Sugar
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V kazuistice prezentujeme případ neobvyklého mezenchymálního tumoru plic. Jedná se tzv. plicní „sugar“ tumor, patřící do skupiny tumorů z perivaskulárních buněk (PEComů). Popisujeme případ 53leté ženy s náhodně rentgenologicky zachyceným dvoucentimetrovým ložiskem, která byla následně indikována k torakotomii. Histopatologické vyšetření odhalilo dobře ohraničený tumor ze světlých buněk s velmi vysokým obsahem glykogenu, vodojasnou cytoplazmou a pozitivitou HMB-45, S100, melan-A a vimentinu. Následně budou rozebrána dostupná fakta o tomto málo známém tumoru.
We present a case of rare mesenchymal lung neoplasm called pulmonary sugar tumor, member of perivascular epithelioid tumor family. A case of 53-years old woman with rounded, two centimeters wide lesion in right lung is described. The lession was incidentally detected on A-P chest X-ray. The patient was subsequently refered to surgical ward for thoracotomy. Histopathological examination revealed well-bounded clear cell tumor with abundant content of glycogen, water-like bright cytoplasm a positive immunohistochemy for HMB-45, S100, melan-A and vimentin immunomarkers and negative cytokeratines. Subsequently we discuss available facts about this not very well known tumor.
- Klíčová slova
- světlobuněčný tumor plic, perivaskulární epiteloidní buňky, PECom, mezenchymální plicní tumor,
- MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenchymom diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- multimodální zobrazování MeSH
- nádory plic * diagnóza chirurgie patologie MeSH
- nádory z perivaskulárních epiteloidních buněk * chirurgie patologie radiografie MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika hrudníku MeSH
- torakotomie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Sladidla jsou látky, které udělují potravině sladkou chuť. Jako sladidla obvykle označujeme látky, které mají vyšší sladivost než sacharóza, ale menší energetickou hodnotu. Náhradní sladidla, též nazývaná náhražka cukru (alternativní), mohou být přírodní nebo synteticky vyrobené látky. Název umělá sladidla se používá pro sladidla synteticky vyrobená. Přehled obsahuje sladidla v současné době používaná v potravinářském a farmaceutickém průmyslu a v kosmetice.
Sweeteners are substances that provide a sweet taste to food. The term sweeteners is usually used to refer to substances that possess a higher sweetness than sucrose, but provide less energy. Sugar substitutes (also referred to as sugar alternatives) can be natural or synthetically manufactured substances. The term artificial sweeteners is used for those manufactured synthetically.
Autoři uvádí kazuistiky raritního benigního plicního tumoru z jasných buněk a poukazují na to, že peroperační histologické vyšetření ze zmrazovacích řezů může být zavádějící a definitivní histologická verifikace procesu je možná až na základě imunohistochemických vyšetření.
The authors present the case reports of rare benign clear cells tumors of the lung (CCLT) and drawn attention, that examination from frozen sections can be misleading and definitive histological verification can be done on basis of immunohistochemical analysis and can be different from frozen sections examination.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory plic diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Higher-than-recommended sugar consumption (< 10% of total energy intake; WHO) leads to negative health impacts and the development of serious diseases. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) proved to be among the leading sources of free sugar intake, as they contain large amounts of added sugar. Our article aims to propose tax measures that will help change consumer behaviour and reduce SSBs consumption. METHODS: For a comparison of the forms of taxation, the experience of seven countries (Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Catalonia - Spain, and the UK) were analysed. The evolution of sugar consumption, consumption of sweetened drinks and obesity before and after the introduction and/or abolition of the sugar tax were reviewed. RESULTS: States that implemented a tax on SSBs were able to reduce SSBs consumption in the first year after the tax was introduced when states with a sugar-content-based tax have implemented it more effectively than states with a volume-based tax. Based on this finding, we propose basic design assumptions for the tax that can be used in European countries that have not yet introduced the tax. Progressive taxation divides beverages into 3 bands. The basic assumption is to encourage the desired consumer behaviour, i.e., consumption of SSBs with lower sugar content. The proposed tax design is applied to the conditions of the Czech Republic as a model case study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that SSBs taxation could be an effective policy intervention to improve population health by reducing the health impacts of SSBs among children and adolescents, although further studies are needed to prove the causality of the described associations.
- MeSH
- cukrem slazené nápoje * ekonomika MeSH
- daně * MeSH
- Evropská unie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
OBJECTIVES: In Czech children, the burden related to the high body-mass index is rising. In the last three decades, Western eating patterns have influenced Czech children's diet, including the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. This narrative review aims to evaluate evidence of the trend of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in Czech children and its impact on the prevalence of childhood abnormal adiposity. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review in MEDLINE (PubMed) and a hand search using references in identified articles were performed. The inclusion criteria were population-based studies of randomly selected samples of children from 0 to 18 years old, data involving the Czech population, published from 1990 to 2021. The results were organized into three sections - childhood abnormal adiposity, SSBs consumption, and the association between SSBs consumption and abnormal adiposity. RESULTS: The studies showed a significant increase in abnormal adiposity in both genders and all age categories. The highest prevalence of abnormal adiposity was observed in boys and younger children. On the contrary, sugar-sweetened beverages showed a significant decline in daily consumption among Czech children of both genders and all age categories. No results were found for consequences of abnormal adiposity concerning sugar-sweetened beverages consumption. CONCLUSION: Findings from this review could serve public health experts to detect the areas of a gap in research and establish potential interventions in vulnerable groups. Observation of potential obesogenic contributors - including sugar-sweetened beverages - should be an integral part of effective action against the obesity pandemic.
- MeSH
- adipozita MeSH
- cukrem slazené nápoje * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nápoje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Here, we present the results of a 2-year field trial aimed at testing the effect of overwintering on different feeds on the course of Nosema ceranae infection. In August 2015, four experimental bee colony groups were established. After the last honey harvest, each colony was provided with 20 kg of feed, either honey, sugar (3:2 solution in tap water), inverted syrup made of sucrose, or wheat starch syrup. Samples of live bees were collected from each beehive in August (before feeding), November, and May. The following year, feeding and sampling were performed in the same way. Bees were examined microscopically to estimate the percentage of Nosema-infected individuals in the sample and the spore number per bee. Fitness parameters were also measured in all colonies. In all hives, presence of N. ceranae was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction. Nosema apis was not detected in the apiary. Significant differences in nosematosis prevalence and/or intensity were observed between the experimental groups. For most parameters, best results were recorded in the group fed with honey. Worst fitness and highest nosematosis prevalence and intensity were found in colonies fed with wheat starch syrup.
High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The last report on the prevalence of SSBs consumption in Czechia was 17 years ago, an updated analysis will enable the design of appropriate public health policies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SSBs consumption in a Czech city during 2020 and 2022, and its association with cardiometabolic biomarkers, behavioral risk factors, and socioeconomic determinants. A total of 730 participants (33 to 73 years) were assessed from a random population-based survey. SSBs consumption was evaluated using two methods: by calorie amount, with a 24 h dietary recall, and by frequency, with a food frequency questionnaire. By calorie amount, the prevalence of SSBs consumption was none: 52.5%, low: 30.0%, and moderate-high: 17.5%; by frequency was never: 16.0%, occasionally: 64.1%, and daily: 19.9%. SSBs intake was higher in men (p < 0.001) and younger participants (p = 0.001). Men consuming daily had higher waist circumference and visceral fat area compared to both occasional and never consumers. Higher SSBs consumption was associated with low household income, middle education level, and high total energy intake. In total, 20% drank SSBs daily and 17.5% of participants consumed moderate-high calorie amounts of SSBs. These results represent an increase in the prevalence of SSBs consumption in the last two decades. Public health policies should target men of younger age and people with low education and income.
- MeSH
- cukrem slazené nápoje * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nápoje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
For many, sugar represents a threat to their health, a perception that is driven by increase in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders, which directly or indirectly is connected with the consumption of sugar. However, is sugar to blame for this health crisis, or are sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet equally important? Today, sugars and fats are being targeted for restriction or even prohibition. Should we get rid of sugar altogether and/or does it merit a reprieve? Is the effort to "outlaw" sugars a symptom of nutritional extremism that can be as harmful as any other type of extremism?
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- energetická sladidla škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
