BACKGROUND: We compared, through the European Liver Transplant Registry, long-term liver transplantation outcomes with prolonged-release tacrolimus (PR-T) versus immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-T)-based immunosuppression. This retrospective analysis comprises up to 8-year data collected between 2008 and 2016, in an extension of our previously published study. METHODS: Patients with <1 month follow-up were excluded; patients were propensity score matched for baseline characteristics. Efficacy measures included: univariate/multivariate analyses of risk factors influencing graft/patient survival up to 8 years posttransplantation, and graft/patient survival up to 4 years with PR-T versus IR-T. Overall, 13 088 patients were included from 44 European centers; propensity score-matched analyses comprised 3006 patients (PR-T: n = 1002; IR-T: n = 2004). RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, IR-T-based immunosuppression was associated with reduced graft survival (risk ratio, 1.49; P = 0.0038) and patient survival (risk ratio, 1.40; P = 0.0215). There was improvement with PR-T versus IR-T in graft survival (83% versus 77% at 4 y, respectively; P = 0.005) and patient survival (85% versus 80%; P = 0.017). Patients converted from IR-T to PR-T after 1 month had a higher graft survival rate than patients receiving IR-T at last follow-up (P < 0.001), or started and maintained on PR-T (P = 0.019). One graft loss in 4 years was avoided for every 14.3 patients treated with PR-T versus IR-T. CONCLUSIONS: PR-T-based immunosuppression might improve long-term outcomes in liver transplant recipients than IR-T-based immunosuppression.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory kalcineurinu aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- rejekce štěpu imunologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- takrolimus aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace jater * škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: The safety profiles of standard therapy versus everolimus with reduced-exposure calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy using contemporary protocols in de novo kidney transplant recipients have not been compared in detail. METHODS: TRANSFORM was a randomized, international trial in which de novo kidney transplant patients were randomized to everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI (N = 1014) or mycophenolic acid (MPA) with standard-exposure CNI (N = 1012), both with induction and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Within the safety population (everolimus 1014, MPA 1012), adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug occurred in 62.9% versus 59.2% of patients given everolimus or MPA, respectively (P = 0.085). Hyperlipidemia, interstitial lung disease, peripheral edema, proteinuria, stomatitis/mouth ulceration, thrombocytopenia, and wound healing complications were more frequent with everolimus, whereas diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, tremor, and insomnia were more frequent in the MPA group. The incidence of viral infections (17.2% versus 29.2%; P < 0.001), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (8.1% versus 20.1%; P < 0.001), CMV syndrome (13.6% versus 23.0%, P = 0.044), and BK virus (BKV) infections (4.3% versus 8.0%, P < 0.001) were less frequent with everolimus. CMV infection was less common with everolimus versus MPA after adjusting for prophylaxis therapy in the D+/R- subgroup (P < 0.001). Study drug was discontinued more frequently due to rejection or impaired healing with everolimus, and more often due to BKV infection or BKV nephropathy with MPA. CONCLUSIONS: De novo everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI yielded a comparable incidence, though a distinctly different pattern, of adverse events versus current standard of care. Both regimens are safe and effective, yet their distinct profiles may enable tailoring for individual kidney transplant recipients.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cyklosporin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- everolimus aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- inhibitory kalcineurinu aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- kyselina mykofenolová aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- rejekce štěpu imunologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- takrolimus aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
The successful application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains a major challenge in stem cell therapy. Currently, several in vitro studies have indicated potentially beneficial interactions of MSCs with immunosuppressive drugs. These interactions can be even more complex in vivo, and it is in this setting that we investigate the effect of MSCs in combination with Cyclosporine A (CsA) on transplantation reaction and allogeneic cell survival. Using an in vivo mouse model, we found that CsA significantly promoted the survival of MSCs in various organs and tissues of the recipients. In addition, compared to treatment with CsA or MSCs alone, the survival of transplanted allogeneic cells was significantly improved after the combined application of MSCs with CsA. We further observed that the combinatory treatment suppressed immune response to the alloantigen challenge and modulated the immune balance by harnessing proinflammatory CD4+T-bet+ and CD4+RORγt+ cell subsets. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in IL-17 production along with an elevated level of IL-10. Co-cultivation of purified naive CD4+ cells with peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice treated with MSCs and CsA revealed that MSC-educated macrophages play an important role in the immunomodulatory effect observed on distinct T-cell subpopulations. Taken together, our findings suggest that CsA promotes MSC survival in vivo and that the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of MSCs with CsA is superior to each monotherapy. This combinatory treatment thus represents a promising approach to reducing immunosuppressant dosage while maintaining or even improving the outcome of therapy.
- MeSH
- alografty účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- cyklosporin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytokiny metabolismus MeSH
- imunosupresiva farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This multicenter trial compared immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-T) vs prolonged-release tacrolimus (PR-T) in de novo kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients aged <16 years. Each formulation had similar pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Follow-up efficacy and safety results are reported herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients, randomized 1:1, received once-daily, PR-T or twice-daily, IR-T within 4 days of surgery. After a 4-week PK assessment, patients continued randomized treatment for 48 additional weeks. At Year 1, efficacy assessments included the number of clinical acute rejections, biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (BCAR) episodes (including severity), patient and graft survival, and efficacy failure (composite of death, graft loss, BCAR, or unknown outcome). Adverse events were assessed throughout. RESULTS: The study included 44 children. At Year 1, mean ± standard deviation tacrolimus trough levels were 6.6 ± 2.2 and 5.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL, and there were 2 and 7 acute rejection episodes in the PR-T and IR-T groups, respectively. No cases of graft loss or death were reported during the study. The overall efficacy failure rate was 18.2% (PR-T n = 1; IR-T n = 7). CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric de novo solid organ recipients, the low incidence of BCAR and low efficacy failure rate suggest that PR-T-based immunosuppression is effective and well tolerated to 1-year post-transplantation.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- rejekce štěpu farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- takrolimus terapeutické užití MeSH
- transplantace orgánů škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Úspěch transplantací orgánů závisí do značné míry na podávaném imunosupresivním režimu. Všem nemocným je dnes doporučeno podávat indukční imunosupresi s monoklonálními protilátkami proti receptoru pro interleukin 2 nebo s polyklonálními králičími antithymocytárními globuliny. Jako udržovací léčbu většina nemocných dlouhodobě užívá takrolimus v kombinaci s přípravky mykofenolové kyseliny a s malou dávkou kortikosteroidů. Belatacept jako biologický přípravek pro udržovací léčbu se doposud užívá výjimečně. V případě rejekcí je léčba založena buď na odstraňování protilátek, nebo na účinné depleci lymfocytů rituximabem nebo polyklonálními protilátkami. Nové trendy v imunosupresi budou zaměřeny na blokádu komplementové kaskády a blokádu interleukinu 6 s cílem omezit vznik chronické rejekce.
The success of organ transplants depends, to a great extent, on the immunosuppressive regimen used. According to the current recommendations, all patients should undergo initial immunosuppression with monoclonal antibodies against the interleukin‑2 receptor or with polyclonal rabbit antithymocyte globulins. The maintenance therapy usually consists of tacrolimus combined with mycophenolic acid derivatives and low‑dose corticosteroids. Maintenance biological therapy with belatacept has been used only exceptionally until now. In cases of rejection, the treatment is based either on the removal of antibodies or on effective lymphocyte depletion achieved with rituximab or polyclonal antibodies. New trends in immunosuppression are associated with the blockage of the complement cascade and of interleukine‑6 and are supposed to prevent the development of chronic rejection.
- MeSH
- alemtuzumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- antilymfocytární sérum aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba * metody trendy MeSH
- indukční chemoterapie metody trendy MeSH
- intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina mykofenolová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- prednison analogy a deriváty aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- přežívání štěpu genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- rekombinantní fúzní proteiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- rituximab terapeutické užití MeSH
- sirolimus terapeutické užití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- takrolimus terapeutické užití MeSH
- transplantace * metody trendy MeSH
- transplantační imunologie * genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis may prevent CMV indirect effects in renal transplant recipients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of valganciclovir and valacyclovir prophylaxis for CMV after renal transplantation with the focus on chronic histologic damage within the graft. METHODS: From November 2007 through April 2012, adult renal transplant recipients were randomized, in an open-label, single-center study, at a 1:1 ratio to 3-month prophylaxis with valganciclovir (n = 60) or valacyclovir (n = 59). The primary endpoint was moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy assessed by protocol biopsy at 3 years evaluated by a single pathologist blinded to the study group. The analysis was conducted in an intention-to-treat population. RESULTS: Among the 101 patients who had a protocol biopsy specimen available, the risk of moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy was significantly lower in those treated with valganciclovir (22% versus 34%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.90; P = 0.032 by multivariate logistic regression). The incidence of CMV disease (9% versus 2%; P = 0.115) and CMV DNAemia (36% versus 42%; P = 0.361) were not different at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Valganciclovir prophylaxis, as compared with valacyclovir, was associated with a reduced risk of moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in patients after renal transplantation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12610000016033 ). Registered on September 26, 2007.
- MeSH
- analýza podle původního léčebného záměru MeSH
- antibiotická profylaxe metody MeSH
- antivirové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- cytomegalovirové infekce epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Cytomegalovirus účinky léků MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibróza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- homologní transplantace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci ledvin epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- valaciclovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- valganciklovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Differentiation between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in surgical patients is of crucial significance. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are widely used biomarkers, but PCT becomes compromised after antithymocyte globulin (ATG) administration, and CRP exhibits limited specificity. Presepsin has been suggested as an alternative biomarker of sepsis. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of presepsin in patients after heart transplantation (HTx). Plasma presepsin, PCT, and CRP were measured in 107 patients serially for up to 10 days following HTx. Time responses of biomarkers were evaluated for both noninfected (n=91) and infected (n=16) patients. Areas under the concentration curve differed in the two groups of patients for presepsin (P<.001), PCT (P<.005), and CRP (P<.001). The effect of time and infection was significant for all three biomarkers (P<.05 all). In contrast to PCT, presepsin was not influenced by ATG administration. More than 25% of noninfected patients had PCT above 42 μg/L on the first day, and the peak concentration of CRP in infected patients was reached on the third post-transplant day (median 135 mg/L). Presepsin seems to be as valuable a biomarker as PCT or CRP in the evaluation of infectious complications in patients after HTx.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD14 metabolismus MeSH
- antilymfocytární sérum aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- infekční nemoci farmakoterapie etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- kalcitonin metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- peptidové fragmenty metabolismus MeSH
- pooperační komplikace farmakoterapie etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- transplantace srdce škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- cyklosporin terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- kyselina mykofenolová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát terapeutické užití MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * etiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
- transplantace kostní dřeně * škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The immunosuppressive effects of systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immunosuppressive drugs have been well documented. We analysed the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of MSCs applied locally in combination with non-specific immunosuppression in a mouse model of allogeneic skin transplantation. The MSC-seeded and cyclosporine A (CsA)-loaded nanofibre scaffolds were applied topically to skin allografts in a mouse model and the local immune response was assessed and characterized. MSCs migrated from the scaffold into the side of injury and were detected in the graft region and draining lymph nodes (DLNs). The numbers of graft-infiltrating macrophages and the production of nitric oxide (NO) were significantly decreased in recipients treated with MSCs and CsA, and this reduction correlated with impaired production of IFNγ in the graft and DLNs. In contrast, the proportion of alternatively activated macrophages (F4/80+CD206+cells) and the production of IL-10 by intragraft macrophages were significantly upregulated. The ability of MSCs to alter the phenotype of macrophages from the M1 type into an M2 population was confirmed in a co-culture system in vitro. We suggest that the topical application of MSCs in combination with CsA induces a switch in macrophages to a population with an alternatively activated 'healing' phenotype and producing elevated levels of IL-10. These alterations in macrophage phenotype and function could represent one of the mechanisms of immunosuppressive action of MSCs applied in combination with CsA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- MeSH
- alografty MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- cyklosporin farmakologie MeSH
- makrofágy metabolismus MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- transplantace kůže * MeSH
- transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: With the same dose of tacrolimus, lower systemic exposure on the first day of dosing has been reported for prolonged-release tacrolimus compared with immediate-release tacrolimus, prompting investigation of differing initial doses. METHODS: This substudy of a double-blind, randomized, phase III trial in de novo liver transplant recipients compared the pharmacokinetics of once-daily prolonged-release tacrolimus (initial dose: 0.2 mg/kg/day) versus twice-daily immediate-release tacrolimus (initial dose: 0.1 mg/kg/day) during the first 2 weeks post-transplant. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed from patients receiving prolonged-release tacrolimus (n=13) and immediate-release tacrolimus (n=12). Mean systemic exposure (AUC0-24) was higher with prolonged-release versus immediate-release tacrolimus. Dose-normalized AUC0-24(normalized to 0.1 mg/kg/day) showed generally lower exposure with prolonged-release tacrolimus versus immediate-release tacrolimus. There was good correlation between AUC0-24and concentration at 24 hours after the morning dose (r=.96 and r=.86, respectively), and the slope of the line of best fit was similar for both formulations. CONCLUSIONS: Doubling the initial starting dose of prolonged-release tacrolimus compared with immediate-release tacrolimus overcompensated for lower exposure on Day 1. A 50% higher starting dose of prolonged-release tacrolimus than immediate-release tacrolimus may be required for similar systemic exposure. However, doses of both formulations can be optimized using the same trough-level monitoring system. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00189826).
- MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- přežívání štěpu účinky léků MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- rejekce štěpu farmakoterapie etiologie metabolismus MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- takrolimus aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika MeSH
- transplantace jater škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH