• Keywords
• Chirurgie, ortopedie, traumatologie,
• MeSH
• Neurosurgery MeSH

• NML Fields
• neurochirurgie

Seeing a person's mouth move for [ga] while hearing [ba] often results in the perception of "da." Such audiovisual integration of speech cues, known as the McGurk effect, is stable within but variable across individuals. When the visual or auditory cues are degraded, due to signal distortion or the perceiver's sensory impairment, reliance on cues via the impoverished modality decreases. This study tested whether cue-reliance adjustments due to exposure to reduced cue availability are persistent and transfer to subsequent perception of speech with all cues fully available. A McGurk experiment was administered at the beginning and after a month of mandatory face-mask wearing (enforced in Czechia during the 2020 pandemic). Responses to audio-visually incongruent stimuli were analyzed from 292 persons (ages 16-55), representing a cross-sectional sample, and 41 students (ages 19-27), representing a longitudinal sample. The extent to which the participants relied exclusively on visual cues was affected by testing time in interaction with age. After a month of reduced access to lipreading, reliance on visual cues (present at test) somewhat lowered for younger and increased for older persons. This implies that adults adapt their speech perception faculty to an altered environmental availability of multimodal cues, and that younger adults do so more efficiently. This finding demonstrates that besides sensory impairment or signal noise, which reduce cue availability and thus affect audio-visual cue reliance, having experienced a change in environmental conditions can modulate the perceiver's (otherwise relatively stable) general bias towards different modalities during speech communication.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 prevention & control   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Adaptation, Physiological physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Masks * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Lipreading * MeSH
• Speech Perception physiology   MeSH
• Cues * MeSH
• Facial Recognition physiology   MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus isolation & purification   MeSH
• Taste MeSH
• Smell MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Coronavirus Infections complications   diagnosis   virology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Taste Disorders etiology   virology   MeSH
• Olfaction Disorders etiology   virology   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Somatosensory Disorders etiology   virology   MeSH
• Pneumonia, Viral complications   diagnosis   virology   MeSH
• Self Report MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

OBJECTIVES: A combination of antidepressants with the cognitive-behavioural therapy showed effectiveness in treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder. This prospective study intended to establish how childhood adverse experiences, self-stigma, dissociation, and severity of psychopathology influence the effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder. METHODS: One hundred and ten patients were included into the study and one hundred five subjects finished the study. After admission, the subjects were assessed during the first two days of hospitalization. Rating scales were administered before the beginning of the cognitive behavioural therapy (measurement-1) and at the end of the treatment which was after six weeks (measurement-2). Patients with panic disorder were treated using a combination of group cognitive-behavioural therapy and antidepressants. The usual antidepressant dosage range was used. Before admission to intensive cognitive behavioural therapy program, the patients were unsuccessfully treated by antidepressants for minimum 3 months, which defined them as pharmacoresistant. RESULTS: Hospitalized pharmacoresistant patients with panic disorder improved significantly throughout the 6-week intensive CBT program in all measurements that assessed the overall severity of the disorder, the degree of general anxiety and depression and the severity of specific symptoms of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The rate of improvement was negatively related to sexual abuse in childhood, presence of comorbid personality disorder, and positively with the severity of the disorder at the beginning, and the level of self-stigma at the beginning of treatment. Improvement in symptoms correlates significantly with decreasing of dissociation during the treatment.severity of depressive symptoms. The earlier development of the disorder is linked to higher score in childhood adverse events, higher level of dissociation and pathological dissociation, and higher level of self-stigma. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study discovers importance of the role of adverse childhood experiences, self-stigma, dissociation and comorbid personality disorder in effectiveness of combined cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy treatment in patients with treatment-resistant panic disorder.

• MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Dissociative Disorders complications   epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hospitalization statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Inpatients MeSH
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy * MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Drug Resistance * physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Adverse Childhood Experiences * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Panic Disorder diagnosis   epidemiology   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Personality Disorders epidemiology   therapy   MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Social Stigma MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Child Development physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH

Selektivita/extrémní selektivita při příjmu potravy u dětí a odmítání dětí přijímat potravu patří do spektra obtíží při příjmu potravy obvykle označovaných termínem funkční dysfagie. Charakteristické pro tyto děti je, že odmítají přijímat známé pokrmy, zkoušet nové pokrmy, mají silné preference při výběru pokrmů či zcela odmítají přijímat potravu. V odborné literatuře neexistuje jednoznačný konsensus ohledně definice, ale ani diagnostických a terapeutických metod. V terapii dětí s funkční dysfagií se tradičně využíval kognitivně behaviorální přístup, který však nevede vždy k úspěšnému řešení těchto obtíží s příjmem potravy u dětí. Z našeho pohledu je přínosné, pokud je terapie multimodální. Využívá (1) psychosociální, nutriční a environmentální pravidla pro maximalizaci úspěchu při příjmu potravy a pro stanovení cyklu hladu a sycení (2) techniky facilitující nácvik dovedností při příjmu potravy (3) techniky založené na senzorickém podkladě.

Picky eating and food refusal is usually classified as part of a spectrum of feeding difficulties usually called functional dysphagia. It is characterised by an unwillingness to eat familiar foods or to try new foods, as well as strong food preference to the total refusal of all food. There is no single widely accepted definition of picky eating/food refusal and therefore there is little consensus on an appropriate assessment measure and treatment. Functional dysphagia in children has historically been treated using a cognitive behavioral approach, which was not succesfull in all cases. From our therapeutic point of view it is beneficial if we use a multimodal approach in therapy. Components of the interventions included (1) physiological, nutritional and environmental changes to regularize hunger-satiety cycles and promote good eating habits and routines; (2) skill aquisition techniques (3) sensory based approach.

• Keywords
• odmítání jídla, averze, vkládání do úst, desenzibilizace, hyposenzitivita,
• MeSH
• Hypersensitivity complications   MeSH
• Taste Perception MeSH
• Olfactory Perception MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena MeSH
• Touch Perception MeSH
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy methods   MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Motor Skills MeSH
• Perception MeSH
• Deglutition Disorders * diagnosis   etiology   genetics   classification   psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood MeSH
• Eating MeSH
• Sucking Behavior MeSH
• Food Fussiness MeSH
• Auditory Perception MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Child Development MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Our understanding of how floral visitors integrate visual and olfactory cues when seeking food, and how background complexity affects flower detection is limited. Here, we aimed to understand the use of visual and olfactory information for bumblebees (Bombus terrestris terrestris L.) when seeking flowers in a visually complex background. To explore this issue, we first evaluated the effect of flower colour (red and blue), size (8, 16 and 32 mm), scent (presence or absence) and the amount of training on the foraging strategy of bumblebees (accuracy, search time and flight behaviour), considering the visual complexity of our background, to later explore whether experienced bumblebees, previously trained in the presence of scent, can recall and make use of odour information when foraging in the presence of novel visual stimuli carrying a familiar scent. Of all the variables analysed, flower colour had the strongest effect on the foraging strategy. Bumblebees searching for blue flowers were more accurate, flew faster, followed more direct paths between flowers and needed less time to find them, than bumblebees searching for red flowers. In turn, training and the presence of odour helped bees to find inconspicuous (red) flowers. When bees foraged on red flowers, search time increased with flower size; but search time was independent of flower size when bees foraged on blue flowers. Previous experience with floral scent enhances the capacity of detection of a novel colour carrying a familiar scent, probably by elemental association influencing attention.

• MeSH
• Olfactory Perception MeSH
• Flowers physiology   MeSH
• Pollination MeSH
• Cues * MeSH
• Attention MeSH
• Bees physiology   MeSH
• Color Perception * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Body ownership is critically dependent on multimodal integration as for instance revealed in the Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and a number of studies which have addressed the neural correlates of the processes underlying this phenomenon. Both experimental and clinical research have shown that the structures underlying body ownership seem to significantly overlap with those of motor control including the parietal and ventral premotor cortices, Temporal Parietal Junction (TPJ) and the insula. This raises the question of whether this structural overlap between body ownership and motor control structures is of any functional significance. Here, we investigate the specific question of whether experimentally induced ownership over a virtual limb can modulate the performance of that limb in a simple sensorimotor task. Using a Virtual reality (VR) environment we modulate body ownership in three experimental conditions with respect to the (in)congruence of stimulus configurations. Our results show that the degree of ownership directly modulates motor performance. This implies that body ownership is not exclusively a perceptual and/or subjective multimodal state but that it is tightly coupled to systems for decision-making and motor control.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Touch Perception * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Motor Activity * MeSH
• Psychomotor Performance * MeSH
• Decision Making * MeSH
• Sensorimotor Cortex physiology   MeSH
• Virtual Reality MeSH
• Visual Perception * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Úvod: Nevratné degenerativní změny pohybového aparátu, především nosných kloubů, můžeme bez pochyby označit za civilizační onemocnění. V konečném stadiu těchto změn je pacient indikován k implantaci totální endoprotézy postiženého kloubu. Jedná se o invazivní operační zákrok, při kterém nevyhnutelně dochází k poškození měkkých tkání. Po operaci trpí pacienti silnými bolestmi, které standardně řešíme indikací farmakologické terapie (multimodální postup analgetizace, femorální blok, epidurální infuze) s cílem snížit bolesti. Pooperační péče o pacienta je bez diskuse multioborovou záležitostí, do níž neodmyslitelně patří i řízená rehabilitace vedená kvalifikovaným fyzioterapeutem. Moderní medicína neustále hledá nová alternativní řešení, a to jak operační, tak i pooperační problematiky. To nás vedlo k myšlence, zda je možné snížit subjektivní vnímání bolesti pomocí řízené rehabilitace. Cíl studie: V této intervenční, randomizované (adaptivně) jednou zaslepené, prospektivní, původní studii, jsme se zabývali otázkou, jestli je možné pomocí vzpěrných cvičení v polohách ontogenetického vývoje snížit subjektivní vnímání bolesti pacientů po implantaci totální endoprotézy kyčelního kloubu (v akutním stadiu). Metodika: Studie se zúčastnilo 30 pacientů, kteří byli rozděleni do 2 skupin. Skupina A absolvovala pooperační rehabilitaci podle principů Akrální koaktivační terapie, skupina B byla kontrolní a rehabilitovala podle standardu SMN Přerov. Pacienti vyplnili před operací a po ukončení rehabilitace (10. pooperační den) upravený ACD dotazník, který obsahoval VAS stupnici. Výsledky: Výstupní měření dokázala, že skupina A udávala prokazatelně nižší bolesti VAS = 2,1) v porovnání se skupinou B (VAS = 4,7). Závěr: Výsledky prokázaly, že řízená rehabilitace vedená podle principů Akrální koaktivační terapie má vliv na urychlení snížení subjektivního vnímání bolesti u pacientů po implantaci totální endoprotézy kyčelního kloubu v akutním pooperačním období..

Introduction: Irreversible degenerative changes in the musculoskeletal system, in particular weight-bearing joints, can be designated as lifestyle disease without any doubt. In the final stage of these changes a patient is recommended to undergo the total hip replacement of the affected joint. It is invasive surgery during which the soft tissue is inevitably damaged. After the surgery the patient suffers from severe pain, which is commonly treated by means of pharmacological agents (multimodal analgesia, femoral nerve block, and epidural infusion) aimed at pain reduction. No doubt that postoperative care of patients is a multiple-field affair and managed rehabilitation care controlled by a qualified healthcare professional is part and parcel. The modern medicine keeps seeking new alternative solutions in both operative and postoperative issues. That has resulted in an idea: is it possible to reduce subjective perception of pain by means of managed rehabilitation? Study objective: In this intervention, (adaptive) randomized, single-blind, prospective, original study we dealt with the issue whether it was possible to reduce subjective perception of pain of the patients after the total hip replacement (in the acute stage) by means of practising prop up exercises in ontogenetic development positions. Methods: Thirty patients divided into two groups took part in the study. Group A underwent postoperative rehabilitation treatment based on the Acral Coactivation Therapy principles. Group B was a control group following the rehabilitation standards of Středomoravská nemocniční a.s. Přerov. Before the surgery and after completion of the rehabilitation treatment (10 days after the surgery) the patients filled in customizable ACD questionnaires including the VAS scale. Results: The output measure proved that the patients from the group A had experienced demonstrably less severe pain (VAS = 2.1) compared to the group B (VAS = 4.7). Conclusion: The results proved that the managed rehabilitation following the Acral Coactivation Therapy principles influenced acceleration of reduction of the patients´ subjective perception of pain after total hip replacement in the acute postoperative stage.

• Keywords
• akrální koaktivační terapie,
• MeSH
• Analgesics therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pain Measurement methods   MeSH
• Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip * rehabilitation   MeSH
• Pain, Postoperative * drug therapy   rehabilitation   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Rehabilitation methods   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Exercise Movement Techniques methods   MeSH
• Visual Analog Scale MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH

In the general concept of self-disturbances in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, somatopsychic depersonalization (SPD) occupies a special place as it constitutes a syndrome that comprises feelings of detachment from one's own body and mental processes. However, apart from clinical descriptions, to date the pathophysiology of SPD is not fully understood due to the rareness of the syndrome and a lack of experimental studies. In a case study of one patient with schizotypal disorder, we applied a multimodal approach to understanding the SPD phenomena. The patient's clinical profile was identified as disruption of implicit bodily function, accompanied by depressive symptoms. On a neuropsychological level, the patient exhibited impairment in executive functioning, intact tactile perception and kinesthetic praxis. Behavioral tests revealed an altered sense of time but unimpaired self-agency. Furthermore, the patient exhibited a lack of empathy and he had autistic traits, although with a sufficient ability to verbalize his feelings. On the neurobiological level using an active and passive touch paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found a hyperconnectivity of the default-mode network and salience network and a hypoconnectivity of the central executive brain networks in the performance of the touch task as well as intact perceptual touch processing emerging from the direct comparisons of the touch conditions. Our data provide evidence for the important role of altered large-brain network functioning in SPD that corresponds to the specific behavioral and neurocognitive phenomena.

• MeSH
• Depersonalization complications   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain physiopathology   MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Psychomotor Performance physiology   MeSH
• Schizotypal Personality Disorder complications   physiopathology   MeSH
• Somatoform Disorders complications   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Cílem pilotní studie bylo vyhodnotit kvalitu života (Quality of Life – QoL) u pacientek s karcinomem prsu ve vztahu k léčebným modalitám a jejich kombinacím. Ve studii QoL participovalo 71 pacientek s karcinomem prsu, QoL byla hodnocena pomocí Amerického dotazníku zdraví (SF36), Dotazníku životní spokojenosti a české výzkumné verze Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). Průměrná doba od diagnózy do doby hodnocení QoL ve výzkumném souboru byla 4,5 roku. Statistická významnost rozdílů v kvalitě života mezi pacientkami s různou léčbou byla testována Mannovým-Whitneyovým testem pro jednotlivé typy terapie a Kruskalovým-Wallisovým testem pro kombinace terapie. Vztah mezi kvalitou života a léčebnou modalitou byl zjištěn pro dotazník SF36 – pro dimenzi emocionální funkční role a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049), pro dotazník FACT-B – fyzický stav a chemoterapii (vyšší kvalita života u pacientek bez chemoterapie, p = 0,012), pro FACT-B – sociální/rodinný stav a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,036), pro FACT-G skóre a operační léčbu (vyšší kvalita života u operovaných, p = 0,049) a dále pro Dotazník životní spokojenosti – pro dimenzi zdraví a kombinaci léčby (nejvyšší kvalita života u kombinace operace, chemoterapie, radioterapie, biologické a hormonální terapie, nejnižší u kombinace předešlých bez biologické terapie, p = 0,027). Pro úplnost uvádíme typ a četnost vedlejších efektů léčebných modalit. Zjistili jsme vyšší QoL u operovaných pacientek a nižší QoL u pacientek vystavených chemoterapii, avšak naše závěry vyžadují další výzkumná ověření. Klíčová slova: karcinom prsu – kvalita života – onkologická léčba – vedlejší efekty léčby

The aim of the pilot study was to assess quality of life (QoL) in patients with breast carcinoma in relation to treatment modalities and their combinations. A total of 71 patients with breast carcinoma participated in this study. QoL was assessed using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Czech research version of Functional Assessment of Breast Cancer Therapy (FACT-B). The average time from diagnosis at the time of QoL assessment was 4.5 years. Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the differences in QoL between groups of patients with different type of therapy and Kruskal-Wallis test for combinations of therapies. A relation between quality of life and a treatment modality was found for questionnaire SF 36 – for the dimension of emotional functional role and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.049), for questionnaire FACT-B – physical condition and chemotherapy (higher quality of life in patients without chemotherapy, p = 0.012), for FACT-B – social/family condition and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patients, p = 0.036), for FACT-G score and operation treatment (higher quality of life in operated patents, p = 0.049) and further for Life Satisfaction Questionnaire – for the dimension of health and treatment combination (the highest quality of life in case of the combination of operation, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biological and hormonal therapy, the lowest quality of life in case of the combination of the previous without biological therapy, p = 0.027). Additionally, we described type and occurrence of side effects of treatment modalities. Generally we found higher QoL in operated patients and lower in patients who underwent chemotherapy, however our findings require further research verifications. Key words: breast carcinoma – quality of life – oncological treatment – treatment side effects

• Keywords
• onkologická léčba, vedlejší efekty léčby,
• MeSH
• Adaptation, Psychological MeSH
• Biological Therapy psychology   MeSH
• Drug Therapy psychology   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy MeSH
• Quality of Life * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mastectomy psychology   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * psychology   therapy   MeSH
• Statistics, Nonparametric MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Survivors psychology   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Psychometrics statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Radiotherapy psychology   MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Health Status Indicators MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH