Concentration addition
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Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major problem for many people living on wheat-based diets. Here, we explored whether addition of green manure of red clover and sunflower to a calcareous soil or inoculating a non-indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) strain may increase grain Zn concentration in bread wheat. For this purpose we performed a multifactorial pot experiment, in which the effects of two green manures (red clover, sunflower), ZnSO4 application, soil γ-irradiation (elimination of naturally occurring AMF), and AMF inoculation were tested. Both green manures were labeled with 65Zn radiotracer to record the Zn recoveries in the aboveground plant biomass. Application of ZnSO4 fertilizer increased grain Zn concentration from 20 to 39 mg Zn kg-1 and sole addition of green manure of sunflower to soil raised grain Zn concentration to 31 mg Zn kg-1. Adding the two together to soil increased grain Zn concentration even further to 54 mg Zn kg-1. Mixing green manure of sunflower to soil mobilized additional 48 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 for transfer to the aboveground plant biomass, compared to the total of 132 µg Zn (kg soil)-1 taken up from plain soil when neither green manure nor ZnSO4 were applied. Green manure amendments to soil also raised the DTPA-extractable Zn in soil. Inoculating a non-indigenous AMF did not increase plant Zn uptake. The study thus showed that organic matter amendments to soil can contribute to a better utilization of naturally stocked soil micronutrients, and thereby reduce any need for major external inputs.
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- chléb * MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- hnůj * MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kyselina pentetová chemie MeSH
- minerály chemie MeSH
- mykorhiza fyziologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza mikrobiologie MeSH
- pšenice metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- zinek metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- fluoridy MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- konzervace krve MeSH
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- krevní transfuze MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
HPLC determination of a background level of 8 oxodG and 2-dG in rat liver after addition of copper to perfusate was developed. The reversed phase analytical column Purospher® STAR C18e with 50 mmol L1 phosphate buffer, pH 5.5 and methanol (92:8, v/v) mobile phase was applied for the analysis. The validation of the HPLC method according to linearity, accuracy and precision was carried out. Oxidative DNA damage (expressed as concentration ratio of 8-oxodG/106 2-dG) was determined by the simultaneous measuring of 2-dG with UV detection followed by coulochemical detection of 8 oxodG. The procedure using a model of liver damage caused by intoxication with copper and ischemia / reperfusion with addition of various concentrations of CuSO4 to the perfused rat livers was tested. The aim of this study was to decide whether the toxicity of copper in liver perfusates is related to protein oxidation and oxidative DNA damage. The high contribution to the DNA damage can be related to the physical liver manipulation during harvest and reperfusion as well as to artefacts induced during the sample preparation (time-consuming sample handling during DNA isolation and extraction). The obtained results pointed out that the DNA damage occurred already during liver handling even before application of CuSO4, whereby concentration of CuSO4 higher than 0.03 mmol L1 caused a total liver damage, which led to a complete stop of the flow of the perfusate.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- deoxyguanosin chemie MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky * metody využití MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- měď * toxicita MeSH
- nemoci jater * MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- poškození DNA * MeSH
- spektrofotometrie metody využití MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie * metody využití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hustota lyofilizovaných očních lamel3. Ovlivnění hustoty přísadou pilokarpiniumchloridu nebo skopolaminiumbromiduJe sledováno ovlivnění hustoty očních lamel získaných lyofilizací hydrogelu hydroxypropylmetylce-lulózy (HPMC 4000) v koncentraci 40 g/l přísadou pilokarpiniumchloridu nebo skopolaminiumbro-midu. Hustota základního xerogelu 66,4 g/l je výrazně zvýšena v přítomnosti 54,3 g/lpilokarpiniumchloridu. Naopak nižší koncentrace 11,4 g/l skopolaminiumbromidu hustotu mírněsnižuje. Změny hustoty ovlivňují aktuální koncentraci léčivé látky v hydratovaných lamelách.Změny jsou výrazné především u pilokarpiniumchloridu, kde je třeba změnám hustoty lyofilizova-ných očních lamel věnovat zvýšenou pozornost.
The paper examines the effects on the density of ophthalmic lamellae obtained by lyophilisation ofthe hydrogel of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC 4000) in a concentration of 40 g/l due to anaddition of pilocarpinium chloride or scopolaminium bromide. The density of the basic xerogel66.4 g/l is markedly increased in the presence of 54.3 g/l pilocarpinium chloride. On the other hand,a lower concentration of 11.4 g/l scopolaminium bromide slightly decreases the density. Changes indensity influence the actual concentration of the active ingredient in hydrated lamellae. Changesare marked primarily in pilocarpinium chloride where changes in the density of lyophilisedophthalmic lamellae must be paid special attention to.
Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task (PASAT) is a complex task commonly used to examine patients with diffuse brain damage. A visual version of the neuropsychological test (Paced Visual Serial-Addition Task, PVSAT) has also been introduced to clinical practice, and both versions were adapted to be used in neuroimaging, namely functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The aim of our work was direct comparison of auditory and visual versions of the paced serial addition test (PASAT/PVSAT) in a within-subject and within-session study and description of the commonalities and differences in both activated and deactivated brain regions. Twenty young adult right-handed healthy volunteers participated in the study and underwent whole-brain fMRI examination during PASAT and PVSAT performance. Higher-level statistical analysis was performed to generate group mean activation and deactivation maps for both tasks, their conjunctions and differences across modalities. In PASAT/PVSAT activation conjunction analysis, we confirmed the existence of a modality-independent neural network similar to working memory tasks and to previous PASAT or PVSAT studies. In PASAT/PVSAT deactivation conjunction analysis, we observed a rather symmetrical extensive pattern of deactivated regions, overlapping the default mode network. Significant differences between PASAT and PVSAT were found in the right frontal eye field (FEF) and bilaterally in the striate and extrastriate cortices. Activation in one task and deactivation in the other jointly contributed to significant differences in all occipital and occipitotemporal regions. Both tasks activated right FEF, but activation during PASAT was significantly stronger than during PVSAT. Between-modality differences should be considered when preparing and interpreting neuroimaging experiments.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
- pozornost fyziologie MeSH
- světelná stimulace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
We report a chiral switch in the configuration of 1-(p-methoxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol, synthesized in aqueous media by ketoreductase in the presence of high concentration of gamma-CD. NMR, ECD and fluorescence spectrometry were used in the effort to explain this unexpected effect. A comparison has been made between the catalytic activity of the enzyme and alpha-helix content in the conformation and it has been observed that enzyme is most active at the maximum alpha-helix content. The beta-sheet content and random coil conformation in the enzyme were found to be dependent on cyclodextrin concentration.
- MeSH
- alkoholdehydrogenasa metabolismus MeSH
- alkoholoxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
- gama-cyklodextriny chemie MeSH
- ketony chemie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- Thermoanaerobacterium enzymologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study was conducted to determine the effect of 1-stage homogenization (OSH) and 2-stage homogenization (TSH) and the addition of polysaccharides [κ-carrageenan (CR) or furcellaran (FR) at levels ranging from 0.000 to 1.000% (wt/wt)] on the physicochemical, viscoelastic, and mechanical vibration damping properties of processed cheese sauces (PCS) after 30 d of storage (6 ± 2°C). The basic chemical properties (pH, dry matter content) were similar for all tested samples. Viscoelastic measurements indicated that PCS rigidity was directly proportional to increasing CR or FR concentration and to the application of homogenization. The interactions between the application of homogenization and the concentration of polysaccharides used were also significant. Compared with OSH, TSH did not lead to any further increase in the rigidity. The preceding results were also supported by data obtained from a nondestructive method of mechanical vibration damping. No changes in water activity were observed in any PCS sample. Overall, the addition of FR or CR appeared to be highly suitable for increasing the emulsion stability of PCS. If PCS products with softer consistency are desired, then a concentration of CR/FR ≤0.250% (wt/wt) could be recommended together with OSH/TSH. For products for which a firmer PCS consistency is required, the addition of CR in concentrations of ≥0.500% (wt/wt) or FR in concentrations of ≥1.000% (wt/wt) together with OSH is recommended. Finally, as the concentration of polysaccharides increased, a darker PCS color was observed.
- MeSH
- karagenan MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
- reologie MeSH
- sýr * analýza MeSH
- thyreotropin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic and the essential elements iron and selenium in the tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and fat) of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) without and with supplemental selenium addition. Another aim was to determine the effect of selenium addition on the indicators of oxidative stress, namely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin E. The research was carried out with 40 fallow deer during two research periods. Supplemental feed without selenium addition was provided during the first research period, and supplemental feed with added selenium (3 mg/kg) was provided for 60 days during the second research period. The concentration of selenium in tissues was higher in the second research period than in the first research period (in kidney tissue, 0.957 vs. 0.688 mg/kg, P < 0.05). The dietary addition of selenium decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead in the spleen = 0.06 vs. 0.27 mg/kg and in the fatty tissue = 0.17 vs. 0.69 mg/kg; arsenic in the muscle tissue = 0.005 vs. 0.014 mg/kg, liver = 0.003 vs. 0.009 mg/kg, spleen = 0.004 vs. 0.013 mg/kg, and fat = 0.008 vs. 0.016 mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second research period than in the first research period (1375.36 vs. 933.23 U/L).
- MeSH
- arsen MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa krev metabolismus MeSH
- játra chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- ledviny chemie MeSH
- orgánová specificita účinky léků MeSH
- rtuť MeSH
- selen analýza krev MeSH
- slezina chemie metabolismus MeSH
- svaly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- vitamin E MeSH
- vysoká zvěř krev MeSH
- železo MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chorvatsko MeSH
In recent years, CM has become increasingly popular in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of OSD forms. Most of the newly developed APIs nowadays are extremely cohesive and sticky with a mean particle size particle of <100 μm, a wide PSD and a high tendency to agglomerate, making them difficult to accurately dose using loss-in-weight equipment during CM. In this research paper, the effect of various glidants on the volumetric and gravimetric feeding of several APIs was assessed. Three challenging API (APAPμ, MPT and SD) and four different glidants (Aerosil® 200, Aerosil® R972, Syloid® 244FP and TRI-CAFOS® 200-7) were selected. For all feeding trials, a GEA CF equipped with 20 mm concave screws was used, in combination with an external catch scale. The volumetric feeding trials showed the ability of each glidant to increase the FFmax and reduce the FFmovRSD40 and the FFdecay for the cohesive APIs (APAPμ and MPT). Although the fumed silica grades showed the highest impact on the previously mentioned feeding parameters, low AE10 values were obtained, negatively affecting the feeding performance at higher glidant concentration. Both Syloid 244FP and TCP were good alternatives. However, to obtain a similar feeding performance a higher concentration of these glidants is required. The volumetric trials showed that glidant addition has no additional benefits for APIs with good flow properties such as SD. The second part of this paper discussed the impact of glidant addition on the gravimetric feeding behavior of the cohesive powders. Both the fumed silica grades (Aerosil® 200 and Aerosil® R972) and Syloid 244FP lowered the deviation on all LC% profiles of the cohesive APIs. In contrast to the volumetric trails, blends with excess fumed silica resulted in low AE10 values which are efficiently dosed by the CF during the gravimetric feeding.
