cox analysis
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COX-2 specifické inhibitory byly vyvinuty ve snaze snížit výskyt nežádoucích vedlejších úího traktu pekávaným výsledkem jedné ze studií, která byla primárndoucích úýšený výskyt kardiovaskulárních pání s pacienty lého infarktu myokardu. O pasnjším jeví kardioprotektivní vliv naproxenu, který byl prokázán. Diskutuje se i otázka možného protektivního vlivu COX-2 selektivních inhibitorkardiovaskulárních příhod v souvislosti se známým protizánětlivým vlivem COX-2 selektivních inhibitorů. Metaanalýza studií provedených s meloxikamem neprokazuje zvýšení výskytu tromboembolických příhod v souvislosti s léčbou tímto COX-2 selektivním inhibitorem. Výsledky studie NUT-2 dokonce naznačují možný příznivý vliv meloxikamu na kardiovaskulární aterosklerotické příhody.
COX-2 selective inhibitors have been developed with intention to decrease an incidence of undesirable side effects in gastrointestinal tract with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects maintained. One of studies, focused primarily to gastrointestinal undesirable effects detection (VIGOR), showed unexpected outcome - unpredicted elevation of cardiovascular attacks in patients treated with 50 mg of rofecoxib, compared to those with 2 × 500 mg of naproxen, particularly an incidence of minor (not fatal) myocardial infarction. The ground is a matter of debate, either cardioprotective effect of naproxen or prothrombotic effect of rofecoxib are possible. Presently a cardioprotective effect of naproxen, which has been proved, seems to be more likely. Question of possible protective effect of COX-2 selective inhibitors in prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular attacks is also being discussed in connection with their known anti-inflammatory effect. Meta-analysis of studies with meloxicam does not show increased incidence in thromboembolism connected to treatment with this COX-2 selective inhibitor. NUT-2 study shows even possible favourable action of meloxicam to cardiovascular atherosclerotic attacks.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antirevmatika antagonisté a inhibitory škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- arterioskleróza patologie MeSH
- farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- kardiovaskulární systém účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- tromboembolie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- MELOCIKAM, NIMELISUD,
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dvanáctníkové vředy prevence a kontrola MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt účinky léků MeSH
- inhibitory cyklooxygenasy metabolismus MeSH
- misoprostol aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- nabumeton MeSH
- peptický vřed prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
... Contents -- Preface vii Acknowledgments xi -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Survival Analysis 1 Introduction ... ... Detailed Outline 83 Practice Exercises 87 Test 91 Answers to Practice Exercises 93 -- Chapter 3 The Cox ... ... Outline 188 Practice Exercises 191 Test 194 Answers to Practice Exercises 197 -- Chapter 5 The Stratified Cox ... ... 228 Practice Exercises 231 Test 234 Answers to Practice Exercises 237 -- Chapter 6 Extension of the Cox ... ... Practice Exercises 408 Test 412 -- Answers to Practice Exercises 422 -- Competing Risks Survival Analysis ...
Statistics for biology and health
3. ed. xv, 700 s. : il.
- Klíčová slova
- analýza přežívání,
- MeSH
- biometrie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Konspekt
- Statistika
- NLK Obory
- lékařství
- statistika
Survival analysis is commonly conducted in medical and public health research to assess the association of an exposure or intervention with a hard end outcome such as mortality. The Cox (proportional hazards) regression model is probably the most popular statistical tool used in this context. However, when the exposure includes compositional covariables (that is, variables representing a relative makeup such as a nutritional or physical activity behaviour composition), some basic assumptions of the Cox regression model and associated significance tests are violated. Compositional variables involve an intrinsic interplay between one another which precludes results and conclusions based on considering them in isolation as is ordinarily done. In this work, we introduce a formulation of the Cox regression model in terms of log-ratio coordinates which suitably deals with the constraints of compositional covariates, facilitates the use of common statistical inference methods, and allows for scientifically meaningful interpretations. We illustrate its practical application to a public health problem: the estimation of the mortality hazard associated with the composition of daily activity behaviour (physical activity, sitting time and sleep) using data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
... Exploring Longitudinal Data on Change 16 -- 2.1 Creating a Longitudinal Data Set 17 -- 2.2 Descriptive Analysis ... ... II -- 9 A Framework for Investigating Event Occurrence 305 -- 9.1 Should You Conduct a Survival Analysis ... ... 451 -- 12.6 The No Unobserved Heterogeneity Assumption: No Simple Solution 461 -- 12.7 Residual Analysis ... ... ContinuoiLS-Time Survivor, Cumulative Hazard, and Kernel-Smoothed Hazard Functions 497 -- ¦4 Fitting Cox ... ... Regression Model to Data 516 -- 14.3 Interpreting the Results of Fitting the Cox Regression Model to ...
xx, 644 s. : il, tab. ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- sociální vědy metody MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sociologie
- NLK Obory
- sociologie
OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor suppressor p53 are molecules that are linked to the oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer. COX-2 represents a key modulatory molecule in inflammation and carcinogenesis, and is known to be implicated in the positive regulation of growth and tumorigenesis. Abnormal expression of p53 is common in many human neoplasms including pancreatic cancer. Recent studies demonstrated functional interactions between p53 and COX-2. The p53-dependent upregulation of COX-2 was proposed to be another mechanism by which p53 could abate its own growth-inhibitory and apoptotic effects. METHODS: In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of COX-2 and p53 in 95 pancreatic resection specimens [adenocarcinomas, 95 lesions; pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), 155; normal ducts, 70]. RESULTS: The expression of COX-2 increased progressively with the grade of ductal lesions (P<0.00001). A statistically significant difference of COX-2 expression between normal ducts and low-grade PanINs was revealed (P=0.0042). COX-2 overexpression was demonstrated in 82 PanINs (52.9%), and in 76 adenocarcinomas (80%). No significant correlation between the grade of adenocarcinoma and COX-2 expression was revealed (P=0.2). The expression of p53 again increased progressively with the grade of lesions (P<0.00001) with a significant increase in high-grade PanINs. A correlation between COX-2 and p53 expression levels in carcinomas was revealed (P=0.0002), and an accumulation of p53 was associated with COX-2 overexpression in premalignant and malignant ductal lesions. CONCLUSION: These findings confirmed the generally accepted pancreatic cancer progression model, and supported the concept of the interactive role of COX-2 and p53 in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis, which offers opportunities for targeted therapy and chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer using COX-2 inhibitors.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom metabolismus patologie MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duktální karcinom slinivky břišní metabolismus patologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 metabolismus MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní metabolismus patologie MeSH
- prekancerózy metabolismus patologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vývody pankreatu metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors can be employed as potential cardioprotective drugs. Moreover, COX-1 plays a key role in inflammatory processes and its activity is associated with some types of cancer. In this work, we designed and synthesized a set of compounds that structurally mimic the selective COX-1 inhibitors, SC-560 and mofezolac, the central cores of which were replaced either with triazole or benzene rings. The advantage of this approach is a relatively simple synthesis in comparison with the syntheses of parent compounds. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity toward COX-1 in the enzymatic in vitro assay. The most potent compound, 10a (IC50 = 3 nM for COX-1 and 850 nM for COX-2), was as active as SC-560 (IC50 = 2.4 nM for COX-1 and 470 nM for COX-2) toward COX-1 and it was even more selective. The in vitro COX-1 enzymatic activity was further confirmed in the cell-based whole-blood antiplatelet assay, where three out of four selected compounds (10a,c,d, and 3b) exerted outstanding IC50 values in the nanomolar range (9-252 nM). Moreover, docking simulations were performed to reveal key interactions within the COX-1 binding pocket. Furthermore, the toxicity of the selected compounds was tested using the normal human kidney HK-2 cell line.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní * farmakologie MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory cyklooxygenasy 2 * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Analýza přežití je soubor statistických metod, ve kterých je zkoumána doba do výskytu sledované události. V biomedicínských aplikacích takovou událostí může být např. výskyt primárního onemocnění nebo úmrtí pacienta. Charakteristickým jevem v analýze přežití je tzv. cenzorování a krácení dat, kdy pracujeme pouze s částečnou informací o přežití pacientů (např. sledování pacientů typicky skončí dřív, než všichni zemřou). Metody analýzy přežití slouží k odhadu rozdělení doby do výskytu sledované události resp. přežití pacienta, k určení rizikových faktorů, které ovlivňují délku přežití, a také k predikci času přežití v závislosti na přítomnosti rizikových faktorů. K rozvoji metod analýzy přežití přispívá také využití teorie čítacích procesů a martingalů. Jednorozměrné metody analýzy přežití nelze použít, jestliže není splněn předpoklad nezávislosti jednotlivých dob přežití. V takovém případě je nutné využít vícerozměrné metody, jako jsou např. vícestavové modely nebo modely náchylnosti.
The survival analysis is a set of statistical methods dealing with time-to-event data. In biomedical applications the event of interest is usually relapse of the disease or death. A special feature of the survival analysis is censoring and truncation of data. When censoring or truncation occurs some information about the patients' survival is lost, e.g. some patients are lost to follow-up or the study ends before all the patients die. The survival analysis methods are used for estimation of the survival time distribution, for identification of risk factors that affect the survival time, and also for predicting the survival time when risk factors are present. Survival analysis methods have been further developed by the means of counting processes and martingale theory. Univariate survival analysis methods have been extended to multivariate setting. The multivariate survival analysis covers the field where independence between survival times cannot be assumed. Multi-state models and frailty models represent the two main approaches of multivariate methods.
- Klíčová slova
- funkce přežití, riziková funkce, kumulativní riziková funkce, cenzorování, krácení, Kaplanova-Meierova funkce přežití, Nelsonova-Aalenova funkce rizika, Coxův model proporcionálních rizik, metoda parciální věrohodnosti, čítací proces, historie, martingal, konkurující rizika, vícestavové modely, modely náchylnosti,
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
To define the soil properties for a given area or country including the level of pollution, soil survey and inventory programs are essential tools. Soil data transformations enable the expression of the original data on a new scale, more suitable for data analysis. In the computer-aided interactive analysis of large data files of soil characteristics containing outliers, the diagnostic plots of the exploratory data analysis (EDA) often find that the sample distribution is systematically skewed or reject sample homogeneity. Under such circumstances the original data should be transformed. The Box-Cox transformation improves sample symmetry and stabilizes spread. The logarithmic plot of a profile likelihood function enables the optimum transformation parameter to be found. Here, a proposed procedure for data transformation in univariate data analysis is illustrated on a determination of cadmium content in the plough zone of agricultural soils. A typical soil pollution survey concerns the determination of the elements Be (16 544 values available), Cd (40 317 values), Co (22 176 values), Cr (40 318 values), Hg (32 344 values), Ni (34 989 values), Pb (40 344 values), V (20 373 values) and Zn (36 123 values) in large samples.
Aim: This paper focuses on the use of censored data in survival analysis. Survival analysis is used most frequentlyin the case of cancer patients when the study is fi nished and a number of individuals are still alive. The original articlecited2 was declared recently to be the most cited statistical study in the biomedical area. The goal of this paper is toexplain the basic principles and methods involved. The way survival analysis processes data and interprets outputs ispresented using the clinical data of oncological patients.Methods and Results: Survival analysis is used to estimate survivor function from survival data, to compare survivorfunctions and to assess the relationship of explanatory variables to survival time. These methods were applied to thedata of 176 patients with heamato-oncological diagnoses who had undergone bone marrow blood transplant.Conclusion: It is very important to use appropriate methods when processing statistical data. Standard statisticalprocedures used for incomplete data could not provide the correct estimation.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hematologické nádory diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- sběr dat metody využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH