INTRODUCTION: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is one of the most common running-related injuries. PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of PF and identify potential risk or protective factors for PF in runners and non-runners. METHODS: Data from 1206 participants from the 4HAIE cohort study (563 females/643 males; 715 runners/491 non-runners; 18-65 yr of age) were included in the analysis. We collected biomechanical data during overground running using a three-dimensional motion capture system at the baseline and running distance data via retrospective questionnaires and followed the participants for 12 months following the baseline data collection. Participants were asked weekly about any sports-related injury (including PF). A binary logistic regression was performed to reveal potential associations between running distance and biomechanical risk factors and PF while controlling for running distance, sex, and age. RESULTS: The total incidence of PF was 2.3% (28 PF from 1206 participants), 2.5% in runners and 2.0% in non-runners ( P = 0.248). Runners who ran more than 40 km·wk -1 had six times higher odds of suffering PF than individuals who ran 6-20 km·wk -1 ( P = 0.009). There was a significant association between maximal ankle adduction and PF; that is, runners with a lower abduction angle during the stance period had higher risk of PF ( P = 0.024). No other biomechanical variables indicated significant associations with PF. CONCLUSIONS: Regular running with a moderate weekly volume and more toeing out of the foot relative to the shank may reduce the risk against PF in runners, which may be useful for researchers, runners, coaches, and health professionals to minimize PF injury risk.

• MeSH
• běh * fyziologie   zranění   MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fasciitida plantární * epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Setkáváme se s výrazným nárůstem psychických potíží v adolescentním věku. adolescence je specifické období ve vývoji člověka, v průběhu kterého se mladý člověk osamostatňuje, na druhou stranu je více zranitelný. rodinné faktory se mohou podílet na zvýšení rizika rozvoje duševní poruchy, ale mohou také působit protektivně. rozvoj psychických potíží je obvykle multifaktoriálně podmíněn. V soudobých transakčních modelech je role rodiny v etiopatogenezi těchto poruch vysvětlována komplexními recipročními interakcemi mezi individuální zranitelností jedince a rodinným prostředím. rodinné příslušníky adolescenta lze také zapojit do léčby. existuje několik psychoterapeutických postupů, které byly adaptovány pro práci s adolescenty, a většina z nich nabízí i možnost práce s rodinou.

We are experiencing a significant increase in mental health problems in adolescence. adolescence is a specific period of human development during which a young person gains more independence, but at the same time becomes also more vulnerable. Family factors can both contribute to an increased risk of developing a mental disorder, and serve as a protective factor. the development of mental health problems is usually multifactorial. in contemporary transactional models, the role of the family in the etiopathogenesis of these disorders is explained by complex reciprocal interactions between the individual‘s vulnerability and the family environment. Family members of the adolescent can also be involved in treatment. there are several psychotherapeutic procedures that have been adapted for working with adolescents, and most of them offer a possibility of working with their family.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy diagnóza   epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• psychoterapie metody   MeSH
• rodina * psychologie   MeSH
• sebepoškozování diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• vývoj mladistvých * MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Úvod: Očkovanie proti rotavírusom je účinným nástrojom prevencie rotavírusových gastroenteritíd (RVGE) a nimi spôsobených hospitalizácií. Cieľom tejto práce je opísať stav zaočkovanosti proti rotavírusom u detí do 5 rokov v kmeni zdravotnej poisťovne Dôvera v rokoch 2019–2023 a vyhodnotiť vplyv očkovania na výskyt hospitalizácií s diagnózou RVGE. Súbor pacientov a metódy: Do analýzy boli zahrnutí poistenci zdravotnej poisťovne Dôvera narodení v rokoch 2019–2023 s kontinuálnym poistným vzťahom do konca júna 2024 alebo do úmrtia (n = 106 696). Stav očkovania u poistenca bol vyhodnotený na základe aspoň jedného výskytu predpisu vakcíny proti rotavírusom (ATC skupina J07BH) vo vykázanej zdravotnej starostlivosti. U poistencov boli sledované hospitalizácie s hlavnou diagnózou RVGE (A08.0). Výsledky: Zaočkovanosť proti rotavírusom v rokoch 2019–2023 bola na úrovni 46,4 %. Medzi jednotlivými krajmi Slovenska boli výrazné rozdiely v zaočkovanosti, od 32,7 % v Košickom kraji do 64,0 % v Bratislavskom. Vyššia zaočkovanosť v kraji korelovala s nižším výskytom hospitalizácií pre RVGE (R = -0,925, p < 0,001). Očkovanie proti rotavírusom znižovalo riziko hospitalizácie o 84 % v porovnaní s neočkovanými jedincami (HR = 0,16, CI= 0,14–0,18, p < 0,001, adjustované na pohlavie a kraj jedinca). Záver V rokoch 2019–2023 bola proti rotavírusom zaočkovaná menej ako polovica populácie do 5 rokov. Očkovanie proti rotavírusom je pritom výrazným nezávislým protektívnym faktorom pre výskyt hospitalizácií s RVGE. Zvýšenie zaočkovanosti dokáže nielen znížiť riziko hospitalizácií, má finančný šetriaci efekt, ale zároveň predchádza aj nežiadúcim následkom a komplikáciám RVGE.

Introduction: Vaccination against rotaviruses is an effective tool for preventing rotaviral gastroenteritis (RVGE) and associated hospitalizations. The aim of this study is to describe the state of vaccination against rotaviruses among children under 5 years of age in Dôvera Health Insurance Company from 2019 to 2023 and to evaluate the impact of vaccination on the incidence of hospitalizations with a diagnosis of RVGE. Patient Population and Methods: The analysis included insured individuals from Dôvera born between 2019 and 2023, with continuous insurance coverage until the end of June 2024 or until death (n = 106 696). The vaccination status was assessed based on at least one recorded prescription of the rotavirus vaccine (ATC group J07BH) in the healthcare claims data. Hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of RVGE (A08.0) were monitored among the insured individuals. Results: Vaccination coverage against rotaviruses in years 2019 to 2023 was at 46.4%. There were significant differences in vaccination rates across various regions of Slovakia, ranging from 32.7% in Košice region to 64.0% in Bratislava region. Higher vaccination rates in a region correlated with a lower incidence of RVGE-related hospitalizations (R = -0.925, p < 0.001). Vaccination against rotaviruses reduced the risk of hospitalization by 84% compared to unvaccinated individuals (HR = 0.16, CI= 0.14–0.18, p < 0.001, adjusted for sex and region). Conclusion: From 2019 to 2023, less than half of the population under 5 years old was vaccinated against rotaviruses. Vaccination against rotaviruses is a significant independent protective factor for the occurrence of RVGE-related hospitalizations. Increasing vaccination coverage can not only reduce hospitalization risks but also has financial savings effects while preventing adverse outcomes and complications associated with RVGE.

Pancreatic cancer (PC), particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is a significant global health issue with high mortality rates. PDAC, though only 3 % of cancer diagnoses, causes 7 % of cancer deaths due to its severity and asymptomatic early stages. Risk factors include lifestyle choices, environmental exposures, and genetic predispositions. Conditions like new-onset type 2 diabetes and chronic pancreatitis also contribute significantly. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD), and obesity. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption increase PC risk, while NAFPD and obesity, particularly central adiposity, contribute through chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Refined sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are also linked to increased PC risk, especially among younger individuals. Hormonal treatments and medications like statins, aspirin, and metformin have mixed results on PC risk, with some showing protective effects. The gut microbiome influences PC through the gut-pancreas axis, with disruptions leading to inflammation and carcinogenesis. Exposure to toxic substances, including heavy metals and chemicals, is associated with increased PC risk. Glycome changes, such as abnormal glycosylation patterns, are significant in PDAC development and offer potential for early diagnosis. Interactions between environmental and genetic factors are crucial in PDAC susceptibility. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to PDAC, but gene-environment interactions remain largely unexplored. Future research should focus on polygenic risk scores (PRS) and large-scale studies to better understand these interactions and their impact on PDAC risk.

• MeSH
• duktální karcinom slinivky břišní * etiologie   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• expozom * MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * etiologie   epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Elderly hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare and concurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are considered at high risk of IBD-related complications. We aimed to evaluate the short-,intermediate-, and long-term post-discharge complications among these patients. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter cohort study assessing outcomes of elderly individuals (≥60 years) hospitalized for an IBD flare who were tested for CDI (either positive or negative) and discharged. The primary outcome was the 3-month post-discharge IBD-related complication rates defined as steroid dependency, re-admissions (emergency department or hospitalization), IBD-related surgery, or mortality. We assessed post-discharge IBD-related complications within 6 month and mortality at 12 month among secondary outcomes. Risk factors for complication were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: In a cohort of 654 patients hospitalized for IBD {age 68.9 (interquartile range [IQR]): 63.9-75.2 years, 60.9% ulcerative colitis (UC)}, 23.4% were CDI-positive. Post-discharge complication rates at 3 and 6 months, and 12 months mortality, did not differ significantly between CDI-positive and CDI-negative patients (32% vs 33.1%, p = 0.8; 40.5% vs 42.5%, p = 0.66; and 4.6% vs 8%, p = 0.153, respectively). The Charlson comorbidity index was the only significant risk factor for complications within 3 months (aOR 1.1), whereas mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA]) use was protective (aOR 0.6). An UC diagnosis was the sole risk factor for complication at 6 months (aOR 1.5). Clostridioides difficile infection did not significantly impact outcomes or interact with IBD type. CONCLUSIONS: In elderly IBD patients hospitalized for IBD flare and subsequently discharged, a concurrent CDI infection was not associated with post-discharge IBD-related complications or mortality up to 1 year.

• MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * komplikace   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce * komplikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• propuštění pacienta MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• syndrom vzplanutí nemoci MeSH
• znovupřijetí pacienta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased rapidly, with considerable variation between European countries. The study examined the relationship between air pollutants, greenspace, and MetS and its components in the Czech and Swiss populations. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) (n = 4,931) and the Swiss cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) (n = 4,422) cohorts included participants aged 44-73 years. MetS was defined as abdominal obesity plus two additional components (hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides). Annual mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and greenspace (defined as the annual mean of normalized difference vegetation index within 500 m) were assigned to the individual residential level. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using multivariable logistic regressions with cluster-robust standard error, controlling for multiple confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in the Czech (51.1%) compared with Swiss (35.8%) population as were the concentration means of PM10 and PM2.5. In HAPIEE, a 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 14% higher odds of MetS (OR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 1.28). In SAPALDIA, no evidence was found for the associations between air pollutants and MetS (e.g. OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.90, 1.13 for PM2.5). No protective effects of normalized difference vegetation index on MetS were observed. Upon inspection of MetS components, PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were associated with higher odds of hypertension and elevated triglycerides in HAPIEE only, while PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were associated with higher odds of diabetes in SAPALDIA only. CONCLUSION: Individuals with higher exposures to PM2.5 may be at higher risk of MetS. The differential associations with MetS components between the cohorts deserve further investigation.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage is a significant complication following bowel resection in cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Previous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of anastomotic leakage on patients' postoperative course. However, there is still a lack of precise identification of the high-risk population and established strategies for preventing its occurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent bowel resection within the surgical phase III trial AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION investigating the impact of systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in cytoreductive surgery for primary ovarian cancer were included in this analysis. All patients in the AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION trial had undergone complete cytoreduction with no macroscopic residual disease. We analyzed the occurrence of anastomotic leakage regarding surgical procedure (non-lymphadenectomy vs. lymphadenectomy and non-stoma vs. stoma) using the Fisher test. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and its prognostic impact on survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Overall rate of anastomotic leakage was 7.1%. Notably, the Non-lymphadenectomy subgroup had a lower anastomotic leakage rate of 3.0% compared to the lymphadenectomy subgroup (11.2%, P = 0.005). The use of protective stoma placement resulted in an anastomotic leakage rate of 5.5% regardless of lymphadenectomy compared to the Non-Stoma subgroup (7.5%, P = 0.78). Increased blood loss (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per 100cc, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0001-1.09) and lymphadenectomy (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.41-11.40) were associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. Although anastomotic leakage demonstrated a numerical detrimental impact on median progression-free survival (PFS) (18 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 19 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, hazard ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.4, P = 0.53) and median overall survival (OS) (31 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 58 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.4 to 1.2, P = 0.17), the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Anastomotic leakage rates were lower in the Non-lymphadenectomy arm, the current standard of care. Blood loss and lymphadenectomy, as surrogate markers for extensive surgery, were associated with increased risk for anastomotic leakage. These findings highlight the importance of strategies to reduce surgical complexity and perioperative risk to improve clinical outcomes.

• MeSH
• cytoredukční chirurgie * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenektomie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nádory vaječníků * chirurgie   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• netěsnost anastomózy * etiologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) can be categorised into aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) NMOSD or seronegative NMOSD. While our knowledge of AQP4-IgG NMOSD has evolved significantly in the past decade, seronegative NMOSD remains less understood. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors of relapses and treatment responses in AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD. METHODS: This was a multicentre, international, retrospective cohort study using the MSBase registry. Recurrent relapse risk was assessed using an Andersen-Gill model and risk of first relapse was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Covariates that putatively influence relapse risk included demographic factors, clinical characteristics and immunosuppressive therapies; the latter was assessed as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS: A total of 398 patients (246 AQP4-IgG NMOSD and 152 seronegative NMOSD) were included. The AQP4-IgG NMOSD and seronegative NMOSD patients did not significantly differ by age at disease onset, ethnicity or annualised relapse rate. Both low-efficacy and high-efficacy immunosuppressive therapies were associated with significant reductions in recurrent relapse risk, with notably greater protection conferred by high-efficacy therapies in both AQP4-IgG NMOSD (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.49, p<0.001) and seronegative NMOSD (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.51, p<0.001). Longer disease duration (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p<0.001) and male sex (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.84, p=0.007) were additional protective variables in reducing the recurrent relapse risk for the AQP4-IgG NMOSD group. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are needed to improve our understanding of seronegative NMOSD, our findings underscore the importance of aggressive treatment with high-efficacy immunotherapies in both NMOSD subtypes, regardless of serostatus.

• MeSH
• akvaporin 4 * imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin G * krev   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuromyelitis optica * imunologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• recidiva * MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can manifest as disease of variable severity, ranging from subclinical infection to severe disease with neurological involvement and potentially fatal outcome. Although TBE is recognized as a major public health problem in Europe, the true burden of disease is potentially underestimated. Here, we investigated TBEV-specific antibody prevalence, infection incidence, and seroreversion and antibody decline rates in a prospective Swiss healthcare worker (HCW) cohort. We screened serum samples from 1444 HCWs between June and October 2020, and from a subset again between August and September 2021, using a TBEV envelope (E) protein IgG ELISA. Positive samples underwent further analysis with a TBEV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) IgG ELISA, and seroconversions in unvaccinated individuals were confirmed by seroneutralization testing. Questionnaire data were used to determine vaccination status and risk factors. TBEV E protein-specific IgG prevalence was 72.1% (95% CI 68.2-75.7%) in TBEV-vaccinated and 6% (95% CI 4.4-7.8%) in unvaccinated individuals. The estimated annual incidence of infection was 735/100,000. Age was the only factor significantly associated with seroprevalence. The seroreversion rate in unvaccinated individuals was 30.3% within one year, which is almost ten times higher than in vaccinated individuals (3.4%, annual decline rate 8.0%). NS1-specific IgG antibodies were six times more common in vaccinated than unvaccinated HCWs. In conclusion, undetected TBEV infections are common, and infection incidence is much higher than reported clinical cases. Individuals with abortive infections have high antibody decline and seroreversion rates. Whether lifelong protection is conferred and by which immune subsets remain unclear.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie   imunologie   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protilátky virové * krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy * imunologie   MeSH
• zdravotnický personál statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Švýcarsko MeSH

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between the vaccine formulation and the recipient's immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists in individual and population responses to vaccination, and these differences remain the focus of the ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, and genetic predisposition, influence immune responses. In contrast, the effects of overweight and obesity have not been as thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that a high body mass index (BMI) constitutes a significant risk factor for infections in general, with adipose tissue playing a crucial role in modulating the immune response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels of vaccine seroconversion have been observed among individuals with obesity. This review provides a plausible examination of the immunity and protection conferred by various vaccines in individuals with an overweight status, offering a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms to enhance vaccination efficiency.

• MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita * imunologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tuková tkáň * imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny * imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH