BACKGROUND: Nanofiber wound dressings remain the domain of in vitro studies. The purpose of our study was to verify the benefits of chitosan (CTS) and polylactide (PLA)-based nanofiber wound dressings on a porcine model of a naturally contaminated standardized wound and compare them with the conventional dressings, i.e., gauze and Inadine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 32 pigs randomized into four homogeneous groups according to the wound dressing type. Standardized wounds were created on their backs, and wound dressings were regularly changed. We evaluated difficulty of handling individual dressing materials and macroscopic appearance of the wounds. Wound swabs were taken for bacteriological examination. Blood samples were obtained to determine blood count values and serum levels of acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin). The crucial point of the study was histological analysis. Microscopic evaluation was focused on the defect depth and tissue reactions, including formation of the fibrin exudate with neutrophil granulocytes, the layer of granulation and cellular connective tissue, and the reepithelialization. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software. The analysis was based on the Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney U test followed by Bonferroni correction. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Macroscopic examination did not show any difference in wound healing among the groups. However, evaluation of histological findings demonstrated that PLA-based nanofiber dressing accelerated the proliferative (P = .025) and reepithelialization (P < .001) healing phases, while chitosan-based nanofiber dressing potentiated and accelerated the inflammatory phase (P = .006). No statistically significant changes were observed in the blood count or acute inflammatory phase proteins during the trial. Different dynamics were noted in serum amyloid A values in the group treated with PLA-based nanofiber dressing (P = .006). CONCLUSION: Based on the microscopic examination, we have documented a positive effect of nanofiber wound dressings on acceleration of individual phases of the healing process. Nanofiber wound dressings have a potential to become in future part of the common wound care practice.
Amyloid A amyloidosis is a serious clinical condition resulting from the systemic deposition of amyloid A originating from serum amyloid A proteins with the kidneys being the most commonly and earliest affected organ. Previously described amyloid A amyloidosis is linked to increased production and deposition of serum amyloid A proteins secondary to inflammatory conditions arising from infectious, metabolic, or genetic causes. Here we describe a family with primary amyloid A amyloidosis due to a chr11:18287683 T>C (human genome version19) mutation in the SAA1 promoter linked to the amyloidogenic SAA1.1 haplotype. This condition leads to a doubling of the basal SAA1 promoter activity and sustained elevation of serum amyloid A levels that segregated in an autosomal dominant pattern in 12 genetically affected and in none of six genetically unaffected relatives, yielding a statistically significant logarithm of odds (LOD) score over 5. Affected individuals developed proteinuria, chronic kidney disease and systemic deposition of amyloid composed specifically of the SAA1.1 isoform. Tocilizumab (a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor) had a beneficial effect when prescribed early in the disease course. Idiopathic forms represent a significant and increasing proportion (15-20%) of all diagnosed cases of amyloid A amyloidosis. Thus, genetic screening of the SAA1 promoter should be pursued in individuals with amyloid A amyloidosis and no systemic inflammation, especially if there is a positive family history.
- MeSH
- amyloidóza * komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
- sérový amyloid A genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sérový amyloid A (SAA) je jedním z proteinů akutní fáze zánětu. Jeho koncentrace v organismu stoupá jako odpověď na různé podněty, ať už infekčního nebo neinfekčního původu. SAA je apolipoprotein, který interaguje s HDL, podporuje hromadění leukocytů v místě zánětu, adhezi trombocytů a podílí se na odstraňování poškozených buněčných membrán. SAA je ve vodě nerozpustný stejně jako jeho prekursorový protein, který vytváří depozita amyloidu A v různých orgánech. Ačkoliv hodnota SAA po odeznění reakce klesne zpět na minimální hodnotu, depozita amyloidu A ve tkáních již odstraněna organismem nejsou. Hromadění amyloidu ve tkáních má za následek jejich poškození, omezení funkce, v nejhorších případech vede až k jejich selhání. Vytváření depozit ve tkáních orgánů je základem chorob zvaných amyloidóza.
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the acute phase reactants. Its concentration in the organism rises in response to various stimuli, whether of infectious or non-infectious origin. SAA is an apolipoprotein that interacts with HDL, promotes the accumulation of leukocytes at the site of inflammation and the adhesion of platelets and participates in the removal of damaged cell membranes. SAA is water-insoluble, as is its precursor protein, which forms amyloid A deposits in various organs. Although the SAA value drops back to the minimum value after the reaction subsides, the organism no longer removes the amyloid A deposits from the tissues. Accumulation of amyloid in tissues results in their damage and limitation of function, and in the worst cases, leads to their failure. The formation of deposits in the tissues of organs is the basis of disease called amyloidosis.
- MeSH
- genetické pozadí MeSH
- genetický výzkum MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární amyloidóza * diagnóza genetika terapie MeSH
- sérový amyloid A * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The molecular basis for the propensity of a small number of environmental proteins to provoke allergic responses is largely unknown. Herein, we report that mite group 13 allergens of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family are sensed by an evolutionarily conserved acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), that promotes pulmonary type 2 immunity. Mechanistically, SAA1 interacted directly with allergenic mite FABPs (Der p 13 and Blo t 13). The interaction between mite FABPs and SAA1 activated the SAA1-binding receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which drove the epithelial release of the type-2-promoting cytokine interleukin (IL)-33 in a SAA1-dependent manner. Importantly, the SAA1-FPR2-IL-33 axis was upregulated in nasal epithelial cells from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. These findings identify an unrecognized role for SAA1 as a soluble pattern recognition receptor for conserved FABPs found in common mite allergens that initiate type 2 immunity at mucosal surfaces.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- alergická rýma imunologie patologie MeSH
- antigeny roztočů domácího prachu imunologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma imunologie patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epitelové buňky MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- interleukin 33 metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plíce cytologie imunologie patologie MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny imunologie MeSH
- receptory lipoxinů metabolismus MeSH
- receptory pro formylované peptidy metabolismus MeSH
- respirační sliznice imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sérový amyloid A genetika metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce imunologie MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease affecting mainly preterm newborns. It is characterized by unexpected onset and rapid progression with specific diagnostic signs as pneumatosis intestinalis or gas in the portal vein appearing later in the course of the disease. Therefore, we analyzed diagnostic and prognostic potential of the markers of early NEC pathogenesis, such as excessive inflammatory response (serum amyloid A (SAA)) and gut epithelium damage (intestinal and liver fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP and L-FABP, respectively) and trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3)). We used ELISA to analyze these biomarkers in the urine of patients with suspected NEC, either spontaneous or surgery-related, or in infants without gut surgery (controls). Next, we compared their levels with the type of the disease (NEC or sepsis) and its severity. Already at the time of NEC suspicion, infants who developed NEC had significantly higher levels of all tested biomarkers than controls and higher levels of I-FABP and L-FABP than those who will later develop sepsis. Infants who will develop surgery-related NEC had higher levels of I-FABP and L-FABP than those who will develop sepsis already during the first 6 hours after the abdominal surgery. I-FABP was able to discriminate between infants who will develop NEC or sepsis and the SAA was able to discriminate between medical and surgical NEC. Moreover, the combination of TFF-3 with I-FABP and SAA could predict pneumatosis intestinalis, and the combination of I-FABP, L-FABP, and SAA could predict gas in the portal vein or long-term hospitalization and low SAA predicts early full enteral feeding. Thus, these biomarkers may be useful not only in the early, noninvasive diagnostics but also in the subsequent NEC management.
- MeSH
- biologické markery moč MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- faktor TFF3 moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nekrotizující enterokolitida diagnóza MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny moč MeSH
- sepse diagnóza MeSH
- sérový amyloid A moč MeSH
- střevní sliznice patologie MeSH
- vény fyziologie MeSH
- zánět diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The objective of this article is to evaluate the potential effects of beta-glucan and vitamin D supplementation in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We evaluated the levels of several parameters of inflammatory reactions (C-reactive protein [CRP], serum amyloid A [SAA], and interleukin- [IL-] 6), leptin, and vitamin D. Using a 3-month interval, we divided the patients into three groups: (1) supplemented with beta-glucan and vitamin D, (2) supplemented with vitamin D and placebo, and (3) supplemented with vitamin D alone. By this division, we aim not only to observe whether beta-glucan can increase the effects of vitamin D, but also to eliminate the potential effects of placebo. The doses of vitamin D corresponded to phototype, weight, age, and sex of the individual. Fifty-two diabetic retinopathy patients were selected for our study. We found significant vitamin D deficits in all cases, even after three months of supplementation with vitamin D. Significant changes in levels of CRP were observed in the beta-glucan-supplemented group; levels of SAA and IL-6 were not changed. Leptin levels were significantly lowered in the beta-glucan-supplemented group and increased in the other groups. More detailed studies and/or longer supplementation is necessary.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- diabetická retinopatie komplikace farmakoterapie patofyziologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- leptin krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- placeba MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sérový amyloid A analýza MeSH
- vitamin D aplikace a dávkování krev MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Amyloidózy jsou onemocnění odlišné etiologie, u kterých dochází k depozici abnormálně uspořádaných proteinů fibrilární ultrastruktury extracelulárně v postižených tkáních. V současné době rozeznáváme 36 různých typů amyloidóz (a spoustu jejich variant). AL amyloidóza je nejčastější formou a amyloidová depozita obsahující lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů (LC - light chain) infiltrují tkáně a způsobují jejich dysfunkci až selhání. AA a ATTR amyloidóza jsou další časté formy systémových amyloidóz. Mezi nejčastěji postižené orgány patří ledviny (v 74 %), srdce (60 %), gastrointestinální trakt (10 - 20 %), játra (27 %) a autonomní nervový systém (18 %). V době stanovení diagnózy má 69 % pacientů postižen více než jeden orgán. Dominantní vlastností všech typů amyloidóz je jejich barvení konžskou červení. Rozlišení jednotlivých typů amyloidóz při vyšetření biopsie ledviny či jater je založeno na přímém imunofluorescenčním vyšetření z nativních či zamrazených vzorků anebo imunohistochemicky z fixovaných (parafinových) bloků. U AL amyloidózy je dominantně pozitivní jeden z monoklonálních LC (lambda nebo kappa), zatímco protilátky proti druhému a ostatním fibrilárním prekurzorům jsou negativní. U AA amyloidózy se depozita barví dominantně na amyloid A, u ATTR amyloidózy na transthyretin. Gastrointestinální postižení u AL a AA amyloidózy se typicky manifestuje dysfagií, ztrátou hmotnosti, poškozením motility žaludku a střev (gastroparéza, „pseudoobstrukce“), malabsorpcí nebo krvácením. Jaterní postižení se projevuje hepatomegalií, často spojenou s portální hypertenzí. Diagnózu jaterní amyloidózy považujeme za prokázanou, pokud se v jaterní biopsii objeví depozita amyloidu pozitivně se barvící kongo červení nebo pokud má nemocný hepatomegalii větší než 15 cm či elevaci alkalické fosfatázy nad 1,5x horní hranice v dané laboratoři a současně je amyloid histologicky prokázán na jiném místě těla. Během endoskopie jsou pro amyloidózu typickými nálezy polypoidní protruze, granulární vzhled mukózy, eroze až ulcerace a submukózní hematomy. Pro optimální management nemocných s amyloidózou je nezbytná včasná diagnóza, správně stanovený typ amyloidu, efektivní léčba vč. podpůrné terapie a pečlivá monitorace nemocného během léčby.
Amyloidoses are disorders of diverse aetiologies in which deposits of abnormally folded proteins with fibrillar ultrastructures infiltrate the extracellular spaces of affected organs. More than 36 proteins (and many more variants) are known to be involved in amyloidosis. AL amyloidosis is the most frequent form. In this condition, amyloid deposits containing light chains (LCs) infiltrate tissues and can cause their dysfunction and failure. AA and ATTR amyloidosis are other types of systemic amyloidoses. The most frequently affected organs are the kidneys (74%), heart (60%), liver (27%), gastrointestinal tract (10–20%) and autonomous nervous system (18%). In total, 69% of patients have more than one affected organ at the time of diagnosis. Positive staining with Congo red is the dominant feature of all amyloidoses. Typing of renal or liver amyloidosis in clinical practice is typically performed by direct immunofluorescence of frozen tissue or by immunohistochemistry of fixed samples. Positivity for monoclonal LC lambda or kappa is detected in AL amyloidosis, while staining with antibodies against other fibrillar precursors is negative. Tissues are stained for amyloid A in AA amyloidosis and for transthyretin in ATTR amyloidosis. Gastrointestinal involvement during AL and AA amyloidosis typically manifests as dysphagia, weight loss, altered motility (gastroparesis and intestinal pseudo-obstruction), malabsorption or bleeding. Liver involvement can cause hepatomegaly with portal hypertension. Diagnosis of liver amyloidosis is confirmed when a liver biopsy is positive for Congo red staining, when the total liver span is more than 15 cm in the absence of heart failure, or when the alkaline phosphatase concentration is 1.5-fold higher than the institutional upper limit and amyloidosis is demonstrated from biopsy at an alternate site. The endoscopic findings of amyloidosis are variable and may include multiple polypoid protrusions, granular appearance of the mucosa, erosions, ulcerations and submucosal hematomas. Optimal management of patients with all types of amyloidosis requires early diagnosis, correct assessment of the type, effective treatment with supportive therapy and very careful follow-up.
- Klíčová slova
- malabsorpční syndrom,
- MeSH
- amyloidóza * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- hepatomegalie etiologie MeSH
- histologické techniky metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární amyloidóza * diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- sérový amyloid A analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The effect of 20 fatty acids in erythrocyte cell membranes on the extent of inflammatory response and cell oxidative stress was evaluated using multidimensional statistical data analysis in 54 patients suffering from ischemic heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary stent implantation using multidimensional statistical data analysis. A systemic inflammatory response was indicated by an increase of C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and ceruloplasmin 48 h after stent implantation and by an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) 24 h after intervention. The increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) after 48 h was used as a marker of cell damage by oxidative stress. Multiple linear regression revealed statistically significant relationships between concentration of some fatty acids and the magnitude of inflammatory response, or oxidative stress, after stent implantation. The most significant relationship with an increase of plasma CRP was found for myristic acid and, to a lesser extent, for oleic acid. Trans octadecenoic acid, and to a lesser extent palmitooleic and nervonic fatty acids were found in inverse correlation with the CRP increase. The increase of IL-6 showed a statistically significant correlation with myristic acid, to a lesser extent with cis-9-eicosenoic acid and to the least extent with docosahexaenoic acid, inversely with pentadecanoic, γ-linolenic and stearic acids. An increase of oxidative stress (MDA) significantly correlated only with γ-linolenic acid. Other studied markers of inflammatory response to coronary stenting were SAA and ceruloplasmin (Cp). Statistical evaluation revealed that SAA and Cp are not suitable markers for assessment relationships between inflammation and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein analýza MeSH
- erytrocytární membrána imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- erytrocyty imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * MeSH
- koronární stenóza krev imunologie terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres imunologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sérový amyloid A analýza MeSH
- stenty * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
