OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the lasting effects of stress experienced by pregnant women during World War II (WWII) on body and head measurements of their adult daughters. METHODS: The research sample consists of 336 female university students born in Poland between 1925 and 1951. The data include body measurements and socioeconomic information (parental occupation and number of siblings) acquired from questionnaires collected between the 1950s and 1970s. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Analysis of Variance were used to analyze differences in body measurements between groups of women born before and during the war, as well as the possible influences of socioeconomic variables. RESULTS: The mean measurements of body height, symphysion height, and waist circumference were lower in women conceived and born during the war compared to those born in the pre-war period. In contrast, the mean measurements of biacromial (shoulder) width, trunk length, and three head dimensions were higher in women conceived and born during the war. Additionally, the number of siblings appeared to be a significant factor that may have influenced the body measurements of women in both groups. For instance, a higher number of living siblings, particularly sisters, was associated with reduced body dimensions, such as body height and waist circumference, while a greater number of deceased siblings was linked to an increase in certain body dimensions. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that war-related prenatal conditions may have influenced the postnatal growth and development of women conceived and born during the war. Notably, the direction of these changes varied, which indicates that the growth response to the war-related conditions was a complex adaptation, reflecting both positive and negative changes in different body parts, rather than a uniform pattern of growth suppression.
- MeSH
- 2. světová válka * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH
Príspevok sa venuje problematike výskytu morálneho distresu a pracovnej spokojnosti u sestier. Tento fenomén, ktorý ovplyvňuje prežívanie sestier, môže mať dopad na ich zdravie, na kvalitu poskytovania ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti a môže prispieť k opusteniu profesie.
The article deals with the issue of the occurrence of moral distress and job satisfaction among nurses. This phenomenon, which affects the survival of nurses, can have an impact on their health, on the quality of nursing care and can contribute to leaving the profession.
Poznatky, získané hlavne v posledných dvoch desaťročiach, umožnili lepšie porozumieť mechanizmom a dráham, prostredníctvom ktorých nervový systém, a tým aj stres, ovplyvňuje procesy súvisiace so vznikom a progresiou nádorových chorôb. Neurobiologický výskum nádorových chorôb pritom nie len rozšíril poznanie etiopatogenézy nádorového procesu, ale vytvoril podklady aj pre zavedenie nových terapeutických metód v onkológii, založených na modulácii prenosu signálov medzi nervovým systémom a nádorovým tkanivom. Bolo tiež zistené, že monitorovanie aktivity zložiek autonómneho nervového systému je možné využiť nie len na určenie miery stresu u daného pacienta, ale aj na posúdenie prognózy jeho onkologickej choroby. Jednu z efektívnych metód, umožňujúcich sledovanie flexibility a rovnováhy pôsobenia zložiek autonómneho nervového systému a nepriamo aj miery stresu u onkologických pacientov, predstavuje určovanie variability srdcovej frekvencie (HRV). Na opodstatnenosť využitia tejto metódy v onkológii poukazujú aj zistenia, že pacienti s vyššími hodnotami HRV vykazujú dlhšie prežívanie v porovnaní s pacientmi, u ktorých sú hodnoty HRV nižšie. Zámerom tohto textu je priblížiť súčasné poznatky týkajúce sa vplyvu stresu na nádory hlavy a krku a načrtnúť možnosti využitia stanovenia HRV ako prognostického markera u týchto pacientov. Diskutované sú aj možnosti využitia metód, ktoré sú zamerané na zvýšenie HRV a ich prípadné využitie v liečbe pacientov s nádormi hlavy a krku.
Knowledge, mainly gained in the last two decades, has provided a better understanding of the mechanisms and pathways through which the nervous system, and thus stress, influences processes related to cancer initiation and progression. Neurobiological research on cancer has not only increased the knowledge of the aetiopathogenesis of the tumour process, but also has laid the foundation for the introduction of new therapeutic methods in oncology based on the modulation of the transmission of signals between the nervous system andtumour tissue. It also has been found that monitoring the activity of components of the autonomic nervous system can be used not only to determine the degree of stress in a given patient, but also to assess the prognosis of his or her oncological disease. One of the effective methods to monitor the flexibility and balance of the autonomic nervous system components and indirectly the level of stress in cancer patients is the determination of heart rate variability (HRV). The validity of the use of this method in oncology is indicated by the findings that patients with higher HRV values show longer survival compared to patients with lower HRV values. The aim of this text is to review the current knowledge regarding the impact of stress on head and neck cancer and to outline the possibilities of using HRV determination as a prognostic marker in these patients. The potential use of methods aimed at increasing HRV and their potential use in the management of patients with head and neck tumours are also discussed.
Cíl: Popsat strategie zvládání stresu (coping) a prožívaný stres v souvislosti s neplodností u mužů a žen podstupujících léčbu in vitro fertilizace (IVF). Zjistit, zda jsou mezi ženami a muži rozdíly v prožívání a zároveň vytipovat adaptivní a neadaptivní strategie pro zvládání neplodnosti. Soubor a metoda: Korelační studie, 162 pacientů s primární neplodností (99 žen a 63 mužů), kteří podstupovali léčbu IVF v Sanus Pardubice, vyplnilo psychologické dotazníky Fertility Problem Inventory a COPE Inventory. Výsledky: Mezi muži a ženami nebyl nalezen statisticky významný rozdíl v míře prožívaného stresu. Nejčastěji užívali muži i ženy copingové strategie pozitivní reinterpretace, plánování a akceptace, muži užívali signifikantně častěji než ženy strategii zdrženlivost, potlačení a plánování, ženy užívaly signifikantně častěji než muži strategie využívání emoční sociální opory a náboženský coping. U žen i mužů signifikantně korelovala s celkovou mírou prožívaného stresu strategie popření v pozitivním směru, strategie pozitivní reinterpretace a akceptace v negativním směru. Závěr: Nedobrovolně bezdětné ženy a muži v léčbě IVF prožívají podobný stres, užívají ale mírně odlišné copingové strategie. Pro muže i ženy se jako adaptivní copingové strategie ukazují pozitivní reinterpretace a akceptace, jako neadaptivní popření.
Aim: To describe coping strategies and infertility stress in men and women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. To determine whether there are differences in coping strategies between men and women and to identify adaptive and non-adaptive coping strategies for infertility. Materials and methods: A correlational study, where 162 patients (99 women and 63 men) with primary infertility undergoing IVF treatment at Sanus Pardubice completed the Fertility Problem Inventory and COPE Inventory psychological questionnaires. Results: There were no significant differences between women and men in experiencing infertility stress. The coping strategies used most frequently by both men and women were Positive Reinterpretation, Planning, and Acceptance; men used the strategies Restraint, Suppression, and Planning significantly more frequently than women; and women used the strategies Using Emotional Social Support and Religious Coping significantly more frequently than men. For both women and men, level of Global infertility stress significantly correlated with Denial in the positive direction and with Positive Reinterpretation and Acceptance in the negative direction. Conclusion: Involuntarily childless women and men in IVF treatment experience similar infertility stress, but use slightly different coping strategies. For both men and women, Positive Reinterpretation and Acceptance emerged as adaptive strategies, while Denial emerged as non-adaptive.
BACKGROUND: Maternal-fetal attachment might be associated with maternal mental health issues, but previous results have been inconsistent, particularly regarding prenatal anxiety. We compared maternal-fetal attachment between pregnant women with and without symptoms of antenatal depression and anxiety. Additionally, we examined the relationships between prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms, psychosocial stress, and maternal-fetal attachment. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving a sample of 2,233 pregnant women. The data were collected between March 2021 and March 2023 at outpatient clinics in the Czech Republic. We used self-report questionnaires to assess symptoms of prenatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, EPDS), anxiety (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale, PASS), psychosocial stress (Prenatal Psychosocial Profile, PPP), and maternal-fetal attachment (Prenatal Attachment Inventory - Revised, PAI-R). RESULTS: Women without symptoms of antenatal depression had higher total scores on the PAI-R (U = 336,357; p = .013) and on the PAI-R Interaction subscale (U = 322,913; p < .001), suggesting a higher quality of maternal-fetal attachment than women with symptoms. No other significant associations were found between antenatal depression, anxiety and the PAI-R subscales scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that women experiencing increased depressive, but not anxiety, symptoms in pregnancy, have a poorer quality of attachment to their child, although the effect size is small. Consequently, treating prenatal depression in women could have a positive effect on maternal-fetal attachment.
- MeSH
- deprese * psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maternofetální vztahy * psychologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- připoutání k objektu MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- psychický stres psychologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- úzkost * psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Vydání 1. 284 stran : ilustrace ; 24 cm
Příručka, která se zaměřuje na poporodní úzkost a depresi a stres a na kognitivně-behaviorální terapii. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Text poskytuje srozumitelné informace, které mohou lékařům i psychoterapeutům pomoci úspěšně začlenit strukturu a postupy kognitivně-behaviorální terapie do podpůrného přístupu při práci s klientkami před porodem a po něm.
Východiská: Na význam stresu pri nádorových chorobách poukazovali lekári už od čias Galéna. Avšak až v posledných dvoch desaťročiach umožnil kombinovaný onkologický a neurovedný výskum exaktne preskúmať tento vzťah a popísať dráhy a mechanizmy, ktoré sprostredkúvajú stimulačný vplyv stresu na nádorový proces. Tento nepriaznivý účinok stresu je sprostredkovaný hlavne mediátormi sympatikoadrenálneho systému, noradrenalínom a adrenalínom. Tieto katecholamíny aktiváciou adrenergických receptorov v nádorovom mikro- a makroprostredí stimulujú proliferáciu nádorových buniek a neoangiogenézu a inhibujú protinádorovú imunitu a znižujú účinnosť štandardnej protinádorovej liečby. Zistilo sa tiež, že intervencie obmedzujúce pôsobenie stresu na organizmus nie len že zlepšujú kvalitu života onkologických pacientov, ale môžu zlepšovať aj ich prežívanie. Vzhľadom na komplexnosť vplyvu stresu na organizmus sa experimentálne a klinické štúdie v prevažnej väčšine zameriavajú na skúmanie účinku jednej intervencie obmedzujúcej stimulačný vplyv sympatikoadrenálneho systému na nádorový proces. Cieľ: Zámerom tohto názorového článku je poukázať na možnosť synergického účinku kombinácie viacerých intervencií obmedzujúcich aktiváciu sympatikoadrenálneho systému a na základe dostupných údajov navrhnúť takú kombináciu týchto intervencií, ktorá je aplikovateľná v podpornej liečbe onkologických pacientov už aj v súčasnosti. Záver: Protokol Synergy, ktorý zahŕňa nefarmakologické intervencie zamerané na obmedzenie pôsobenia stresu, má potenciál zlepšiť kvalitu života a u určitých pacientov aj prognózu ich choroby. Zavedenie tohto protokolu do bežnej klinickej praxe síce bude vyžadovať vyriešenie personálnych a finančných aspektov, ktoré s jeho implikáciou súvisia, výsledkom ale môže byť významné zvýšenie úrovne starostlivosti o onkologických pacientov.
Background: The importance of stress in cancer has been noted by physicians since the time of Galen. However, it is only in the last two decades that combined oncological and neuroscientific research has allowed to explore this relationship in an exact way and to describe the pathways and mechanisms that mediate the stimulatory effect of stress on cancer. This adverse effect of stress is mediated mainly by the mediators of the sympathoadrenal system, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which, by activating adrenergic receptors in the tumor micro- and macro-environment, stimulate tumor cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis and inhibit antitumor immunity, reducing the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. It has also been found that interventions reducing the effects of stress on the body not only improve the quality of life of cancer patients but may also improve their survival. Given the complexity of the impact of stress on the organism, experimental and clinical studies have overwhelmingly focused on investigating the effect of a single intervention reducing the stimulatory influence of the sympathoadrenal system on the cancer process. Purpose: The aim of this opinion article is to highlight the possibility of a synergistic effect of a combination of several interventions limiting the activation of the sympathoadrenal system and, based on the available data, to propose a combination of these interventions that is applicable in the supportive treatment of cancer patients even nowadays. Conclusion: The Protocol Synergy, which includes non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing the effects of stress on the cancer patient, has the potential to improve the quality and, in certain patients, the prognosis of their disease. Although the introduction of this protocol into routine clinical practice will require addressing the personnel and financial aspects associated with its implementation, it has the potential to significantly improve the level of care for cancer patients.
- MeSH
- beta blokátory terapeutické užití MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- klinické protokoly * MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * etiologie psychologie MeSH
- nízká teplota škodlivé účinky MeSH
- psychický stres * MeSH
- psychoterapie metody MeSH
- relaxační terapie MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- svépomocné skupiny MeSH
- sympatoadrenální systém MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Aim: This study aimed to: (1) explore post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in relation to sociodemographic, obstetric, and childbirth trauma factors; (2) assess the association between perceived stress levels and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms; and (3) analyze how the duration of perceived stress affects post-traumatic stress disorder. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Data were collected via an online survey, including demographic and obstetric information, traumatic childbirth events, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and perceived stress levels and duration in the postpartum period. The study was conducted with 202 women who self-identified as having experienced a traumatic childbirth. Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder scores did not differ significantly by most sociodemographic or obstetric factors, but cesarean delivery was linked to higher post-traumatic stress disorder scores compared to vaginal delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction, mediated by increased perceived stress. Perceived stress levels showed a significant positive association with all post-traumatic stress disorder dimensions. Stress duration significantly was related to total post-traumatic stress disorder scores, with longer stress being associated with greater severity of symptoms. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery and prolonged, elevated stress during childbirth are key risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, highlighting the need for targeted postpartum mental health interventions.
- MeSH
- císařský řez psychologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- komplikace porodu * psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poporodní období psychologie MeSH
- porod psychologie MeSH
- posttraumatická stresová porucha * etiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie metody MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres * etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Aim: Emotional intelligence (EI) is increasingly recognized as an essential competency in nursing leadership. This study explores how EI shapes the fundamental components of nursing leadership and its impact on healthcare outcomes. Design: The study is classified as qualitative research. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed using databases including EBSCO, Google Scholar, OVID, and Web of Science. Studies published in English between 2017 and 2022 were screened against predefined inclusion criteria. Thirty-three peer-reviewed articles were selected and subjected to contextual and thematic analysis. This qualitative approach allowed synthesis of recurring themes and insights into the influence of EI on nursing leadership and practice. Results: Emotional intelligence significantly impacts nursing leadership by improving patient outcomes, fostering teamwork, enhancing communication, and supporting quality care. Nurses with high EI nurses exhibit empathy, resilience, and positivity, contributing to stronger team dynamics, reduced turnover, and increased cohesion. Leaders with elevated EI levels earn trust, build respectful relationships, and inspire commitment. Moreover, EI reduces burnout, enhances job satisfaction, and ensures consistent quality control in nursing management. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence is fundamental to effective nursing leadership and has a positive impact on staff retention, satisfaction, and quality of care. Incorporating EI training into nursing education and recruitment is vital for sustaining nursing leadership excellence and optimizing healthcare outcomes.
