schizoaffective disorder
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Úvod: Kombinácia schizofrenickej psychopatologickej štruktúry a afektívnej symptomatiky je častou klinickou realitou. Predstavuje nielen terapeutický ale aj diagnostický a prognostický problém. Miesto schizoafektívnej poruchy v súčasných klasifikačných systémoch nie je stabilné. Jedným z problémov je spôsob hodnotenia symptomatiky z časového hľadiska. Obidva symptómové okruhy môžu v čase existovať nezávisle od seba, resp. bývajú nerovnako klinicky vyjadrené. Metodika: Retrospektívne sa hodnotili údaje z hospitalizácií pacientov liečených na Psychiatrickej klinike LF UK a UN v Bratislave v roku 2001 s diagnózou schizoafektívnej poruchy (25.y). Zdrojom údajov boli chorobopisy pacientov. Hodnotili sme demografické a klinické charakteristiky pacientov v priebehu intervalu rokov 2001-2011. Výsledky: Do súboru sme zaradili 57 pacientov, ktorí boli v roku 2001 prepúšťaní z hospitalizácie s diagnózou F25.y V súbore pacientov so schizoafektívnou poruchou sme zistili vyšší priemerný vek a odlišné rodové rozdelenie s prevahou žien v porovnaní s pacientmi so schizofréniou. Pacienti so schizoafektívnou poruchou lepšie pracovne fungovali a boli neskôr invalidizovaní. V intervale sledovaných rokov sme z prierezového hľadiska zaznamenali častejší výskyt depresívnych epizód, pri longitudinálnom hodnotení bol častejší bipolárny priebeh. Stabilita diagnózy bola v priebehu sledovaného obdobia vysoká. Nepotvrdila sa však retrospektívna celoživotná stabilita diagnózy. Ako prvá diagnóza v priebehu schizoafektívnej poruchy sa diagnóza schizoafektívnej poruchy vyskytla u menej ako 30% pacientov. Záver: Hoci je schizoafektívna porucha existujúcou diagnostickou kategóriou, nie sú jednoznačne definované jej diagnostické kritériá. Výsledky výskumov a klinická prax naznačujú, že predstavuje heterogénnu skupinu stavov. Aj napriek dlhotrvajúcemu záujmu o túto duševnú poruchu, na úrovni dnešných poznatkov zostáva schizoafektívna porucha nestabilnou a kontroverznou diagnózou.
Objective: Combination of the schizophrenic psychopathological structure and affective symptomatology is a common clinical reality. It represents not only therapeutic but also diagnostic and prognostic problem. Position of schizoaífective disorder in contemporary classification systems has not been stable. One of the problems is the method of evaluation of symptoms in time. Both symptom clusters may exist independent of each other in time, resp. be unequally clinically expressed. Methodology: The authors retrospectively evaluated the data from hospitalisations of patients treated at the Psychiatric Clinic Medical Faculty CU and University Hospital Bratislava in 2001 with a diagnosis of schizoaífective disorder (25.y). Source of data were medical records of patients. We evaluated demographic and clinical characteristics of patients during the interval of years 2001-2011. Results: The study group included 57 patients who had been dismissed from the hospitalisation in the 2001 with a diagnosis F25.y In the group of patients with schizoaífective disorder, we found a higher average age and different gender distribution, predominantly female, compared with group of patients with schizophrenia. Patients with schizoaífective disorder had better working functioning and later disability pensioning because of mental disorder. During the study interval, in a cross-sectional view, we found increased incidence of depressive episodes, when assessing the longitudinal view, bipolar course was more frequent. The stability of diagnosis over the study period was high. However, retrospective life-time stability of diagnosis from the first diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder was not confirmed. Diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder occurred in less than 30% of patients. Conclusion: However, the schizoaffective disorder exist as a diagnostic category, has not clearly defined its diagnostic criteria. The results of researches and clinical practice suggest that it is a heterogeneous group. Despite long interest about this mental disorder, at todays level of knowledge, remains schizoaffective disorder unstable and controversial diagnosis.
- MeSH
- bipolární porucha * diagnóza epidemiologie klasifikace MeSH
- délka pobytu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza * MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- posuzování zdravotní způsobilosti MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- schizofrenie a poruchy s psychotickými rysy * diagnóza epidemiologie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Schizoafektivní porucha je často stanovovanou diagnózou, nicméně je k dispozici jen velmi omezený počet studií, v nichž byla zkoumána účinnost farmak při její léčbě. Pro léčbu schizoafektivní poruchy je indikována tabletová forma paliperidonu. Výsledky nedávno dokončené studie dlouhodobě působícího injekčního paliperidonu podávaného jednou měsíčně ukazují na přínos této formy paliperidonu pro udržovací léčbu schizoafektivní poruchy.
Although the schizoaffective disorder is frequently diagnosed, there have been only few trials assessing efficacy of treatments for this disorder. So far, only orally administered paliperidone had been approved for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder however, recently a relapse prevention study using the once-monthly injectable paliperidone formulation has been completed and its results show the benefit of this form of paliperidone in the maintenance treatment of schizoaffective disorder as well.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc terapie MeSH
- antipsychotika MeSH
- injekce intramuskulární MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paliperidon palmitát * aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- psychotické poruchy diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie MeSH
- způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Alpha activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is typically dominant during rest with closed eyes but suppressed by visual stimulation. Previous research has shown that alpha-blockade is less pronounced in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals, but no studies have examined it in schizoaffective disorder. METHODS: A resting state EEG was used for the analysis of the alpha-reactivity between the eyes closed and the eyes opened conditions in overall (8 - 13 Hz), low (8 - 10 Hz) and high (10 - 13 Hz) alpha bands in three groups: schizophrenia patients (SC, n = 30), schizoaffective disorder (SA, n = 30), and healthy controls (HC, n = 36). All patients had their first psychotic episode and were receiving antipsychotic therapy. RESULTS: A significant decrease in alpha power was noted across all subjects from the eyes-closed to eyes-open condition, spanning all regions. Alpha reactivity over the posterior regions was lower in SC compared to HC within overall and high alpha. SA showed a trend towards reduced alpha reactivity compared to HC, especially evident over the left posterior region within the overall alpha. Alpha reactivity was more pronounced over the middle and right posterior regions of SA as compared to SC, particularly in the high alpha. Alpha reactivity in SC and SA patients was associated with various negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply distinct alterations in arousal mechanisms in SC and SA and their relation to negative symptomatology. Arousal is more preserved in SA. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to compare the EEG features of arousal in SC and SA.
- MeSH
- alfa rytmus EEG * fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- oči patofyziologie MeSH
- psychotické poruchy * patofyziologie diagnóza MeSH
- schizofrenie * patofyziologie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perfenazin terapeutické užití MeSH
- psychotické poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- schizofrenie farmakoterapie MeSH
- sulpirid terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the coherence values of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHOD: We analysed EEG coherence in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7 in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and 40 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS: Task performance in HC is characterised by decreased coherence in the alpha bands and increased coherence in the beta 2 and gamma bands in frontal sites. In SZ, coherence decreases in the alpha band, whereas in SA it substantially increases in the alpha, beta1, beta 2 and gamma bands. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no differences in performance on a behavioural level, SA patients demonstrate a paradoxical increase in both low and fast frequency bands during the performance of a mental arithmetic task, while, patients with SZ show a decreased coherence in the alpha band, presumably alluding to the excessive excitatory (in SA) and inhibitory (in SZ) mechanisms in cognitive processing. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study provides evidence for the distinction of neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processing between SZ and SA.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- inteligenční testy MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matematika MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mozkové vlny * MeSH
- psychotické poruchy patofyziologie MeSH
- schizofrenie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spectral power of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at rest and during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHODS: We analyzed EEG spectral power (SP) in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7, in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and healthy controls (HC, n=40). Behavioral parameters such as accuracy and counting speed were also evaluated. RESULTS: Both SZ and SA patients were slower in counting than HC, no difference was obtained in the accuracy and counting speed in the patient groups. In the resting state patients showed elevated midline theta power, off-midline anterior beta 2 power and decreased central/posterior alpha power. The SA group occupied an intermediate position between the schizophrenia patients and controls. In task performance patients lacked a typical increase of midline theta, left anterior beta 2, and anterior gamma power; however, schizoaffective patients demonstrated a growing trend of power in the gamma band in left anterior off-midline sites similar to HC. Moreover, alpha power was less inhibited in schizoaffective patients and more pronounced in schizophrenia patients indicating distinct inhibitory mechanisms in these psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SA demonstrate less alteration in the spectral power of bands at rest than SZ, and present spectral power changes during cognitive task performance close to the controls. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study contributes to the present evidence on the neurophysiological distinction between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
- MeSH
- alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie MeSH
- beta rytmus EEG fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektroencefalografie * MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- matematika * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odpočinek fyziologie MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů * MeSH
- psychotické poruchy patofyziologie MeSH
- schizofrenie patofyziologie MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- theta rytmus EEG fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Myocarditis is a rare but life threatening adverse effect of clozapine. Some symptoms of myocarditis--elevated temperature, tachycardia and fatigue--appear commonly during the onset of treatment with clozapine and during the dose titration. We present a case of a patient with concurrent schizoaffective disorder and Parkinson's disease, who twice developed clozapine-induced myocarditis. All symptoms disappeared after the discontinuation of the drug. Early diagnosis, discontinuation of clozapine and supportive therapy of myocarditis lower the risk of a fatal outcome.
- MeSH
- antipsychotika škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- klozapin škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myokarditida chemicky indukované MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- periodicita MeSH
- psychotické poruchy farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- afektivní psychózy diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- antidepresiva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- antipsychotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- lithium aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- schizofrenie a poruchy s psychotickými rysy diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH