lymph sampling
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Je podán standardní postup při odběru, transportu, fixaci, dalším zpracování a mikroskopickém vyšetření biopsií lymfatických uzlin. Je zdůrazněn význam dokonalého přehledně obarveného preparátu a dobře provedených imunohistochemických reakcí a důležitost druhého čtení pro přesnost histopatologické diagnózy.
A standard procedure of sampling, transportation, fixation and further processing for microscopical investigation of lymph node biopsies is presented. It points out the importance of a perfectly stained survey section and well done immunohistochemical reactions as well as of sense of the second opinion for precise histopathological diagnosis.
Podat přehled současných znalostí o významu detekce DNA HPV ve spádových lymfatických uzlinách u pacientek s karcinomem děložního hrdla. Typ studie: Literární přehled. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Gynekologicko – porodnická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha. Výsledky: Metastatické postižení lymfatických uzlin je nejdůležitější prognostický faktor u časných stadií karcinomu děložního hrdla. Přesto až u 20 % radikálně operovaných žen s histopatologicky negativními uzlinami dojde k recidivě onemocnění. Stanovení DNA HPV v lymfatických uzlinách by mohlo představovat marker jejich okultního postižení. Publikovaná data jsou však limitována zejména nejednotnou metodikou. Jen 3 práce byly prospektivní, využívající čerstvou či zmraženou tkáň, v ostatních případech byla DNA získávána retrospektivně z parafínových bločků. Byl popsán souhlas mezi incidencí DNA HPV a metastatickým postižením pánevních uzlin. Průkaz DNA HPV v histopatologicky negativních uzlinách byl v některých studiích spojen s vyšším rizikem recidivy onemocnění. Ačkoliv byla přítomnost DNA HPV 18 na malých souborech popsána jako prognosticky nepříznivý faktor, význam jednotlivých genotypů HPV pro prognózu zůstává stále nejasný. Závěr: Stanovení DNA HR HPV ve spádových lymfatických uzlinách by mohlo být dalším prognostickým faktorem u časných stádií karcinomu děložního hrdla. Naopak skupina pacientek s histopatologickou i DNA HR HPV negativitou lymfatických uzlin by mohla představovat kohortu s výjimečně dobrou prognózou.
Review recent knowledge concerning significance of detection of DNA HPV in regional lymph nodes in cervical cancer patients. TYPE OF THE STUDY: Literature review. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gyneacology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital, Prague. RESULTS: Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic parameter in early stages cervical cancer. Still, almost 20% of patients with negative pelvic nodes experience recurrence. Detection of HPV DNA in lymph nodes might be a marker of occult metastatic involvement. However, published data are limited, mostly due to inconsistent methodology. Only 3 prospective studies evaluating HPV from fresh or frozen tissue were published till now, all other retrospective studies extracted HPV DNA from paraffin embedded samples. A few papers showed correlation between HPV DNA and metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes. DNA HPV identification in histopatology-negative nodes was considered as a risk factor for recurrence. Presence of DNA HPV 18 in histopathology-negative pelvic nodes was described as a poor prognostic factor; however prognostic significance of individual genotype is still unclear. CONCLUSION: Detection of high risk HPV DNA in regional lymph nodes is a good candidate for prognostic parameter in early stages cervical cancers. The group of women with both absence of metastatic involvement and negative HPV DNA evaluation of regional lymph node should represent a cohort of patients with particularly good prognosis.
PURPOSE: Superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (SPION) were shown to be non-inferior to standard radioisotope tracer in breast cancer and may be used as an alternative to identify sentinel lymph nodes (SLN). The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) using SPION in prostate cancer and to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: Twenty patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer were prospectively enrolled in 2016. After intraprostatic injection of SPION, SLND using magnetometer was performed the following day. Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) was added as a reference standard test. The diagnostic performance of the test were evaluated, as well as the rate of in vivo detected SLN. Surgical times of SLND and ePLND were compared using paired two-sample t test. RESULTS: In total, 97 SLN were detected with median 5 (IQR 3-7) per patient. Non-diagnostic rate of the procedure was 5%. In total, 19 nodal metastases were found in 5 patients, of which 12 were located in SLN. The sensitivity per patient for the whole cohort was 80% and per node 56%. If only patients with at least one detected SLN were considered, the sensitivity per patient and per node reached 100 and 82%, respectively. A median of 20 LNs (IQR 18-22) were removed by subsequent ePLND. Surgical times of SLND and ePLND differed significantly, with medians of 17 and 39 min, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SLND with SPION is feasible and safe in prostate cancer and the diagnostic accuracy is comparable to the published results of radioguided procedures. In open surgery, SPION may be used as an alternative tracer with its main advantage being the lack of radiation hazard.
- MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie metody MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- magnetické nanočástice * MeSH
- nádory prostaty diagnóza sekundární MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů metody MeSH
- železité sloučeniny * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In the primary treatment of apparent uterine-confined endometrial carcinoma, pelvic ± para-aortic lymphadenectomy has been considered the standard of care. Although some retrospective data suggest that the sentinel lymph node algorithm without complete lymphadenectomy can be used without jeopardizing oncologic outcome, prospective data are lacking. PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To assess the 36 month incidence of pelvic/non-vaginal recurrence in women with pathologically confirmed stage I intermediate-risk endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who have bilateral negative pelvic sentinel lymph nodes. STUDY HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that patients with stage I, intermediate-risk endometrioid endometrial carcinoma who have bilateral negative pelvic sentinel lymph nodes will demonstrate a pelvic/non-vaginal recurrence rate comparable to historical estimate of stage I, intermediate-risk endometrioid endometrial carcinoma patients (estimated 2.5%). TRIAL DESIGN: This prospective multicenter single-arm observational study will follow women with stage I, intermediate risk endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma who have undergone successful hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsies, for recurrence. All patients will undergo lymphatic mapping using indocynanine green and will either receive no adjuvant treatment or vaginal brachytherapy only. Patients will be followed for 36 months. MAJOR INCLUSION/EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients will be enrolled in the study cohort if all the following criteria are met: (i) at time of surgery: hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy, and successful bilateral pelvic sentinel lymph node mapping; (ii) on final pathology: pathologic stage I, intermediate-risk endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (grade 1 or grade 2 with ≥50% myometrial invasion, or grade 3 with <50% myometrial invasion), negative pelvic peritoneal cytology, and bilateral sentinel lymph nodes negative for malignancy; (iii) recommended adjuvant treatment: vaginal brachytherapy or no adjuvant treatment. PRIMARY ENDPOINT: Incidence of pelvic/non-vaginal recurrence at 36 months. SAMPLE SIZE: 182 patients for study cohort ESTIMATED DATES FOR COMPLETING ACCRUAL AND PRESENTING RESULTS: Accrual will be completed in 2023 with results reported in 2026. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04291612.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom patologie MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru diagnóza MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy patologie MeSH
- nádory endometria patologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
INTRODUCTION: This work intends to present a systematic overview of data that have been published so far with regard to methods used for tissue sampling and DNA testing and with regard to the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in pelvic lymph nodes (LNs) and its prognostic significance. METHODS: The HPV DNA status of LN in women with cervical cancer is being explored as a potential marker of "occult" metastases. Although the presence of HPV DNA in LN usually correlates with its metastatic involvement, there is always a subgroup of HPV-positive but histologically negative LNs. RESULTS: The significance of HPV in negative LNs remains uncertain, although several studies have concluded that HPV is a risk factor of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: A small group size and a short follow-up are the main limitations for drawing any conclusion concerning prognostic significance of the presence of HPV DNA in LNs.
- MeSH
- Alphapapillomavirus genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA virů izolace a purifikace MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem diagnóza epidemiologie patologie virologie MeSH
- karcinom diagnóza epidemiologie patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny chemie metabolismus virologie MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku diagnóza epidemiologie patologie virologie MeSH
- pánev MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Quantification of microvessels in tumors is mostly based on counts of vessel profiles in tumor hot spots. Drawbacks of this method include low reproducibility and large interobserver variance, mainly as a result of individual differences in sampling of image fields for analysis. Our aim was to test an unbiased method for quantifying microvessels in healthy and tumorous lymph nodes of dogs. The endothelium of blood vessels was detected in paraffin sections by a combination of immunohistochemistry (von Willebrand factor) and lectin histochemistry (wheat germ agglutinin) in comparison with detection of basal laminae by laminin immunohistochemistry or silver impregnation. Systematic uniform random sampling of 50 image fields was performed during photo-documentation. An unbiased counting frame (area 113,600 microm(2)) was applied to each micrograph. The total area sampled from each node was 5.68 mm(2). Vessel profiles were counted according to stereological counting rules. Inter- and intraobserver variabilities were tested. The application of systematic uniform random sampling was compared with the counting of vessel profiles in hot spots. The unbiased estimate of the number of vessel profiles per unit area ranged from 100.5 +/- 44.0/mm(2) to 442.6 +/- 102.5/mm(2) in contrast to 264 +/- 72.2/mm(2) to 771.0 +/- 108.2/mm(2) in hot spots. The advantage of using systematic uniform random sampling is its reproducibility, with reasonable interobserver and low intraobserver variance. This method also allows for the possibility of using archival material, because staining quality is not limiting as it is for image analysis, and artifacts can easily be excluded. However, this method is comparatively time-consuming. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- MeSH
- barvení a značení MeSH
- biometrie metody MeSH
- cévní endotel MeSH
- cévy anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- nádory patologie MeSH
- patologie metody MeSH
- psi MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Ciele: Cytológie imprintov lymfatických uzlín sa dlhodobo vykonávajú na pracovisku autorov pre prípad potreby ďalšej diagnostiky, vyhodnotenia štádia („staging“) alebo začatia terapie pred získaním výsledku histologického vyšetrenia a prípadne ako materiál pre genetické vyšetrenie metódou FISH. Cieľom je zhodnotiť ich význam z hľadiska určenia správnej diagnózy. Metódy: Autori retrospektívne vyhľadali popisy cytológie lymfatických uzlín od apríla 2007 do júna 2018. Porovnali výsledky cytológie a histológie lymfatických uzlín, znovu hodnotili prípady s nesprávnym záverom, vyhľadali klinické postupy. Výsledky: Autori identifikovali 122 nálezov porovnateľných s histologickým vyšetrením. Pať imprintov bolo nereprezentatívnych. Celková senzitivita, špecificita, pozitívna a negatívna prediktívna hodnota a diagnostická správnosť boli 67, 69, 85, 44 a 67 %. Najnižšia senzitivita bola v prípade malobunkových non-Hodgkinových lymfómov – 36 %, v prípade ostatných malignít 77 %. V prípade sekundárnych metastáz nehematologických nádorov bola špecificita 100 %. Autori identifikovali 7 prípadov terapeutickej reakcie pred definitívnym výsledkom histológie, 5 v prípade správneho výsledku cytológie. Príčinou nesprávnej alebo nepresnej diagnostiky bola: podobnosť až zhodnosť monomorfnej infiltrácie bazofilnými vakuolizovanými blastami, často aj s prítomnosťou makrofágov pri rôznych blastických lymfómoch a metastázach, kohezívne zhluky nádorových buniek pri lymfómoch, podobnosť fyziologických a nádorových lymfocytov, podobnosť Hodgkinových a Sternberg-Reedovej buniek s bunkami non- -Hodgkinových lymfómov a metastáz, často v reaktívnom prostredí. Zmnoženie eozinofilov sa našlo len v 40 % Hodgkinových lymfómov. Záver: Až na absolútnu špecificitu cytologicky jednoznačnej metastatickej infiltrácie nemá cytológia absolútnu diagnostickú presnosť v identifikovaní typu malignity. Výsledok možno využiť pre včasné zahájenie stagingu. V nevyhnutnom prípade môže klinik využiť cytologický nález pred obdržaním výsledku histológie pre cielenejšie podanie cytoreduktívnej predfázy, pulzu kortikosteroidov, prípadne chemoterapie. Umožní to zvrátiť komplikácie z orgánového útlaku nádorom, ale aj predísť pri veľmi agresívnych nádoroch progresívnemu znižovaniu stavu výživy a výkonnosti, čo by mohlo obmedziť použitie intenzívnej protinádorovej liečby po stanovení definitívnej diagnózy.
Aims: Lymphatic node imprint cytology has been performed at the authors´ institution over a long period of time and has been used for further diagnosis, staging or starting treatment before histology is available as well as for fluorescent in-situ hybridization genetic testing. The aim of this study is to assess diagnostic reliability of cytology. Results: The authors analysed retrospectively 122 samples that could be compared with histology findings. Five imprints were not representative. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy were 67, 69, 85, 44 and 67% respectively. The lowest sensitivity of 36% was found in the group of low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with other malignancies demonstrating 77% sensitivity. Specificity for metastases of non-haematology tumours was 100%. The authors identified 7 cases where treatment was started before histology results were available, of which five cases had correct cytology results. The causes of incorrect diagnostics were: similar or identical monomorphic infiltration with basophilic vacuolised blasts often associated with macrophages in various blastic lymphomas and metastases; cohesive clumps of tumour cells in lymphomas; similarity of physiological and lymphoma lymphocytes; similarity of Hodgkin and Sternberg-Reed cells and cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and metastases, frequently with a reactive background population. Proliferation of eosinophils was found only in 40% of Hodgkin's lymphomas. Conclusion: Cytology does not have absolute diagnostic accuracy when determining the type of malignancy, except for an absolute specificity for unequivocal metastatic infiltration. Cytology results may be used for early staging. In the emergency setting, a clinician may use cytology results before histology findings are available for targeted cytoreductive treatment that can reverse tumour compression of organs or even prevent progressive malignant cachexia and worsening of overall patient performance status due to very aggressive tumours, which could limit intensive antineoplastic therapy once the diagnosis is definitive.
OBJECTIVE: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been increasingly used in the management of early-stage cervical cancer. It appears in guidelines as an alternative option to systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The evidence about safety is, however, based mostly on retrospective studies, in which SLN was combined with systematic lymphadenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SENTIX is a prospective multicenter trial aiming to prove that less-radical surgery with SLN is non-inferior to treatment with systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The primary end point is recurrence rate; the secondary end point is the prevalence of lower-leg lymphedema and symptomatic pelvic lymphocele. The reference recurrence rate was set up conservatively at 7% at 24 months after treatment. With a sample size of 300 patients treated per protocol, the trial is powered to detect a non-inferiority margin of 5% (90% power, p = 0.05) for recurrence rate, 30% reduction in the prevalence of symptomatic lymphocele or lower-leg lymphedema, with reference rates of 30% and 6% at 12 months (p = 0.025, Bonferroni correction). The patients eligible for SENTIX have stage IA1/LVSI+, IA2, IB1 (<2 cm for fertility sparing), with negative LN on pre-operative imaging. Intra-operatively, patients are excluded when there is a failure to detect SLN on both sides of the pelvis in cases of more advanced cancer (stage >IB1), or a positive intra-operative SLN assessment. The quality of SLN pathology evaluation will be assessed by central review. Three interim safety analyses are pre-planned when 30, 60, 150 patients complete 12 months' follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The first patient was enrolled into the study in June 2016 and, by June 2018, 340 patients had been enrolled. The first analysis of secondary outcomes should be available in 2019 and the oncological outcome of 300 patients at the end of 2021. The trial is registered as a CEEGOG trial (CEEGOG CX-01), ENGOT trial (ENGOT-Cx 2), and at the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT02494063).
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom patologie chirurgie MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hysterektomie mortalita MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- lymfadenektomie mortalita MeSH
- mezinárodní agentury MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku patologie chirurgie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina patologie chirurgie MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie chirurgie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes is the most important prognostic parameter in early-stage cervical cancer. Still, approximately 15% of patients with negative pelvic nodes experience recurrence, most of them in the pelvis. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in histologically negative pelvic nodes is considered a subclinical metastatic spread. METHODS: Patients with early-stage cervical cancer referred for surgical treatment were enrolled in the study. Cytobrush technique was used for sample collection from the fresh tissue to avoid any loss of material for histology. RESULTS: Altogether, 49 patients were enrolled in the study. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was identified in the tumor in 91.8% patients and in the sentinel node or other pelvic nodes in 49.9% patients. Among the 10 HR HPV genotypes detected, HPV 16 was the most frequently represented in both the tumor and the lymph nodes (66.7% and 71.4%, respectively). All metastatic lymph nodes were HR HPV positive. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HR HPV DNA in a sentinel node had a 100% positive predictive value for metastatic involvement of pelvic lymph nodes in our study. This could be considered a sign of an early subclinical metastatic spread; however, the prognostic value has to be evaluated through a longer follow-up.
- MeSH
- biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny MeSH
- cisplatina aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- DNA virů izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ifosfamid aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem patologie virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie virologie MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku farmakoterapie chirurgie patologie virologie MeSH
- neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
- Papillomaviridae genetika MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Introduction: In men with ≥pT1G2 cN0, penile cancer lymph node sampling is recommended with either (1) scintigraphically labelled Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy (DSLNB) or (2) modified inguinal lymph node dissection (MILND). Although DSLNB is a minimally invasive technique, the false negative rate can be about 10%, and a further operative procedure is required if positive. Open MILND is a diagnostic and therapeutic option but has a much higher morbidity. A potential compromise is the technique of LND-VEILND (video endoscopic inguinal LND) that can be combined with ICG florescence marking of sentinel lymph node (SLN). We present a pilot study of ICG-VEILND. The aim was to validate the applicability of a combination ICG marking of SLN in VEILND (to increase probability to excise SLN) and determine the optimal timing and dosage of ICG. Materials and Methods: 15 patients with VEILND (24 groins) underwent ICG application with fluorescence near-infrared (NIR 803⟶830 nm) detection. ICG is applied subcutaneously adjacent to the penile cancer or residual stump of penis or suprapubic region (in a history of total penectomy: 5 cases). The dose of 1.25 mg (ICG) was applied in one case with invisible SLN, the dose of 2.5 mg in 1 mL in 8 cases, and 5 mg in the remaining 6 patients (10 groins). Results: Failure of marking SLN with ICG occurred in 25.0% of cases (6/24): due to application of 1.25 mg ICG, extensive metastasis to SLN, in 4 cases, the cause was unknown (16.7%, 4/24). In the short follow-up period, no local recurrence was seen in the pN0 ICG group. Conclusion: Fluorescence infrared image with ICG dye increases the probability of removal of the SLN during VEILND. The dose of ICG is 2.5 (5) mg diluted in 1 ml and can be applied preoperatively even in the suprapubic region in men with a history of total penectomy, with an unexplainable failure of ICG marking in 16.7%.
- MeSH
- indokyanová zeleň MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfadenektomie metody MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- nádory penisu * diagnostické zobrazování patologie chirurgie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- sentinelová uzlina * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
