Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a worldwide health problem, affecting cardiovascular and mental health. People with MetS are often suffering from depression. We used hereditary hypertriacylglycerolemic (HTG) rats as an animal model of MetS, and these were fed a high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD) to imitate unhealthy eating habits of people having several MetS risk factors and suffering depression. Male HTG rats were fed a standard diet (HTG-SD) or HFFD for eight weeks (HFFD8). Venlafaxine was administered for the last three weeks of the experiment (HFFD8+VE). Heart function was observed on the level of intact organisms (standard ECG in vivo), isolated hearts (perfusion according to Langendorff ex vivo), and molecular level, using the RT-PCR technique. The function of the isolated perfused heart was monitored under baseline and ischemia/reperfusion conditions. Analysis of ECG showed electrical abnormalities in vivo, such as significant QRS complex prolongation and increased heart rate. Ex vivo venlafaxine significantly reduced QT interval after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Baseline values of contractile abilities of the heart tended to be suppressed by HFFD. A significant reduction of LVDP was present in the HFFD8 group. Molecular analysis of specific genes involved in cardiac electrical (Cacna1c, Scn5a), contractile (Myh6, Myh7), metabolic function (Pgc1alpha) and calcium handling (Serca2a, Ryr2) supported some of the functional findings in vivo and ex vivo. Based on the present effect of venlafaxine on heart function, further research is needed regarding its cardiometabolic safety in the treatment of patients with MetS suffering from depression. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Venlafaxine, ECG, Cardiac contraction, Ischemia/Reperfusion.

• MeSH
• Diet, High-Fat * adverse effects   MeSH
• Fructose * administration & dosage   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Metabolic Syndrome genetics   MeSH
• Disease Models, Animal MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Epinephrine agonists   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents pharmacology   classification   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Depression * diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Dopamine analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   deficiency   MeSH
• Precision Medicine methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Serotonin analogs & derivatives   pharmacology   deficiency   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride * pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Critical Care MeSH
• Suicide, Attempted MeSH
• Fat Emulsions, Intravenous therapeutic use   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride * poisoning   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Prescription Drug Misuse MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• Keywords
• Agomelatin,
• MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Melatonin analogs & derivatives   MeSH
• Panic Disorder * drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological * chemically induced   physiopathology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride adverse effects   MeSH
• Vortioxetine therapeutic use   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Amisulpride administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents * adverse effects   MeSH
• Antipsychotic Agents adverse effects   MeSH
• Back Pain complications   MeSH
• Depressive Disorder drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Hemorrhage chemically induced   prevention & control   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lithium * pharmacokinetics   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Withholding Treatment MeSH
• Perioperative Care methods   MeSH
• Personality Disorders drug therapy   complications   MeSH
• Pregabalin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

• MeSH
• Alcoholism complications   MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Bupropion * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 physiology   MeSH
• Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors pharmacokinetics   MeSH
• Korsakoff Syndrome diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nausea chemically induced   MeSH
• ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 physiology   genetics   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride * pharmacokinetics   poisoning   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Wernicke Encephalopathy diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

The effect of venlafaxine, a pharmaceutical commonly found in aquatic environment, was analyzed on non-target organism, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822). D. rerio embryos were treated by two different concentrations of venlafaxine: either concentration relevant in aquatic environment (0.3 μg/L) or concentration that was two orders of magnitude higher (30 μg/L) for the evaluation of dose-dependent effect. Time-dependent effect was rated at 24, 96, and 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). For gene expression, genes representing one of the phases of xenobiotic biotransformation (0 to III) were selected. The results of this study showed that the effect of venlafaxine on the zebrafish embryos is the most evident at hatching (96 hpf). At this time, the results showed a downregulation of gene expression in each phase of biotransformation and in both tested concentrations. In contrast, an upregulation of most of the genes was observed 144 hpf for both tested venlafaxine concentrations. The study shows that venlafaxine can affect the gene expression of biotransformation enzymes in D. rerio embryos even in the environmentally relevant concentration and thus disrupt the process of biotransformation. Moreover, the pxr regulation of genes seems to be disrupted after venlafaxine exposure in dose- and time-dependent manner.

• MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Biotransformation MeSH
• Water Pollutants, Chemical pharmacology   MeSH
• Zebrafish * MeSH
• Embryo, Nonmammalian drug effects   enzymology   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic * MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride pharmacology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Hlavním cílem 4-týdenní, dvojitě-slepé a následné 8-týdenní, otevřené studie je porovnání účinnosti a snášenlivosti transkraniální stimulace stejnosměrným proudem a venlafaxinu v akutní léčbě deprese a prevenci relapsu. Dalším cílem je identifikace prediktorů odpovědi na obě intervence a mapování funkčních změn mozku (QEEG, fMRI) během léčby.Do akutní fáze bude zařazeno 60 pacientů. Respondéři na obě intervence vstoupí do následné, otevřené fáze projektu. EEG budou provedena před zahájením léčby, po 1. týdnu, na konci akutní fáze a na konci následné, otevřené studie. FMRI budou provedena před zahájením léčby a na konci akutní fáze projektu. Budou analyzovány výsledky léčby, podíl relapsů stejně jako QEEG a fMRI nálezy. Bude ověřena a vzájemně porovnána predikční účinnost a priori definovaných i identifikovaných prediktorů. Studie může pomoci optimalizovat léčbu deprese, proces rozhodování o nové léčbě a přinést nové neurovědní poznatky o depresi.; The main goal of 4-week, double-blind and subsequent 8-week, open-label studies is to compare efficacy and tolerability of transcranial direct current stimulation and venlafaxine in the acute treatment of depression and relapse prevention. Next aims are to identify predictors of response to both interventions and map functional brain changes (QEEG, fMRI) during the treatment. Sixty subjects will be enrolled to the acute phase of project. Responders to both interventions will enter to the open-label, follow-up study. EEG will be performed at baseline, week 1, at the end of acute phase and at the end of follow-up study. FMRI will be carried-out at baseline and at the end of acute phase. The treatment outcome and relapse rate will be analyzed as well as findings of QEEG and fMRI. Predictive efficacy of a priori defined or identified predictors will be evaluated and mutually compared. The study could help to optimize the treatment of depression and decision-making process in the choosing of new treatment and contribute to the neuroscientific knowledge about depression as well.

• MeSH
• Depression therapy   MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation methods   MeSH
• Recurrence MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Comparative Study MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie
• farmakoterapie
• psychiatrie
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

This double-blind, randomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of trazodone OAD (once-a-day) in comparison with venlafaxine XR (extended-release) in 324 patients (166 trazodone and 158 venlafaxine) with major depressive disorder (MDD). The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) at week 8. Both treatments were effective in reducing the HAM-D-17 total score at week 8 vs. baseline (intent-to-treat: trazodone -12.9, venlafaxine -14.7; per protocol: trazodone -15.4, venlafaxine -16.4). Patients in the venlafaxine group achieved better results after 8 weeks, whereas the trazodone group achieved a statistically significant reduction in HAM-D-17 following only 7 days of treatment. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were dizziness and somnolence in the trazodone group, and nausea and headache in the venlafaxine group. Most AEs were mild-to-moderate in severity. This study confirmed that both venlafaxine XR and trazodone OAD may represent a valid treatment option for patients with MDD.

• MeSH
• Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Depressive Disorder, Major drug therapy   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Double-Blind Method MeSH
• Delayed-Action Preparations adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Trazodone adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Pregabalin je bohatě využívanou látkou primárně se uplatňující v léčbě epilepsie. Její mechanismus účinku však postupně zavdal i využití v dalších indikacích - nejnověji jde o indikaci generalizované úzkostné poruchy (GAD). Pregabalin se zde ukazuje jako přinejmenším srovnatelně účinná alternativa k benzodiazepinům i zástupcům SSRI/SNRI. Současně však disponuje výrazně rychlejším nástupem účinku (např. oproti venlafaxinu). Oproti benzodiazepinům se naopak vyznačuje výrazně příznivějším bezpečnostním profilem, což dokládá nižší počet nemocných předčasně ukončujících léčbu. Zřejmý je též setrvalý charakter jeho účinku a možnost využití nikoliv pouze u GAD, ale též u somatických onemocnění, u kterých se anxieta vyskytuje jako komorbidita.

Pregabalin has been a widely used substance, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. However, its mechanism of action has gradually introduced its use in other indications - most recently it is an indication of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Pregabalin is shown to be at least a comparably effective alternative to both benzodiazepines and SSRIs/SNRIs. At the same time, however, it has a significantly faster onset of action (eg versus venlafaxine). In contrast to benzodiazepines, it has a significantly more favorable safety profile, as evidenced by the lower number of patients prematurely discontinuing treatment. The sustained nature of its effect and the possibility of its use not only in GAD but also in somatic diseases in which anxiety occurs as co-morbidity are also evident.

• MeSH
• Benzodiazepines adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Persons with Psychiatric Disorders MeSH
• Drug Therapy methods   MeSH
• Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Pharmaceutical Preparations MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions MeSH
• Pregabalin * adverse effects   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Anxiety Disorders * drug therapy   MeSH
• Venlafaxine Hydrochloride therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH