První ilustrovaná kniha o tradiční čínské medicíně publikovaná v češtině. Přehledně a srozumitelně vás provede touto problematikou krok za krokem. Seznámí vás s učením o pěti prvcích, s učením o projevech vnitřních orgánů, seznámí vás se základním pojetím Čchi, krve a tělních tekutin, s patogenními faktory a s osmi terapeutickými metodami tradiční čínské medicíny.

• MeSH
• čchi MeSH
• jin-jang MeSH
• tradiční čínská medicína MeSH
• Publikační typ
• obrazové publikace MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzioterapie. Psychoterapie. Alternativní lékařství
• NLK Obory
• alternativní lékařství

Due to the development of Marine aquaculture, infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus are common all over the world. Symptoms of V. vulnificus infection vary from gastrointestinal illness to septicemia. After infection with V. vulnificus, some patients showed gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, fever, diarrhea, and so on. Others appeared wound infection at the site of contact with bacteria, and even developed sepsis. Once it develops into sepsis, the prognosis of patients is very poor. However, its underlying pathogenic mechanism remains largely undetermined. Growing evidence shows that it can induce primary septicemia mainly via essential virulence factors and regulators. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that play roles in sepsis. In this review, we systematically expounded the role of V. vulnificus virulence factors and regulators in its infection-induced sepsis in order to provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of V. vulnificus.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Vibrio mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sepse mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Vibrio vulnificus genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• hluk na pracovišti škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidita MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní lymfatická leukemie * terapie   MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• antigeny CD19 * imunologie   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chimerické antigenní receptory imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH

A Gram stain-positive, rod-shaped, motile, aerobic and terminal endospore formation bacterium, designated YIM B00362T, was isolated from saline soil samples collected from a salt lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole genomes indicated that the isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus. However, the highest sequence similarity between strain YIM B00362T and the relatives was only 94.4%. Moreover, the DNA-DNA relatedness and ANI values between the novel isolate and the relative type strain, Paenibacillus antri SYSU K30003T was 13.6% and 70.3%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0 and the major quinone was MK-7. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglyceride, and two unidentified polar lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 50.9 mol%. The major whole-cell sugars contained glucose and galactose. On the basis of physiological, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain YIM B00362T represents a novel species of genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM B00362T (= KCTC 43272 T = CGMCC 1.18801 T = NBRC 114667 T).

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• jezera MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• Paenibacillus * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

With hypoxic stress, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are elevated and their responses are altered in skeletal muscles of plateau animals [China Qinghai-Tibetan plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)] as compared with control animals [normal lowland Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats]. The results indicate that HIF-1alpha and VEGF are engaged in physiological functions under hypoxic environment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the protein levels of VEGF receptor subtypes (VEGFRs: VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3) in the end organs, namely skeletal muscle, heart and lung in response to hypoxic stress. ELISA and Western blot analysis were employed to determine HIF-1alpha and the protein expression of VEGFRs in control animals and plateau pikas. We further blocked HIF-1alpha signal to determine if HIF-1alpha regulates alternations in VEGFRs in those tissues. We hypothesized that responsiveness of VEGFRs in the major end organs of plateau animals is differential with insult of hypoxic stress and is modulated by low oxygen sensitive HIF-1alpha. Our results show that hypoxic stress induced by exposure of lower O(2) for 6 h significantly increased the levels of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung and the increases were amplified in plateau pikas. Our results also demonstrate that hypoxic stress enhanced VEGFR-3 in lungs of plateau animals. Nonetheless, no significant alternations in VEGFR-1 were observed in those tissues with hypoxic stress. Moreover, we observed decreases of VEGFR-2 in skeletal muscle, heart and lung; and decreases of VEGFR-3 in lung following HIF-1alpha inhibition. Overall, our findings suggest that in plateau animals 1) responsiveness of VEGFRs is different under hypoxic environment; 2) amplified VEGFR-2 response appears in skeletal muscle, heart and lung, and enhanced VEGFR-3 response is mainly observed in lung; 3) HIF-1alpha plays a regulatory role in the levels of VEGFRs. Our results provide the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for hypoxic environment in plateau animals, having an impact on research of physiological and ecological adaptive responses to acute or chronic hypoxic stress in humans who living at high attitude and who live at a normal sea level but suffer from hypoxic disorders.

• MeSH
• aklimatizace MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• faktor 1 indukovatelný hypoxií - podjednotka alfa metabolismus   MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• hypoxie metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• Lagomorpha metabolismus   MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• orgánová specificita fyziologie   MeSH
• plíce metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• receptory vaskulárního endoteliálního růstového faktoru metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Tibet MeSH

Haploinsufficiency of Meis homeobox 2 (MEIS2), encoding a transcriptional regulator, is associated with human cleft palate, and Meis2 inactivation leads to abnormal palate development in mice, implicating MEIS2 functions in palate development. However, its functional mechanisms remain unknown. Here we observed widespread MEIS2 expression in the developing palate in mice. Wnt1Cre -mediated Meis2 inactivation in cranial neural crest cells led to a secondary palate cleft. Importantly, about half of the Wnt1Cre ;Meis2f/f mice exhibited a submucous cleft, providing a model for studying palatal bone formation and patterning. Consistent with complete absence of palatal bones, the results from integrative analyses of MEIS2 by ChIP sequencing, RNA-Seq, and an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing identified key osteogenic genes regulated directly by MEIS2, indicating that it plays a fundamental role in palatal osteogenesis. De novo motif analysis uncovered that the MEIS2-bound regions are highly enriched in binding motifs for several key osteogenic transcription factors, particularly short stature homeobox 2 (SHOX2). Comparative ChIP sequencing analyses revealed genome-wide co-occupancy of MEIS2 and SHOX2 in addition to their colocalization in the developing palate and physical interaction, suggesting that SHOX2 and MEIS2 functionally interact. However, although SHOX2 was required for proper palatal bone formation and was a direct downstream target of MEIS2, Shox2 overexpression failed to rescue the palatal bone defects in a Meis2-mutant background. These results, together with the fact that Meis2 expression is associated with high osteogenic potential and required for chromatin accessibility of osteogenic genes, support a vital function of MEIS2 in setting up a ground state for palatal osteogenesis.

• MeSH
• crista neuralis cytologie   MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nervové kmenové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• osteogeneze * MeSH
• patro embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• vazebná místa MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Algoritmus screeningových vyšetření pacientů s geneticky podmínuným vyšším rizikem malignit se liší od algoritmu vyšetření běžné populace. Největší skupinu takto sledovaných pacientů tvoří pacienti s hereditárním syndromem nádorů prsu a ovária. Profylaktická mastektomie a adnexektomie za účelem minimalizace rizika je řešením pouze pro část pacientek. Zbytku lze nabídnout pravidelné vyšetření v krátkých časových intervalech pomocí mamografie, ultrazvuku, magnetické rezonance a klinického vyšetření. Podobně je tomu u pacientů s dalšími hereditárními syndromy s vyšším rizikem karcinomu prsu jako Cowdenův syndrom a Li-Fraumeni syndrom. U pacientů s hereditárnimi syndromy s vyšším rizikem kolorektálního karcinomu (Familiární adenomatósní polypósa, Lynchův syndrom) jsou doporučovány v rámci screeningu pravidelná vyšetření zažívacího traktu zpravidla už od mladého věku. V některých případech by mohla být řešením primární prevence, tedy profylaktické operace: profylaktická subkutánní mastektomie, adnexektomie nebo subtotální kolektomie. Ačkoliv profylaktické operace významně redukují riziko malignit, jsou do určité míry mutilující.

Surveillance recommendations to high risk patients with inherited malignancy syndrome are different from generally recommended screening algorithm. Among these high risk patients, the largest number are women with breast and ovarian cancer hereditary syndrome ( BRCA1, 2 mutation carriers). To minimize the risk of developing cancer, a number of these patients undergo prophylactic mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The women who do not desire prophylactic surgery are offered more intensive surveillance programme – clinical examination, mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging at regular intervals. A similar surveillance regimen is recommended to patients with other hereditary syndromes, who are also at higher risk of developing breast cancer – Cowden syndrom and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The surveillance of patients at high risk of colorectal cancer within a recognized inherited cancer syndrom (familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome) includes regular GIT examinations, beginning often at early ages. Prophylactic surgery ( profylactic bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy, adnexectomy or subtotal colectomy) appears to be the only primary prevention approach available to date. The lifetime risk of cancer development is significantly reduced in patients undergoing prophylactic surgery. However, there are disadvantages to this solution including serious physical and psychological impairment.

• MeSH
• dědičné nádorové syndromy diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• familiární adenomatózní polypóza diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• geny BRCA1 MeSH
• geny BRCA2 MeSH
• geny p53 MeSH
• lékařská onkologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Liův-Fraumeniho syndrom diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Lynchův syndrom II diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nádory prsu diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Peutzův-Jeghersův syndrom diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• plošný screening metody   využití   MeSH
• primární prevence metody   MeSH
• sekundární prevence metody   MeSH
• syndrom mnohočetného hamartomu diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Linoleic acid (LA), an essential fatty acid, has emerged as a pivotal regulator in disorders associated with inflammation in recent years; however, the underlying mechanisms are still not completely understood. We utilized network pharmacology and experimental methodologies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of LA. Our network pharmacology analysis revealed that LA shares common targets with sepsis. These targets are enriched in various pathways comprising C-type signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, AMPK signaling pathway, and autophagy-animal. These findings suggest that LA may exert regulatory effects on inflammation and autophagy during sepsis. Subsequently, we established in vivo and ex vivo models of sepsis using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in experimental study. Treatment with LA reduced lung damage in mice with LPS-induced lung injury, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF). LA also decreased the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to LPS. In LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, LA induced an elevation in LC3-II while causing a reduction in p62, which was associated with downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We utilized 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to inhibit the autophagic activity, which reversed the modulatory effects of LA on LC3-II and p62. 3-MA also prevented the decline in TLR4 expression along with reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Our findings suggest that the activation of autophagy by LA may lead to the downregulation of TLR4, thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory effects.

• MeSH
• autofagie * účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina linolová * farmakologie   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy * toxicita   MeSH
• makrofágy * účinky léků   metabolismus   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• RAW 264.7 buňky MeSH
• sepse chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   imunologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• toll-like receptor 4 * metabolismus   MeSH
• zánět * metabolismus   farmakoterapie   chemicky indukované   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can enhance plant Cr tolerance through immobilizing Cr in mycorrhizal roots. However, the detailed processes and mechanisms are unclear. The present study focused on cellular distribution and speciation of Cr in both extraradical mycelium (ERM) and mycorrhizal roots exposed to Cr(VI) by using field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (FE-SEM-EDS), scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy techniques. We found that amounts of particles (possibly extracellular polymeric substances, EPS) were produced on the AM fungal surface upon Cr(VI) stress, which contributed greatly to Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization. With EDS of the surface of AM fungi exposed to various Cr(VI) levels, a positive correlation between Cr and P was revealed, suggesting that phosphate groups might act as counter ions of Cr(III), which was also confirmed by the XAFS analysis. Besides, STXM and XAFS analyses showed that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in AM fungal structures (arbuscules, intraradical mycelium, etc.) and cell walls in mycorrhizal roots, and complexed possibly with carboxyl groups or histidine analogues. The present work provided evidence of Cr immobilization on fungal surface and in fungal structures in mycorrhizal roots at a cellular level, and thus unraveled the underlying mechanisms by which AM symbiosis immobilize Cr.

• MeSH
• chrom analýza   chemie   MeSH
• fosfáty metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mycelium metabolismus   MeSH
• mykorhiza metabolismus   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
• struktury hub * MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH