Trypanosomatids are easy to cultivate and they are (in many cases) amenable to genetic manipulation. Genome sequencing has become a standard tool routinely used in the study of these flagellates. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field and our vision of what needs to be done in order to achieve a more comprehensive picture of trypanosomatid evolution. This will also help to illuminate the lineage-specific proteins and pathways, which can be used as potential targets in treating diseases caused by these parasites.

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic

Life Science Research Centre Faculty of Science University of Ostrava 710 00 Ostrava Czech Republic

Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases Sechenov University 119435 Moscow Russia

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 190121 St Petersburg Russia

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