Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms characterised by their complex structures and a wide range of pigments. With their ability to fix CO2, cyanobacteria are interesting for white biotechnology as cell factories to produce various high-value metabolites such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, pigments, or proteins. White biotechnology is the industrial production and processing of chemicals, materials, and energy using microorganisms. It is known that exposing cyanobacteria to low levels of stressors can induce the production of secondary metabolites. Understanding of this phenomenon, known as hormesis, can involve the strategic application of controlled stressors to enhance the production of specific metabolites. Consequently, precise measurement of cyanobacterial viability becomes crucial for process control. However, there is no established reliable and quick viability assay protocol for cyanobacteria since the task is challenging due to strong interferences of autofluorescence signals of intercellular pigments and fluorescent viability probes when flow cytometry is used. We performed the screening of selected fluorescent viability probes used frequently in bacteria viability assays. The results of our investigation demonstrated the efficacy and reliability of three widely utilised types of viability probes for the assessment of the viability of Synechocystis strains. The developed technique can be possibly utilised for the evaluation of the importance of polyhydroxyalkanoates for cyanobacterial cultures with respect to selected stressor-repeated freezing and thawing. The results indicated that the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules in cyanobacterial cells could hypothetically contribute to the survival of repeated freezing and thawing.

• MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita * MeSH
• polyhydroxyalkanoáty metabolismus   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie * MeSH
• sinice metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• Synechocystis * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite secondary prevention with aspirin, patients with stable cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain at elevated long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The Cardiovascular Outcomes in People Using Anticoagulant Strategies (COMPASS) double-blind, randomized clinical trial demonstrated that aspirin plus low-dose rivaroxaban (COMPASS regime) significantly decreased the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events by 24% compared with aspirin alone. However, the mechanisms underlying these potential synergistic/nonantithrombotic effects remain elusive. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial messengers regulating a myriad of biological/pathological processes and are highly implicated in CVD. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that circulating EV profiles reflect the cardioprotective properties of the COMPASS regime. METHODS: A cohort of stable CVD patients (N = 40) who participated in the COMPASS trial and were previously randomized to receive aspirin were prospectively recruited and assigned a revised regimen of open-label aspirin plus rivaroxaban. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (aspirin only) and 6-month follow-up. Plasma EV concentration, size, and origin were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry. EVs were enriched by ultracentrifugation for proteomic analysis. RESULTS: The COMPASS regime fundamentally altered small (<200 nm) and large (200-1000 nm) EV concentration and size compared with aspirin alone. Crucially, levels of platelet-derived and myeloperoxidase-positive EVs became significantly decreased at follow-up. Comparative proteomic characterization further revealed a significant decrease in highly proinflammatory protein expression at follow-up. CONCLUSION: The observed changes in EV subpopulations, together with the differential protein expression profiles, suggest amelioration of an underlying proinflammatory and prothrombotic state upon dual therapy, which may be of clinical relevance toward understanding the fundamental mechanism underlying the reported superior cardiovascular outcomes associated with this antithrombotic regimen.

• MeSH
• Aspirin * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• extracelulární vezikuly * metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory agregace trombocytů * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inhibitory faktoru Xa * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * krev   prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu krev   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• rivaroxaban * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trombóza krev   prevence a kontrola   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zánět krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost zpracování MeSH
• únava * patofyziologie   etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in the nervous system modulates the processing of acute and chronic pain. CB1R activity is regulated by desensitization and internalization. SH3-containing GRB2-like protein 3-interacting protein 1 (SGIP1) inhibits the internalization of CB1R. This causes increased and prolonged association of the desensitized receptor with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) and beta-arrestin on the cell membrane and results in decreased activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Genetic deletion of SGIP1 in mice leads to altered CB1R-related functions, such as decreased anxiety-like behaviors, modified cannabinoid tetrad behaviors, reduced acute nociception, and increased sensitivity to analgesics. In this work, we asked if deletion of SGIP1 affects chronic nociception and analgesic effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) in mice. Methods: We measured tactile responses of hind paws to increasing pressure in wild-type and SGIP1 knock-out mice. Inflammation in the paw was induced by local injection of carrageenan. To determine the mechanical sensitivity, the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured using an electronic von Frey instrument with the progression of the applied force. Results: The responses to mechanical stimuli varied depending on the sex, genotype, and treatment. SGIP1 knock-out male mice exhibited lower PWT than wild-type males. On the contrary, the female mice exhibited comparable PWT. Following THC or WIN treatment in male mice, SGIP1 knock-out males exhibited PWT lower than wild-type males. THC treatment in SGIP1 knock-out females resulted in PWT higher than after THC treatment of wild-type females. However, SGIP1 knock-out and wild-type female mice exhibited similar PWT after WIN treatment. Conclusions: We provide evidence that SGIP1, possibly by interacting with CB1R, is involved in processing the responses to chronic pain. The absence of SGIP1 results in enhanced sensitivity to mechanical stimuli in males, but not females. The antinociceptive effect of THC is superior to that of WIN in SGIP1 knock-out mice in the carrageenan-induced model of chronic pain.

• MeSH
• benzoxaziny * farmakologie   MeSH
• hyperalgezie * genetika   MeSH
• morfoliny farmakologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• naftaleny MeSH
• nocicepce účinky léků   MeSH
• receptor kanabinoidní CB1 * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol * farmakologie   MeSH
• zánět * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl: V počtech mechanické trombektomie (MT) symptomatického uzávěru velké mozkové tepny u pacientů s akutní ischemickou cévní moz- kovou příhodou (iCMP) na počet obyvatel se řadí Česká republika na přední místa v Evropě. Cílem práce bylo na základě analýzy dat studie METRICS II (Mechanical Thrombectomy Quality Indicators Study in Czech Stroke Centers II) zhodnotit aktuální výsledky léčby iCMP a vývoj plnění indikátorů kvality napříč republikou. Sekundárním cílem práce byla subanalýza souboru z hlediska použité techniky MT a jejího vlivu na úspěšnost rekanalizace uzávěru velké mozkové tepny. Metodika: Národní prospektivní observační studie METRICS II probíhala v České republice od 1. ledna 2023 do 31. prosince 2023. Studie se zúčastnilo jedenáct z patnácti center provádějících MT. Všechna technická a klinická data byla sbírána prospektivně. Výsledky léčby iCMP byly následně srovnány s doporučenými hodnotami jednotlivých parametrů multioborového konsenzu a výsledky studie METRICS probíhající v roce 2019. Data vztahující se k vlastní technice MT v předním povodí byla podrobena subanalýze a statisticky zpracována z hlediska vlivu použité techniky na úspěšnost rekanalizace uzávěru velké mozkové tepny. Výsledky: V práci jsou analyzována data z jedenácti center, ve kterých byla mechanická trombektomie provedena celkem 1312 pacientům (51,1 % mužů) průměrného věku 70,9 roků (SD ± 12,7). Intravenózní trombolýzou (IVT) byli před MT léčeni 894 nemocní (68,2 %) a 426 (32,5 %) bylo sekundárně transportováno k MT z jiného centra. Získaná data z národní prospektivní observační studie METRICS II byla hodnocena jako celek i pro jednotlivá centra. Shoda výsledků péče s doporučeními navrženými multioborovým konsenzem byla velmi vysoká. Sedm center splnilo parametry všech doporučení. Ostatní centra nesplnila pouze ojedinělá kritéria a ve většině případů jen hraničně. Statistickým zpracováním souboru MT v přední cirkulaci byla prokázána signifikantní závislost mezi typem MT a dosažením rekanalizace (TICI 2b–3, p = 0,0004, resp. TICI 2c/3, p < 0,0001). Závěr: Výsledky studie METRICS II ukázaly vysokou kvalitu péče o pacienty s uzávěrem velké mozkové tepny léčených MT. Statistickým zpracováním souboru MT v přední cirkulaci byla prokázána signifikantní závislost mezi typem MT a dosažením rekanalizace. Pro skupinu pacientů, u kterých proběhla MT kombinací aspirace a rekanalizace za pomoci stentretrieveru sekundárně, byla nalezena signifikantně nižší úspěšnost rekanalizace uzávěru velké mozkové tepny.

Aim: The Czech Republic is among the leading countries in Europe in the number of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) procedures for symptomatic large vessel occlusion (LVO) in patients with acute ischemic stroke per population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current outcomes of acute ischemic stroke treatment and the development of treatment quality indicators in the Czech Republic based on the analysis of data from the METRICS II study (Mechanical Thrombectomy Quality Indicators Study in Czech Stroke Centres II). The secondary aim of the study was to subanalyze the cohort in terms of the MT technique used and its impact on the success of recanalisation of the LVO. Methods: The national prospective observational study METRICS II was conducted in the Czech Republic from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023. Eleven of the 15 centres performing MT participated in the study. All technical and clinical data were collected prospectively. The results of ischemic stroke treatment were then compared with the recommended values of the individual parameters of the multidisciplinary consensus and the results of the METRICS study ongoing in 2019. Data related to the actual technique of MT in the anterior circulation were subanalyzed and statistically processed for the effect of the technique used on the success of recanalization of the LVO. Results: Data from 11 centres in which mechanical thrombectomy was performed on a total of 1312 patients (51.1% male) with a mean age of 70.9 years (SD ± 12.7) were analysed. IV thrombolysis prior MT was performed in 894 (68.2%) patients and 426 (32.5%) patients were transferred secondarily for MT from primary stroke centers to dedicated comprehensive centers. Data obtained from the national prospective observational METRICS II study were evaluated as a whole and for individual centers. The concordance of results with the recommendations of multi- society consensus was very high. Seven centers met the parameters of all recommendations. The remaining centers failed to meet only isolated criteria and only marginally. Statistical analysis of the anterior circulation MT cohort showed a significant relationship between MT type and achievement of recanalization (TICI 2b-3, p = 0.0004 and TICI 2c/3, p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: The results of METRICS II showed a high quality of care for patients with large cerebral artery occlusion treated with MT. Statistical analysis of a cohort of anterior circulation MTs showed a significant relation- ship between the type of MT and the achievement of recanalisation. A significantly lower success rate of recanalization of LVO was found for the group of patients who underwent MT by a combination of aspiration and recanalization using a stent retriever secondarily.

3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGCA) is a biochemical finding in a diverse group of inherited metabolic disorders. Conditions manifesting 3-MGCA are classified into two major categories, primary and secondary. Primary 3-MGCAs involve two inherited enzymatic deficiencies affecting leucine catabolism, whereas secondary 3-MGCAs comprise a larger heterogeneous group of conditions that have in common compromised mitochondrial energy metabolism. Here, we report 3-MGCA in two siblings presenting with sensorineural hearing loss and neurological abnormalities associated with a novel, homozygous missense variant (c.1999C>G, p.Leu667Val) in the YME1L1 gene which encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent metalloprotease. We show that the identified variant results in compromised YME1L1 function, as evidenced by abnormal proteolytic processing of substrate proteins, such as OPA1 and PRELID1. Consistent with the aberrant processing of the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1, we demonstrate enhanced mitochondrial fission and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in patient-derived fibroblasts. Furthermore, our results indicate that YME1L1L667V is associated with attenuated activity of rate-limiting Krebs cycle enzymes and reduced mitochondrial respiration, which may explain the build-up of 3-methylglutaconic and 3-methylglutaric acid due to the diversion of acetyl-CoA, not efficiently processed in the Krebs cycle, towards the formation of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA, the precursor of these metabolites. In summary, our findings classify YME1L1 deficiency as a new type of secondary 3-MGCA, thus expanding the genetic landscape and facilitating the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disorders featuring this biochemical phenotype.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   MeSH
• glutaráty MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaloendopeptidasy * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• missense mutace MeSH
• mitochondriální dynamika MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny * genetika   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• percepční nedoslýchavost genetika   MeSH
• sourozenci MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Úvod: Primární tumory a infiltrativní procesy očnice zahrnují poměrně širokou škálu dia gnóz. Nádory a infiltrace, které vycházejí primárně z tkání prostoru očnice ohraničeného periorbitou, označujeme jako primární, zatímco sekundární tumory zasahují do orbity z okolních tkání vně od periorbity. Speciální skupinu tvoří léze metastatické. Cíl: Retrospektivní observační analýza souboru pacientů diagnostikovaných pro primární tumor a primární infiltraci očnice na Klinice otorinolaryngologie a chirurgie hlavy a krku v Nemocnici u sv. Anny v Brně (KOCHHK) v letech 2000– 2023. Metodika: Zařazeni byli pacienti ve věku ≥ 18 let, kteří absolvovali otorinolaryngologické a oftalmologické vyšetření, zobrazovací vyšetření (CT/ MR) a podstoupili stanovenou léčbu. Hodnoceny byly demografické parametry, symptomatologie, diagnostický a terapeutický přístup, histologická charakteristika procesů a efekt léčby. Výsledky: Ve sledovaném souboru byl nejčastějším benigním procesem pseudotumor očnice (12 pacientů, 33 %), z toho jedenáct pacientů podstoupilo kortikoidní terapii. U sedmi pacientů došlo ke kompletní regresi, u jednoho pacienta k parciální regresi, u čtyř byla pozorována recidiva. Z maligních infiltrací byl nejvíce zastoupen lymfom (10 pacientů, 27 %), přičemž u šesti pacientů se jednalo o MALT-lymfom. U devíti pacientů došlo ke kompletní remisi, u jednoho pacienta k remisi parciální. Závěr: Dia gnostika a terapie primárních lézí očnice nevyhnutelně vyžaduje mezioborovou spolupráci oftalmologa, neurochirurga, otorinolaryngologa, radiologa, histopatologa, event. hematoonkologa a dalších. Pro diagnostiku a adekvátní léčbu je klíčové zobrazovací vyšetření doplněno zpravidla i o histologickou verifikaci. Její provedení a event. chirurgické odstranění léze je značně limitováno lokalizací. Prognóza závisí nejen na maligním potenciálu léze, ale významně také na jejím vztahu k okolí a k důležitým strukturám v očnici.

Introduction: Primary tumors and infiltrative processes of the orbit include a fairly wide range of diagnoses. Tumors and infiltrations that arise primarily from the tissues of the orbital space bounded by the periorbita are termed primary, while secondary tumors encroach into the orbit from surrounding tissues outside the periorbita. A special group consists of metastatic lesions. Aim: Retrospective observational analysis of a cohort of patients diagnosed for a primary tumor or infiltration of the orbit at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at St. Anne‘s Hospital in Brno (KOCHHK) between 2000 and 2023. Methods: Patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent otorhinolaryngological and ophthalmological examinations, imaging (CT/MRI), and treatment were included. Demographic parameters, symptomatology, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, histological characteristics of the processes, and treatment effect were evaluated. Results: In the study group, the most common benign process was a pseudotumour of the orbit (12 patients, 33%), of which 11 patients underwent corticosteroid therapy. Complete regression was observed in 7 patients, partial regression was in 1 patient, and recurrence was in 4 patients. Lymphoma was the most common malignant infiltration (10 patients, 27%), with 6 patients having MALT-lymphoma. Nine patients had complete remission and 1 patient had partial remission. Conclusion: Diagnosis and therapy of primary lesions of the orbit inevitably require interdisciplinary cooperation of the ophthalmologist, neurosurgeon, otorhinolaryngologist, radiologist, histopathologist, hematooncologist, and others. For diagnosis and adequate treatment, imaging examination is crucial, usually supplemented by histological verification. Its performance, and if necessary, surgical removal of the lesion is limited by localization. Prognosis depends not only on the malignant potential of the lesion, but also significantly on its relationship to the surrounding area and to important structures in the orbit.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfom chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   MeSH
• nádory orbity * chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• oftalmologické chirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• orbita diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• poruchy hybnosti oka diagnóza   etiologie   MeSH
• pseudotumor orbity chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Cílem sdílení genomických dat je umožnit bezpečný přístup k těmto údajům především za účelem výzkumu, personalizované zdravotní péče a tvorby zdravotních politik. Sdílení dat má potenciál urychlit výzkum a přinést významný pokrok v chápání zdraví a nemocí, avšak naráží na právní a etické problémy spojené s ochranou soukromí a důvěrnosti informací. Kromě mnohdy neintuitivní evropské legislativy vedoucí k různým právním interpretacím, existují v jednotlivých zemích Evropské unie další národní pravidla, která mohou nakládání s genomickými daty dále specifikovat. Tato různorodost komplikuje mezinárodní spolupráci a sdílení dat, a to nejenom v genetice, ale i v jiných oblastech biomedicínského výzkumu. Tato práce analyzuje základní právní rámec a jeho aplikaci umožňující sdílení genomických dat a objasňuje pojmy dalšího zpracování, sekundárního využití a účelu zpracování dat. Dále zdůrazňuje význam souhlasu subjektů údajů a specifických výjimek z obecného zákazu zpracování citlivých dat. Pro efektivní sdílení genomických dat je nezbytné dodržovat evropské a národní právní předpisy, včetně jasného stanovení účelu a právního základu zpracování. Mezinárodní spolupráce vyžaduje harmonizaci právních předpisů a důkladnou správu dat. Tento článek analyzuje základní dynamiku a zákonnost sdílení dat v oblasti genomického výzkumu.

The aim of genomic data sharing is to enable secure access to this data, primarily for research, personalized healthcare and health policy-making. Data sharing has the potential to accelerate research and bring about significant advances in the understanding of health and disease, but it faces legal and ethical issues related to the protection of privacy and confidentiality of information. In addition to the often counterintuitive European legislation leading to different legal interpretations, there are other national rules in individual European Union countries that can further specify the handling of genomic data. This diversity complicates international cooperation and data sharing, not only in genetics but also in other areas of biomedical research. This thesis analyzes the basic legal framework and its application enabling the sharing of genomic data and clarifies the concepts of further processing, secondary use and purpose of data processing. Furthermore, it stresses the importance of data subjects' consent and specific exceptions to the general ban on processing sensitive data. For effective sharing of genomic data, it is essential to comply with European and national legislation, including a clear definition of the purpose and legal basis of processing. International cooperation requires regulatory harmonization and robust data management. This paper analyzes the fundamental dynamics and legality of data sharing in the field of genomic research.

• MeSH
• automatizované zpracování dat etika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• genomika * zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• právní odpovědnost MeSH
• šíření informací zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Studies of correlates of active transport to and from school (ATS) focus mainly on children, have a limited conceptualisation of ATS trips, lack heterogeneity in built environments, and rarely consider effect modifiers. This study aimed to estimate associations of parent-perceived neighbourhood environment characteristics with self-reported ATS among adolescents from 14 countries, and whether associations differ by sex, city/region, and distance to school. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional design. Data were from the International Physical activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adolescent study and included 6302 adolescents (mean age 14.5 ± 1.7 years, 54% girls) and a caretaker from 16 diverse sites. Adolescents self-reported usual travel to and from school by walking and bicycling (days/week) and time it would take to walk. Parents completed the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (13 scores computed). Generalised additive mixed models estimated associations of parent neighbourhood perceptions with 1) any active transport to/from school, 2) regular walking (5-10 times/week), 3) regular cycling to/from school, and 4) profiles of ATS generated using latent profile analyses. Interactions were also explored. RESULTS: Overall, 58.7% reported any ATS, 39.9% regularly walked, 7.7% regularly cycled, and four profiles of ATS were identified: walk to and from school; walk from school; cycle to and from school; no ATS. Distance to school was negatively associated with all outcomes, though evidence was weak for regular cycling to/from school. Land use mix - diversity was positively related to all ATS outcomes except those related to cycling. Accessibility and walking facilities were associated with higher odds of any ATS, regular walking to/from school, and the profile walking to and from school. Residential density was negatively related to regular cycling to/from school. Positive associations were observed between traffic safety and any ATS, and between safety from crime, aesthetics, and odds of regular cycling to/from school. Distance to school, adolescent sex, and city moderated several associations. CONCLUSIONS: Parent perceptions of compact, mixed-use development, walking facilities, and both traffic and crime-related safety were important supportive correlates of a range of ATS outcomes among adolescents in high- and low-middle-income countries. Policies that achieve these attributes should be prioritised to support more widespread ATS.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení * MeSH
• charakteristiky okolí bydliště * MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• cyklistika MeSH
• doprava * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: The lumbar infusion test (LIT) is a routine part of the diagnostic process of various CSF dynamics disorders in adults. However, it is rarely used in the paediatric population due to a lack of evidence substantiating its efficacy and overall indications. METHODS: Articles utilizing the LIT in a paediatric cohort (≤ 18 years) were included according to the PRISMA guidelines with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. This review was registered at PROSPERO database under number: CRD42024625857. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies, yielding 441 patients, were included in the review. The most common indications for LIT were to predict shunt responsiveness in hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). In IIH, the interaction between cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp) and sagittal sinus pressure (SSp) may offer valuable diagnostic insights and present a novel assessment approach. The LIT is a validated tool, especially effective for predicting shunt responsiveness and detecting malfunctions in both IIH and hydrocephalus. CONCLUSIONS: Data surrounding LIT usage in children is lacking and most studies are outdated. Caution is needed when interpreting resistance to outflow (Rout) due to potential overestimation, with more attention directed to CSFp and the pressure within the venous system coupling in IIH. Future studies should focus on standardizing LIT protocols across age groups with focusing more on signal characteristics rather than individual parameters and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize diagnostic accuracy.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hydrocefalus * diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• pseudotumor cerebri * diagnóza   MeSH
• tlak mozkomíšního moku * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH