• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• politické systémy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky využití   MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma metody   využití   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Clopidogrel associated with aspirin is the recommended treatment for patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although severe PCI-related events are rare, evidence suggests that PCI-related myocardial infarction and myocardial injury are frequent complications that can impact the clinical prognosis of the patients. Antiplatelet therapy with a potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitor such as ticagrelor may reduce periprocedural ischemic complications while maintaining a similar safety profile as compared with conventional dual antiplatelet therapy by aspirin and clopidogrel in this setting. METHODS: Assessment of Loading with the P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor or clopidogrel to Halt ischemic Events in patients Undergoing elective coronary Stenting (ALPHEUS) (NCT02617290) is an international, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label study in patients with stable coronary artery disease who are planned for an elective PCI. In total, 1,900 patients will be randomized before a planned PCI to a loading dose of ticagrelor 180 mg or a loading dose of clopidogrel (300 or 600 mg) in addition to aspirin. Patients will then receive a dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for 30 days. The primary ischemic end point is PCI-related myocardial infarction (myocardial infarction type 4a or 4b) or major myocardial injury within 48 hours (or at hospital discharge if earlier) after elective PCI/stent. Safety will be evaluated by major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 or 5) at 48 hours (or discharge if it occurs earlier). CONCLUSION: ALPHEUS is the first properly sized trial comparing ticagrelor to clopidogrel in the setting of elective PCI and is especially designed to show a reduction in periprocedural events, a surrogate end point for mortality.

• MeSH
• antagonisté purinergních receptorů P2Y terapeutické užití   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klopidogrel terapeutické užití   MeSH
• koronární angiografie MeSH
• koronární angioplastika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• koronární nemoc terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tiklopidin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation induces changes in intrapleural, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressure. These changes have various implications on cardiac output (CO). AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring changes in CO after elective extubation in neonates using the principle of transthoracic bioreactance (TBR). STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective observational cohort study in a level III neonatal centre. CO, stroke volume (SV) and heart rate were measured continuously for 2 h before and 2 h after elective extubation by TBR. SUBJECTS: Neonates undergoing elective extubation were eligible for enrolment. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome of the study was change in CO post elective extubation. RESULTS: Ten neonates were enrolled, seven (70 %) had a statistically significant decrease in CO after extubation, three (30 %) infants had a statistically significant increase in CO after extubation. Changes in CO were primarily driven by changes in SV and the pattern of change was related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) status prior to extubation. CONCLUSION: Extubation significantly influences CO in neonatal patients and the pattern of change appears to be related to PDA status.

• MeSH
• extubace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minutový srdeční výdej fyziologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• otevřená tepenná dučej * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY In this pilot study, gait analysis was performed before and after training with a 3D pedal system (BIUS1), in order to clarify whether these differences are detectable by gait analysis after a short period of training. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two female and three male subjects were included in a prospective case-control pilot study. The patient and training characteristics were determined. Objective measurement data of the gait were obtained by using a three-dimensional motion analysis system with six infrared cameras and three force plates before and after training with the 3D pedal system. RESULTS The mean age was 36.7 ± 8.7 years and the subjects had a BMI of 21.8 ± 2.4 kg/m 2 . The training time per year was an average of 36.0 ± 11.2 days, with a training workload of 511.4 ± 36.7 km. For time-distance parameters, improvements for the left and right side were obtained for cadence and cycle time after training. In total, there was a reduction in hip abduction angle, and an increase in hip inward rotation, knee outward rotation, and range of the frontal knee angle. CONCLUSIONS Changes in parameters in the gait analysis after a short training interval demonstrate that a 3D pedal system is suitable to produce changes in the gait pattern detectable by gait analysis. Training effects on the supposedly weaker left side can be explained after a brief application of the BIUS1 system. Key words:cycle training, 3D pedal system, gait analysis.

• MeSH
• analýza chůze metody   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• design s pomocí počítače MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolenní kloub patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• plyometrická cvičení metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Bronchogenní karcinom patří zejména u mužů k jednomu z nejčastějších onkologických onemocnění v ČR. Příznaky nemoci či vedlejší účinky léčby mohou snižovat kvalitu života nemocných. Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit kvalitu života pacientů s karcinomem plic před a po léčbě chemoterapií. Dále pak zjistit, zda ovlivňuje pohlaví pacienta vnímání kvality života před podáním léčby a po léčbě. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 103 pacientů ve věku 40–80 let. Ke sběru dat byl použit standardizovaný dotazník pro měření kvality života onkologických pacientů EORTC QLQ-C30 a QLQ-LC13 v české verzi. Pacienti před léčbou nejhůře hodnotili celkové hodnocení kvality života a zdraví a rolovou funkci. Jako zatěžující symptomy uvedli únavu, dušnost, nespavost, bolest, nechutenství, kašel a bolesti paže. Muži pociťovali více než ženy větší zátěž téměř ve všech měřených symptomech před léčbou i po léčbě. Po léčbě chemoterapií nedošlo v kvalitě života u pacientů k výrazným změnám. Mírné zlepšení kvality života uvedli respondenti pouze v oblasti fyzických funkcí. V symptomatické škále se po chemoterapii významně snížily problémy s dušností. Naopak se po chemoterapii mírně zvýšily problémy s průjmem, vypadávání vlasů, bolestivá ústa a periferní neuropatie (pouze u mužů). Symptomy, které pacienti uvedou při měření kvality života jako zatěžující, by se měly stát předmětem lékařských i ošetřovatelských intervencí.

Bronchogenic carcinoma belongs to one of the most frequent oncological diseases in the Czech Republic, particularly in men. Symptoms of the disease or side effects of the therapy can reduce the quality of life of patients. The target of the research was to determine the quality of life of patients with lung carcinoma before and after the chemotherapy. The further purpose was to find effects of the patient gender on perceiving the quality of life before and after the therapy. The sample group included 103 patients aged 40 to 80 years. For the data accumulation, Czech versions of standardized EORTC questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 for the measurement of the quality of life of oncological patients were used. Before the therapy, the patients reported the most negative assessment of the general quality of life and health and role function. They mentioned the following stress symptoms: fatigue, dyspnoea, sleeplessness, pains, anorexia, cough and pains in arms. Men perceived more considerable load in almost all the symptoms measured before as well as after the treatment compared to women. After the treatment by chemotherapy, there were no considerable changes in the patient quality of life. Respondents reported an only slight improvement of the quality of life in the field of physical functions. In the symptomatic scale, problems with dyspnoea were significantly reduced. In contrast, after chemotherapy, there were mild increases in problems with diarrhoea, alopecia, painful mouth and peripheral neuropathy (in men only). Symptoms reported by patients in the quality of life measurement as loading should be subjected to medical as well as nursing interventions.

• Klíčová slova
• symptom, chemoterapie,
• MeSH
• bolest epidemiologie   MeSH
• bronchogenní karcinom farmakoterapie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyspnoe epidemiologie   MeSH
• kašel epidemiologie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• nádory plic farmakoterapie   MeSH
• paliativní péče MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• únava epidemiologie   MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) during the school day is crucial for the health and well-being of adolescents. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth PA patterns to better understand these changes and to provide guidelines for school programming. METHODS: Differences in PA within specific segments of the school day were examined before and after the pandemic using the Youth Activity Profile questionnaire. Participants included 956 boys and 1,317 girls from 21 high schools. The study involved 12 Czech and 9 Polish high schools before the pandemic and 9 Czech and 8 Polish high schools after the pandemic. RESULTS: Both Czech and Polish boys and girls exhibited significantly less transportation PA to and from school and reduced PA during the school day after the pandemic compared to before. Additionally, Czech and Polish boys were significantly less physically active during school breaks, and Czech boys and girls had notably less PA during physical education lessons. The pandemic disrupted the habit of regular PA on school days, particularly evident in the decline of PA to and from school. CONCLUSION: The study confirms a significant difference in PA of Czech and Polish adolescents in various segments of the school day after students return to school following pandemic restrictions. Promoting achievement of the recommendations in the segments of the school day and in comprehensive school PA programs should be an important part of school health and education policy and public health promotion for adolescents.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• studenti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Polsko MeSH

Úvod: Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou hodnocení kvality života pacientů s artrózou kolenního kloubu. Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zjistit kvalitu života pacientů těsně před implantací a tři měsíce po implantaci totální endoprotézy kolenního kloubu. Metoda a materiál: Využit byl dotazník Item Short Form (SF36) Health Survey. Sledování probíhalo u 90 pacientů při přijetí na ortopedickém oddělení k implantaci totální endoprotézy a tři měsíce po implantaci v ortopedické ambulanci nemocnice krajského typu. Výsledky: Výsledky s nejnižším bodovým skóre před operací byly: doména bolest (31, 67), doména fyzické omezení rolí (34, 44) a doména vitalita (49, 11). Po operaci měly nejnižší bodové skóre: vitalita (66, 22), všeobecné vnímání vlastního zdraví (72, 67) a fyzické omezení rolí (74, 44). Diskuze: K největší změně ve výsledcích 3 měsíce po implantaci totální endoprotézy došlo v doméně bolest, fyzické omezení rolí a v doméně fyzické funkce. Ve většině domén se respondenti přiblížili evropské normě dotazníku, v doménách emoční omezení rolí, sociální funkce, bolest a všeobecné vnímání vlastního zdraví dosáhli dokonce vyšších hodnot.

Introduction: This article deals with the evaluation of the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. The objective of the study was to determine the patients' quality of life just prior to a total knee arthroplasty and three months after the surgery. Methods and materials: The Item Short Form (SF36) Health Survey questionnaire was used in the study. Ninety (90) patients were questioned during the admittance process to an orthopaedic department and three months after implantation during a medical examination at the orthopaedic clinic. Results: The lowest score before surgery was Bodily Pain (31, 67) followed by Role-Physical (34, 44) and Vitality (49, 11). The lowest score after the operation was Vitality (66, 22) followed by General Health (72, 67) and Role-Physical (74, 44). Discussion: The most significant changes in results at 3 months after implantation of total prosthesis occurred in Bodily pain, Role-Physical and Physical functioning. The results are close to the European standard in most domains. Even higher numbers were achieved in Role-Emotional, Social Functioning, Bodily Pain and General Health domains.

• MeSH
• artróza kolenních kloubů * chirurgie   psychologie   MeSH
• bolest etiologie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků pacienta MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kvalita života * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

Aim: The study sought the answer to the question whether the psychological profile of patients after orthognathic surgery changed. Using a structured questionnaire, we measured the change in self-confidence and extroversion, and assessed the relationship between the change and the patients’ sex and age. We also assessed the most often cited pros and cons of orthognathic surgeries. The respondents also informed about whether they would undergo the surgery again. Material and method: The study follows from the study of MDDr. Borunská (2015) who used a questionnaire to assess the differences in self-confidence in patients without any therapy/ with orthodontic therapy/ after orthognathic surgery. In our study we worked with the sample of patients indicated for orthognathic surgery. The original sample included 88 patients who filled in the questionnaire of MDDr. Borunská 4 years ago. 30 patients underwent orthognathic surgery and 21 of them agreed to take part in our study. They were repeatedly sent the structured questionnaire, and the resulting scores of different values of the Rosenberg self-esteem test (change in self-esteem) and the NEO test (change in extroversion) were compared. Results: The comparison of difference in the Rosenberg test before and after surgery did not show significant change in the score. The comparison of the NEO test (extraversion values) proved statistically significant decrease of values. We also assessed the potential relationship between results of the Rosenberg and the NEO tests and patients’ sex. The comparison proved only decreased values in women. We also studied the correlation between the patients’ age and change of self-esteem. Statistically significant increase in values was found only in extroversion – the older the patient the higher value of extroversion. The most often cited cons of the surgery were postoperative pain (7 patients), numbness of chin and lower lip (6), liquid food and diet following the surgery (4), postoperative oedema (2). The most often cited benefits included appearance (including face profile) (12 patients), better occlusion (7), higher self-esteem (5), better socialization (2). 18 respondents would undergo the surgery again, 3 would not. Conclusion: There were not statistically significant changes in the respondents’ self-esteem. The relationship between patients’ selfesteem and their age was not statistically proved. In case of extroversion we can see the trend – the older the patients the more extrovert they are. The relationship between the change in self-esteem and the patients’ sex was not proved. The only statistically significant difference was found for the values of extraversion in women (the extraversion decreased after the surgery). The pros of orthognathic surgery: improved appearance (including face profile) (55% of respondents), improved occlusion (33%), increased self-esteem (24%), better social life and establishing relationships (10%). The cons of orthognathic surgery: postoperative pain (33%), numbness of chin and lower lip (29%), postoperative discomfort when eating (19%), and postoperative oedema (10%). 86% of the patients would undergo the surgery again, 14% would not. Statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and the most frequently reported pros and cons of orthognathic surgeries was not proved.

• MeSH
• extraverze (psychologie) MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortognátní chirurgické výkony * psychologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• spokojenost pacientů statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: For patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a special intraocular lens implantation partially compensates for the loss in the central part of the visual field. For six months, we evaluated changes in neurophysiological parameters in patients implanted with a "Scharioth macula lens" (SML; a center near high add + 10 D and peripheral plano carrier bifocal lens designed to be located between the iris and an artificial lens). METHODS: Fourteen patients (5 M, 9 F, 63-87 years) with dry AMD were examined prior to and at 3 days after, as well as 1, 2, and 6 months after, implantation using pattern-reversal, motion-onset, and cognitive evoked potentials, psychophysical tests evaluating distant and near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: Near visual acuity without an external aid was significantly better six months after implantation than before implantation (Jaeger table median (lower; upper quartile): 4 (1; 6) vs. 15 (13; 17)). Distant visual acuity was significantly altered between the pre- (0.7 (0.5; 0.8) logMAR) and last postimplantation visits (0.8 (0.7; 0.8) logMAR), which matched prolongation of the P100 peak time (147 (135; 151) ms vs. 161 (141; 166) ms) of 15 arc min pattern-reversal VEPs and N2 peak time (191.5 (186.5; 214.5) ms vs. 205 (187; 218) ms) of peripheral motion-onset VEPs. CONCLUSION: SML implantation significantly improved near vision. We also observed a slight but significant decrease in distant and peripheral vision. The most efficient electrophysiological approach to test patients with SML was the peripheral motion-onset stimulation, which evoked repeatable and readable VEPs.

• MeSH
• elektroretinografie MeSH
• implantace nitrooční čočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makulární degenerace * MeSH
• nitrooční čočky * MeSH
• zraková ostrost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) substantially contributes to mortality in bleeding trauma patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to administer fibrinogen concentrate in the prehospital setting to improve blood clot stability in trauma patients bleeding or presumed to bleed. DESIGN: A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, international clinical trial. SETTING: This emergency care trial was conducted in 12 Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) and Emergency Doctors' vehicles (NEF or NAW) and four trauma centres in Austria, Germany and Czech Republic between 2011 and 2015. PATIENTS: A total of 53 evaluable trauma patients aged at least 18 years with major bleeding and in need of volume therapy were included, of whom 28 received fibrinogen concentrate and 25 received placebo. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were allocated to receive either fibrinogen concentrate or placebo prehospital at the scene or during transportation to the study centre. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was the assessment of clot stability as reflected by maximum clot firmness in the FIBTEM assay (FIBTEM MCF) before and after administration of the study drug. RESULTS: Median FIBTEM MCF decreased in the placebo group between baseline (before administration of study treatment) and admission to the Emergency Department, from a median of 12.5 [IQR 10.5 to 14] mm to 11 [9.5 to 13] mm (P = 0.0226), but increased in the FC Group from 13 [11 to 15] mm to 15 [13.5 to 17] mm (P = 0.0062). The median between-group difference in the change in FIBTEM MCF was 5 [3 to 7] mm (P < 0.0001). Median fibrinogen plasma concentrations in the fibrinogen concentrate Group were kept above the recommended critical threshold of 2.0 g l-1 throughout the observation period. CONCLUSION: Early fibrinogen concentrate administration is feasible in the complex and time-sensitive environment of prehospital trauma care. It protects against early fibrinogen depletion, and promotes rapid blood clot initiation and clot stability. TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBERS: EudraCT: 2010-022923-31 and ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01475344.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibrinogen * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• urgentní zdravotnické služby * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH