectively) which corresponded to the literature data. The concentration of dihydroneopterin obtained using our method was 98.8 μmol/mol of creatinine.
- MeSH
- Dithiothreitol pharmacology MeSH
- Solid Phase Extraction MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pteridines chemistry urine MeSH
- Drug Stability MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cíl práce: Zjistit, zda se mění koncentrace leptinu a solubilního leptinového receptoru (LEPR)v séru žen po bilaterální ovarektomii a zda existuje korelace mezi koncentracemi leptinu a LEPRs koncentracemi LH, FSH, 17 b-estradiolem a BMI před a po kastraci.Typ studie: Prospektivní klinická studie.Název a sídlo pracoviště: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha.Metodika: Do studie bylo zařazeno 10 normálně menstruujících žen ve fertilním věku. Odběry bylyprovedeny vždy ve folikulární fázi menstruačního cyklu a 5. den po bilaterální ovarektomii. Devíti ženám byla spolu s bilaterální ovarektomií provedena též hysterektomie. Byly stanovenyparametry: leptin, solubilní leptinový receptor, FSH, LH, 17 b-estradiol, BMI. Sérové koncentraceleptinu, solubilního leptinového receptoru byly zjišťovány pomocí komerčních kitů pro enzymoimunoanalýzu – ELISA. Sérové koncentrace FSH, LH a 17 b-estradiolu byly stanoveny pomocíkomerčních kitů pro radioimunoanalýzu.Výsledky: Neprokázali jsme statisticky významné změny v koncentraci leptinu (8,9 ± 5,5 vs 7 ± 5,6)a LEPR (16,2 ± 5,6 vs 20,9 ± 8,9) před a po chirurgické kastraci. Po operaci se podle očekávánívýznamně zvýšila koncentrace FSH a LH a naopak snížila koncentrace 17 b-estradiolu (p < 0,05).Pátý den po kastraci jsme zjistili pouze tendenci k poklesu koncentrace sérového leptinu a tendenci ke zvýšení koncentrace LEPR. Rozdíly nebyly statisticky významné. Kromě pozitivní korelace mezi koncentrací leptinu a BMI, jsme žádnou významnou korelaci mezi koncentracemileptinu a LEPR a ostatními sledovanými parametry v obou skupinách neprokázali.Závěr: Po operaci byla zjištěna tendence k poklesu koncentrace leptinu a zvýšení koncentraceLEPR v séru, která však nedosáhla statistické významnosti, na rozdíl od jiné publikované studieo této problematice. Hladiny 17 b-estradiolu 5. den po operaci signifikantně poklesly. HladinyFSH a LH se naopak po operaci signifikantně zvýšily, což je zcela v souladu s předpokládanýmiendokrinologickými změnami po ovarektomii.
Objective: To determine whether the blood concentrations of leptin and soluble leptin receptor(LEPR) hang in women after bilateral ovariectomy, and whether there is a relationship betweenthe concentrations of leptin, LEPR and LH, FSH and 17 b-estradiol before and after castration.Design: Prospective clinical study.Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles Universityand the General Faculty Hospital, Prague.Methods: 10 women of reproductive age (31–37 years) with a regular menstrual cycle were inclu-ded in the study. Blood samples were always taken during the follicular phase of the menstrualcycle and 5 days after bilateral ovariectomy. In 9 women, hysterectomy was performed with thebilateral ovariectomy. Evaluated parameters: leptin, soluble leptin receptor, FSH, LH, 17 b-estradiol and BMI. Serum soluble leptin receptor and leptin concentrations were determined usingcommercial ELISA kits. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and 17 b-estradiol were determinedusing commercial RIA kits.Results: We did not find any statistically significant changes in the concentration of leptin (8.9 ±5.5 vs 7 ± 5.6) and LEPR (16.2 ± 5.6 vs 20.9 ± 8.9) before and after surgical castration. After surgery,according to expectations, the concentration of LH and FSH significantly increased while theconcentration of 17 b-estradiol decreased (P < 0.05). Five days after surgical castration we foundonly a tendency toward decrease in the concentration of leptin and an increase in the LEPRconcentration. The differences were not statistically significant. Except for the positive correlation between leptin concentration and BMI, we did not find any statistically significant correlationbetween the concentrations of leptin and LEPR and any of the other evaluated parameters inboth groups.Conclusion: In our study, there was a significant decrease in 17 b-estradiol concentration fivedays after surgery. In contrast, the concentrations of FSH and LH significantly increased aftersurgery, which is in agreement with the expected endocrinological changes after ovariectomy.There was a tendency toward a decrease in serum concentrations of leptin and increase in serumconcentration of LEPR after surgery, but it was not statistically significant, which is in contrastto another study published regarding this topic.
Východisko. Negativní interference bilirubinu s měřením koncentrace kreatininu je z biochemického hlediska obecně známá. Cílem naší práce bylo zjistit, jak vysoké hladiny bilirubinu a při jakých koncentracích kreatininu má tento fenomén skutečný klinický význam. Metody a výsledky. U 200 náhodně vybraných vzorků jsme vyšetřili hladinu bilirubinu a kreatininu klasickou kinetickou Jaffé metodou a metodou, kde je vliv bilirubinu potlačen. Po rozdělení souboru na 8 podsouborů podle koncentrací bilirubinu a kreatininu jsme zjistili, že interference se statisticky významně uplatňuje (p < 0,01) již při koncentracích celkového bilirubinu nad 70 mmol . l -1. U abnormálních hladin kreatininu se interference projevuje až při koncentracích bilirubinu nad 150 mmol . l -1 , (p < 0,001). Stupeň interference v celém souboru je přímo úměrný hladině bilirubinu (r = 0,5497, p < 0,001). Závěry. Při hladinách bilirubinu nad 70 až 150 mmol . l -1 může být jeho interference s měřením koncentrace kreatininu natolik významná, že je třeba ji brát v úvahu pro posouzení renálních funkcí pacienta.
Background. Negative interference of bilirubin with assessment of creatinine concentration is generally known from the biochemical aspect. The objective of the presented work was to find the bilirubin level and creatinine concentration where this phenomenon has actually a clinical impact. Methods and Results. In 200 samples selected at random the bilirubin and creatinine levels were examined by the classical Jaffé method and a method where the effect of bilirubin is suppressed. After dividing the group into 8 sub-groups by bilirubin and creatinine concentrations it was revealed that the interference plays a statistically significant role (p < 0.01) already at total bilirubin concentrations above 70 mmol . l -1. In abnormal creatinine levels the interference is manifested only at bilirubin concentrations above 150 mmol . l -1 (p < 0.001). The degree of interference in the whole group is directly proportional to the bilirubin level (r = 0.5497, p < 0.001). Conclusions. At bilirubin levels above 70 to 150 mmol . l -1 its interference with assessment of the creatinine concentration can be so significant that it must be taken into account when evaluating the patient’s renal function.
- MeSH
- Bilirubin analysis MeSH
- Blood Chemical Analysis MeSH
- Biochemical Phenomena MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Creatinine analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Renal Insufficiency diagnosis blood MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
Východisko. Sledovali jsme dva rizikové faktory vzniku aterosklerózy: polymorfizmus v genu pro apolipoprotein E a plazmatickou koncentraci Lp(a) a jejich vzájemný vztah v České populaci. Soubory vyšetřovaných. Apo E polymorfizmus a hladiny Lp(a) byly změřeny u 109 mužů po infarktu myokardu. Dvě nezávislé kontrolní skupiny zahrnovaly 301 mužů pro měření apo E polymorfizmu a 112 mužů pro měření koncentrace Lp(a). Metody a výsledky. Polymorfizmus genu pro apo E byl stanovován pomocí PCR a restrikční analýzy PCR produktu. Koncentrace Lp(a) byla stanovována enzymaticky kitem firmy IMMUNO. Frekvence alel apo E ve skupině pacientů se významně nelišila od kontrolního vzorku české populace. Distribuce koncentrací Lp(a) byla u pacientů posunuta k vyšším hodnotám v porovnání s populačním vzorkem (p<0,0001). Nenalezli jsme žádný vzájemný vztah mezi koncentraci Lp(a) a apo E polymorfizmem. Závěry. Vysoká koncentrace Lp(a) představuje na apo E polymorfizmu nezávislý rizikový faktor infarktu myokardu v české populaci.
Background. We evaluated a two risk factors of atherosclerosis development, apolipoprotein E genotype and plasma level of Lp(a), and their association in Czech population. Patients and Controls. Apo E and Lp(a) have been determined in the group of 109 men with premature myocardial infarction and compared with the population samples (301 men for apo E polymorphism and 112 men for Lp(a) evaluation). Methods and Results. Apo E gene polymorphism was analysed by PCR with subsequent restriction analysis of the PCR product. Lp(a) concentration was measured enzymatically using the IMMUNO set. The frequency of alleles of apo E genotype in myocardial infarction patients did not significantly differ from that found in the control group. The distribution of the Lp(a) concentrations in MI patients was shifted to higher levels than in population sample (p<0.0001). Conclusions. We have not found correlation between this two risk factors of myocardial infarction. High concentration of Lp(a) is on apo E polymorphism independent risk factor of development of myocardial infarction.
OBJECTIVE: Alcohol abuse is related to a wide variety of negative health outcomes including mortality in older people. Alcohol abuse in older people is characterised by certain specific features uncommon in general adult population. The main objective of this study was to analyse the autopsy protocols of deceased older people in relation to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), sex, age, and manner of death. As a positive BAC, >0.20 g/kg was accepted. METHODS: The sample consists of 1,012 deceased older people (i.e. aged 65 years and over) selected out of 2,377 autopsied subjects in the period from 2003–2013. Subjects included into the sample were chosen via the proportional sampling method. Data (BAC, sex, age, and manner of death) was recorded in a single structured protocol. Data was evaluated statistically (Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test, Wilcoxon two-sample test, risk ratio). RESULTS: Among older people, there has been a statistically significant correlation of natural death with sex (men died earlier) and with increased BAC (people with positive BAC died earlier). In case of violent death there is a difference in the types of accidents in older people with positive BAC (>0.2 g/kg) and with negative BAC (≤0.2 g/kg). Drowning is more common in older people with positive BAC. CONCLUSIONS: Health campaigns in Europe and the Czech Republic aimed at reducing alcohol consumption mainly deal with young people. Alcohol abuse has an impact on premature mortality even in older people. As shown by this study, older people with positive BAC die significantly earlier.
- MeSH
- Alcoholism mortality MeSH
- Geriatric Assessment statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Blood Alcohol Content * MeSH
- Cause of Death * MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic epidemiology MeSH
This study presents a timely, reliable, and sensitive method for identification of pathogenic bacteria in clinical samples based on a combination of capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In this respect, a part of a single-piece fused silica capillary was etched with supercritical water with the aim of using it for static or dynamic cell-surface adhesion from tens of microliter sample volumes. The conditions for this procedure were optimized. Adhered cells of Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant) and of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were desorbed and preconcentrated from the rough part of the capillary surface using transient isotachophoretic stacking from a high conductivity model matrix. The charged cells were swep and separated again in micellar electrokinetic chromatography using a nonionogenic surfactant. Static adhesion of the cells onto the roughened part of the capillary is certainly volumetric limited. Dynamic adhesion allows the concentration of bacteria from 100 μL volumes of physiological saline solution, bovine serum, or human blood with the limits of detection at 1.8 × 102, 1.7 × 103, and 1.0 × 103 cells mL-1, respectively. The limits of detection were the same for all three examined bacterial strains. The recovery of the method was about 83% and it was independent of the sample matrix. A combination of capillary electrophoresis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry required at least 4 × 103 cells mL-1 to obtain reliable results. The calibration plots were linear (R2 = 0.99) and the relative standard deviations of the peak area were at most 2.2%. The adhered bacteria, either individual or in a mixture, were online analyzed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography and then collected from the capillary and off-line analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry without interfering matrix components.
- MeSH
- Bacteria isolation & purification MeSH
- Bacterial Adhesion MeSH
- Bacteriological Techniques MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods MeSH
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MeSH
- Micelles MeSH
- Silicon Dioxide chemistry MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification MeSH
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization methods MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
