Ciel' ghansových bunkách, v jadrách endotelu fetálnych kapilár a v cytoplazme Hofbauerových buniek v obidvoch súboroch. Expresia v myofibroblastoch choriónovej strómy bola silnejšia v prípadoch preeklampsie. Expresia superoxiddismutázy dosahovala v materiáloch z preeklampsie slabšiu úroveň v syncýciu, Langhansových bunkách ako aj v bunkách deciduy. Kalretinín nevykázal expresiu v žiadnej štruktúre placenty. V bazálnej decidue z prípadov preeklampsie bol ojedinele prítomný v bunkách intersticiálneho extravilózneho trofoblastu, v deciduálnych bunkách a v špirálovitých artériách. Záver: Naše pozorovania sú morfologickým príspevkom do objasňovania molekulového pozadia etiopatogenézy preeklampsie a podporujú jej niektoré klinicko-biochemické rysy.

Objective: To determine new data related to the expression of caspase 1, superoxiddismutase and calretinin in the placenta and basal decidua in preeclampsia. Material and methods: Placental and basal decidua samples from 9 preeclamptic and 9 normotensive controls were analyzed using expressions of caspase 1, superoxiddismutase and calretinin assesed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Caspase 1 was expressed in placental syncythium in preeclampsia constantly, while in the control group the expression was weak or absent. In Langhans cells, in fetal sinusoidal capillary endothelia and in Hofbauer cells the expression was equal in both groups. Stronger expression was observed in stromal myofibroblasts in preeclampsia. In preeclampsia, expression of superoxiddismutase in syncythium, in Langhans cells and in decidual cells was weaker. Calretinin was not found in any placental structure. Sporadically, calretinin was expressed in the interstitial extravillous trophoblast cells, in decidual cells and in spiral arterioles in preeclampsia. Conclusion: The obtained morphological data correlating with some clinical and biochemical features contribute to understanding of the molecular background of preeclampsia etiopathogenesis.

• MeSH
• Decidua MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Immunohistochemistry methods   utilization   MeSH
• Caspase 1 isolation & purification   MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Eye Proteins isolation & purification   MeSH
• Placenta MeSH
• Pre-Eclampsia diagnosis   MeSH
• Nerve Tissue Proteins isolation & purification   MeSH
• S100 Calcium Binding Protein G isolation & purification   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Superoxide Dismutase isolation & purification   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH

• MeSH
• Teaching Materials MeSH

In vitro byla sledována dynamika uvolňování neomycinu a linkomycinu ze sklokeramických materiálů BAS-0, BAS-HA a BAS-R ve formě drti. Po nasycení jednotlivými antibiotiky byly vzorky sklokeramiky převrstveny fibrinovým lepidlem a po jeho zatuhnutí pufrovaným fyziologickým roztokem. Ve vzorcích odebíraných ve stanovených intervalech po dobu 2 měsíců bylo stanoveno eluované množství ATB agarovou jamkovou metodou. Vylučování ATB ze sklokeramiky probíhalo ve 2 fázích, k zpomalení eluce docházelo většinou po 6 hodinách. Pri použiti kompožit došlo k dalšímu snížení rychlosti eluce ještě po 48 hodinách. Z celkového vyloučeného množství ATB bylo 50 % uvolněno u neomycinu za 2-4 hodiny, u linkomycinu za 6 hodin. Po 48 hodinách byla uvolňována už jen malá množství ATB, která však byla detekovatelná ještě i na konci sledovaného období. Celkové uvolněné množství ATB bylo ovlivněno typem použitého materiálu, event. v menší míře i jeho velikostí a v případě kompozit vzájemným poměrem jejich složek.

The dynamics of release of neomycin and lincomycin from glass-ceramľc materials BAS-0, BAS-HA ind BAS-R in the form of cullet was monitored in vitro. After the saturation by individual antibiotics the glass-ceramic samples were overlaid with fibrin glue and after it became solid they were covered with buffered physiological solution. In the samples taken at planned intervals in the course of 2 months eluted ATB quantity was determined by agar well method. Release of ATB from glass-ceramics proceeded in two phases, elution slowed down in most cases after 6 hours. With the use of composites there occurred another slowing down of the speed of elution after another 48 hours. Of the total eluted quantity of ATB 50 % was released in neomycine in 2-4 hours, in lincomycin in 6 hours. After 48 hours only small quantities of ATB were eluted, however, they were still detected at the end of the monitored period.The total released quantity of ATB was influenced by the type of the material used, or to a lesser extent, also by size of its particules and in case of composites by the proportion of their components.

• MeSH
• Adhesives MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lincomycin pharmacokinetics   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Neomycin pharmacokinetics   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Drug Carriers MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

The present study reports on a comprehensive investigation of mechanisms of in vitro cytotoxicity of high aspect ratio (HAR) bundles formed from anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) layers. Comparative cytotoxicity studies were performed using two types of HAR TNTs (diameter of ∼110 nm), differing in initial thickness of the nanotubular layer (∼35 μm for TNTs-1 vs. ∼10 μm for TNTs-2). Using two types of epithelial cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HEK-293), it was found that nanotoxicity is highly cell-type dependent and plausibly associates with higher membrane fluidity and decreased rigidity of cancer cells enabling penetration of TNTs to the cell membrane towards disruption of membrane integrity and reorganization of cytoskeletal network. Upon penetration, TNTs dysregulated redox homeostasis followed by DNA fragmentation and apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Both TNTs exhibited haemolytic activity and rapidly activated polarization of RAW 264.7 macrophages. Throughout the whole study, TNTs-2 possessing a lower aspect ratio manifested significantly higher cytotoxic effects. Taken together, this is the first report comprehensively investigating the mechanisms underlying the nanotoxicity of bundles formed from self-organised 1-D anodic TNT layers. Except for description of nanotoxicity of industrially-interesting nanomaterials, the delineation of the nanotoxicity paradigm in cancer cells could serve as solid basis for future efforts in rational engineering of TNTs towards selective anticancer nanomedicine.

• MeSH
• Apoptosis drug effects   MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Electrodes MeSH
• DNA Fragmentation MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Nanotubes toxicity   MeSH
• Necrosis chemically induced   MeSH
• Lipid Peroxidation MeSH
• Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism   MeSH
• Titanium toxicity   MeSH
• Cell Survival drug effects   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Human placental beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-I (EC 2.4.1.38) transfers the galactosyl moiety from UDP-Gal to various GlcNAc or Glc acceptors in vivo. Here, we describe the construction of its Y284L mutant as a His(6)propeptide-catbeta4GalT1 construct, in which the Gal-transferase activity was totally abolished in favor of its GalNAc-transferase activity. We used this mutant in the synthesis of three mono- and bivalent LacdiNAc glycomimetics with good yields. These compounds proved to be powerful ligands of two activation receptors of natural killer cells, NKR-P1 and CD69. A synthetic bivalent tethered di-LacdiNAc is the best currently known precipitation agent for both of these receptors and has promising potential for the development of immunoactive glycodrugs.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni enzymology   MeSH
• Antigens, CD metabolism   MeSH
• Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte metabolism   MeSH
• Carbohydrate Epimerases metabolism   MeSH
• Galactosyltransferases genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Glycoconjugates biosynthesis   chemical synthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• Lactose analogs & derivatives   biosynthesis   chemical synthesis   metabolism   MeSH
• NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B metabolism   MeSH
• Lectins, C-Type MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Placenta enzymology   MeSH
• Substrate Specificity MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Retracted Publication MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Sucrose and molasses are attractive raw materials for industrial fermentation. Although Corynebacterium glutamicum shows sucrose-utilizing activity, sucrose or molasses is only a fraction of carbon source used in the fermentation medium in most works. An engineered C. glutamicum strain was constructed for producing L-ornithine with sucrose or molasses as a sole carbon source by transferring Mannheimia succiniciproducens β-fructofuranosidase gene (sacC). The engineered strain, C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 (pEC-sacC), produced 22.0 g/L of L-ornithine with sucrose as the sole carbon source, which is on par with that obtained by the parent strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 with glucose as the sole carbon. The resulting strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 (pEC-sacC) produced 27.0 g/L of L-ornithine with molasses as the sole carbon source, which is higher than that obtained by the parent strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 with glucose as the sole carbon. This strategy can be applied for developing sucrose- or molasses-utilizing industrial strains.

• MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Corynebacterium glutamicum genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Fermentation MeSH
• Molasses analysis   microbiology   MeSH
• Ornithine biosynthesis   MeSH
• Industrial Microbiology MeSH
• Sucrose metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a name of a group of technologies that build 3D objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material. There are many technologies, including Rapid Prototyping (RP), Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM), layered manufacturing and additive fabrication. Many types of materials can be used for AM technology. Biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), are currently the subject of intensive research in the field of additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine. A number of biodegradable and bioresorbable materials, as well as scaffold designs, have been experimentally and clinically studied in many research facilities around the world. For effective using of bioprinting technologies in tissue and biomedical engineering, the knowledge of material and technological parameters in the process of printing is necessary. In this study the 3D printer Bioplotter EnvisionTEC (the printer with ability to print different materials from hydrogel to plastic materials) was used. Scaffolds for the purpose of the experiment were prepared via extrusion-based bioprinting. Experimental part of this study was focused on defining the influence of printing parameters and technological pre-processing of the material on quality and mechanical and geometrical properties of printed parts. Testing of printed samples showed high influence of pre-processing of material, mainly drying process, on mechanical and geometric quality of samples. Drying of material before printing process makes the material more stable and allows it to maintain defined material properties for a longer time than non-dried material. Time of heating of the material in printing cartridge has also high impact on material behaviour. Test results showed that if the time of heating of the material in the high temperature cartridge exceeds defined time limit, the material starts to degrade and is no more usable.

• MeSH
• Printing, Three-Dimensional * MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials * chemistry   MeSH
• Biomedical Technology MeSH
• Polyglycolic Acid chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymers * MeSH
• Elasticity MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Tissue Engineering * MeSH
• Tissue Scaffolds MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

In this review, we collected and presented evidence from the scientific literature regarding the biotechnological production and applications of limonene and its oxidative derivates in various fields such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic or polymer industries. Limonene biotransfor-mations may be regarded as biotechnological processes aligned to sustainable development. Advantages associated with these bioprocesses include the use of by-products as raw materials, mild reaction conditions, high regio-and stereoselectivity and the production of value-added prod-ucts. The biological activities of limonene and its oxidative derivates, such as carveol, carvone, limonene-1,2-diol, α-terpineol, or perillyl alcohol, suggest that the terpene biotechnology is becoming a promising and prosperous science.

• MeSH
• Biotechnology methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Limonene * chemistry   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Limonene Hydroxylases chemistry   MeSH
• Monoterpenes chemical synthesis   chemistry   MeSH
• Terpenes chemical synthesis   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Galectin-3 plays a crucial role in cancerogenesis; its targeting is a prospective pathway in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Multivalent presentation of glycans was shown to strongly increase the affinity of glycoconjugates to galectin-3. Further strengthening of interaction with galectin-3 may be accomplished using artificial glycomimetics with apt aryl substitutions. We established a new, as yet undescribed chemoenzymatic method to produce selective C-3-substituted N,N'-diacetyllactosamine glycomimetics and coupled them to human serum albumin. From a library of enzymes, only β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Talaromyces flavus was able to efficiently synthesize the C-3-propargylated disaccharide. Various aryl residues were attached to the functionalized N,N'-diacetyllactosamine via click chemistry to assess the impact of the aromatic substitution. In ELISA-type assays with galectin-3, free glycomimetics exhibited up to 43-fold stronger inhibitory potency to Gal-3 than the lactose standard. Coupling to human serum albumin afforded multivalent neo-glycoproteins with up to 4209-fold increased inhibitory potency per glycan compared to the monovalent lactose standard. Surface plasmon resonance brought further information on the kinetics of galectin-3 inhibition. The potential of prepared neo-glycoproteins to target galectin-3 was demonstrated on colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1 cells. We investigated the uptake of neo-glycoproteins into cells and observed limited non-specific transport into the cytoplasm. Therefore, neo-glycoproteins primarily act as efficient scavengers of exogenous galectin-3 of cancer cells, inhibiting its interaction with the cell surface, and protecting T-lymphocytes against galectin-3-induced apoptosis. The present neo-glycoproteins combine the advantage of a straightforward synthesis, selectivity, non-toxicity, and high efficiency for targeting exogenous galectin-3, with possible application in the immunomodulatory treatment of galectin-3-overexpressing cancers.

• MeSH
• Biomimetic Materials chemical synthesis   chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Galectins antagonists & inhibitors   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Glycoproteins chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Kinetics MeSH
• Blood Proteins antagonists & inhibitors   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Molecular Structure MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a key component of modern total joint replacements (TJR). The most frequently replaced human joints are hips and knees, followed by shoulders, elbows, etc. However, UHMWPE liners are the most loaded components of the implants. Consequently, the main materialrelated reasons of TJR failures are wear and oxidative degradation of the polymer. Resistance to wear (i.e. release of microscopic particles from the polymer surface) is increased by radiation-induced crosslinking. Oxidation stability (i.e. resistance of polymer to chain scissions and deterioration of mechanical properties) is enhanced by means of suitable thermal treatment and sterilization protocols. The most recent trend is to employ a biocompatible stabilizer – vitamin E – for further improvement and finetuning of UHMWPE performance. This review summarizes the recent developments in UHMWPE modifications, which come both from the author’s institute and from the world, and which should further increase lifespan of total joint replacements.

• MeSH
• alpha-Tocopherol MeSH
• Arthroplasty, Replacement * MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials chemical synthesis   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Biomechanical Phenomena MeSH
• Radiation Dosage MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polyethylenes * chemical synthesis   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Polymers * chemical synthesis   chemistry   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Joint Prosthesis MeSH
• Materials Testing MeSH
• Gamma Rays MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH