BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Yeasts have the remarkable capability to transform and integrate inorganic selenium into their cellular structures, thereby enhancing its bioavailability and reducing its toxicity. In recent years, yeasts have attracted attention as potential alternative sources of protein. METHODS: This study explores the selenium accumulation potential of two less explored yeast strains, namely the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii CCDM 2020 and Pichia fermentas CCDM 2012, in comparison to the extensively studied Saccharomyces cerevisiae CCDM 272. Our investigation encompassed diverse stress conditions. Subsequently, the selenized yeasts were subjected to an INFOGEST gastrointestinal model. The adherence and hydrophobicity were determined with undigested cells RESULTS: Stress conditions had an important role in influencing the quantity and size of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) generated by the tested yeasts. Remarkably, SeMet synthesis was limited to Pichia fermentas CCDM 2012 and S. boulardii CCDM 2020, with S. cerevisiae CCDM 272 not displaying SeMet production at all. Throughout the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, the most substantial release of SeCys2, SeMet, and SeNPs from the selenized yeasts occurred during the intestinal phase. Notably, exception was found in strain CCDM 272, where the majority of particles were released during the oral phase. CONCLUSION: The utilization of both traditional and non-traditional selenized yeast types, harnessed for their noted functional attributes, holds potential for expanding the range of products available while enhancing their nutritional value and health benefits.
The beneficial influence of bacteriocin-producing, probiotic, mostly non-autochthonous bacteria has already been reported in various animals. However, their use in horses provides limited information, and results with autochthonous bacteria have not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of this model study was to test the effect of autochthonous, bacteriocin-producing faecal strain Enterococcus faecium EF 412 application in horses. One gram of freeze-dried EF 412 strain (109 CFU/mL for 21 days) was applied to horses in a small feed ball. Clinically healthy horses (12), Slovak warm-blood breed of various ages (5-13 years), were involved in a 35-day-long experiment, also functioning as control for themselves. They were stabled in separate boxes (university property), fed twice a day (hay, whole oats or grazed) with water access ad libitum. Sampling was performed at the start of the experiment, i.e. at days 0/1, 21 (3 weeks of EF 412 application) and at day 35 (2 weeks of EF 412 cessation). EF 412 colonized GIT of horses was 3.54 ± 0.75 CFU/g (log 10) at day 21. The eggs of the nematode Strongylus spp. were not found in horses after EF 412 application, and Eimeria spp. oocysts were similarly not found. The other microbiota were not reduced as evaluated by the use of standard method. Using next-generation sequencing, at phylum level, phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated and at family level, they were Bacteroidales BS11 and S24-7 gut goups and Lentisphaerae. In horses, the increasing tendency in phagocytic activity was noted after EF 412 application. Biochemical parameters were in the physiological range. Total protein value was significantly decreased at day 21 compared with day 0/1 as well as with day 35 (P < 0.05). Cholesterol and triglycerides were influenced (decreased) at day 21 compared with day 0/1 and day 35. Neither nematode eggs Strongylus spp. nor Eimeria spp. oocysts were found in faeces after EF 412 application. Autochthonous, faecal strain E. faecium EF 412 showed promising application potential.
Whey, the main by-product obtained from the manufacture of cheese, which contains a very high organic load (mainly due to the lactose content), is not easily degradable and creates concern over environmental issues. Hydrolysis of lactose present in whey and conversion of whey lactose into valuable products such as bioethanol, sweet syrup, and animal feed offers the possibility of whey bioremediation. The increasing need for bioremediation in the dairy industry has compelled researchers to search for a novel source of β-galactosidase with diverse properties. In the present study, the bacterium Paracoccus marcusii KGP producing β-galactosidase was subjected to morphological, biochemical, and probiotic characterisation. The bacterial isolate was found to be non-pathogenic and resistant to low pH (3 and 4), bile salts (0.2%), salt (10%), pepsin (at pH 3), and pancreatin (at pH 8). Further characterisation revealed that the bacteria have a good auto-aggregation ability (40% at 24 h), higher hydrophobicity (chloroform-60%, xylene-50%, and ethyl acetate-40%) and a broad spectrum of antibiotic susceptibility. The highest growth of P. marcusii KGP was achieved at pH 7 and 28 °C, and the yeast extract, galactose, and MgSO4 were the best for the growth of the bacterial cells. The bacterium KGP was able to utilise whey as a substrate for its growth with good β-galactosidase production potential. Furthermore, the β-galactosidase extracted from the isolate KGP could hydrolyse 47% whey lactose efficiently at 50 °C. The study thus reveals the potential application of β-galactosidase from P. marcusii KGP in whey bioremediation.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- Paracoccus * metabolismus MeSH
- probiotika * metabolismus MeSH
- průmyslový odpad * MeSH
- syrovátka * mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Postbiotics are health-promoting microbial metabolites delivered as a functional food or a food supplement. They either directly influence signaling pathways of the body or indirectly manipulate metabolism and the composition of intestinal microflora. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and even though the prognosis of patients is improving, it is still poor in the substantial part of the cases. The preventable nature of cancer and the importance of a complex multi-level approach in anticancer therapy motivate the search for novel avenues of establishing the anticancer environment in the human body. This review summarizes the principal findings demonstrating the usefulness of both natural and synthetic sources of postbotics in the prevention and therapy of cancer. Specifically, the effects of crude cell-free supernatants, the short-chain fatty acid butyrate, lactic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and β-glucans are described. Contradictory roles of postbiotics in healthy and tumor tissues are highlighted. In conclusion, the application of postbiotics is an efficient complementary strategy to combat cancer.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany farmakologie MeSH
- butyráty farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina mléčná farmakologie MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- nádory dietoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- potravní doplňky mikrobiologie MeSH
- prebiotika mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- sulfan farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
From 98 Lactobacillus strains, isolated from Algerian homemade cheeses, 14 (B1-B14) were selected based on their anti-Escherichia coli and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities. These strains were also tested towards Listeria monocytogenes 161 and Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 and further investigated for their resistance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, cell surface properties, ability to adhere to HT-29 cells, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant activity, and technological traits. Five isolates (B9, B13, B18, B19, and B38) were active against L. monocytogenes and Salmonella. From them, three isolates, identified as Lactobacillus brevis (B9, B13, and B38) by MALDI-TOF spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing, exhibited high tolerance to pancreatic juice, bile salts and acidic juices, high percentages of hydrophobicity (87, 92, and 81%, respectively), auto-aggregation (61, 68, and 72%, respectively), and adherence to HT-29 cells (79, 84, and 74%, respectively), which testify on their potential of colonization of the human intestine. On the other way, the strains B9 and B13 manifested the most relevant antioxidant activity and cholesterol-lowering ability, respectively. L. brevis strains showed low acidifying and good proteolytic activities with noticeable heat tolerance. The results gathered in this study highlighted the richness of Algerian artisanal cheeses on new lactobacilli strains with an excellent probiotic potential and demonstrated that L. brevis, largely used as nonstarter in cheese manufacture, could be exploited also as a probiotic for human use.
- MeSH
- antibióza MeSH
- bakteriální adheze MeSH
- buňky HT-29 MeSH
- Escherichia coli fyziologie MeSH
- Levilactobacillus brevis * izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Listeria monocytogenes * fyziologie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
- probiotika * izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus fyziologie MeSH
- sýr * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study was undertaken to investigate the starter and probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from dromedarian camel's milk using both culture-dependent and -independent approaches and metataxonomic analysis. Strains of lactic acid bacteria recovered were examined in vitro for tolerance to gastric acidity, bile, and lysozyme. Bile salt hydrolysis, serum cholesterol-lowering, oxalate degradation, proteolytic activity, exopolysaccharide production, and cell surface characteristics necessary for colonizing intestinal mucosa were also evaluated. A single strain of the species, Lactobacillus fermentum named NPL280, was selected through multivariate analysis as it harbored potential probiotic advantages and fulfilled safety criteria. The strain assimilated cholesterol, degraded oxalate, produced exopolysaccharides, and proved to be a proficient alternate yogurt starter with good viability in stored bio-yogurt. A sensorial analysis of the prepared bio-yogurt was also found to be exemplary. We conclude that the indigenous L. fermentum strain NPL280 has the desired traits of a starter and adjunct probiotic culture for dairy products.
- MeSH
- jogurt mikrobiologie MeSH
- Limosilactobacillus fermentum * metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiota fyziologie MeSH
- mléko * mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika * klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- velbloudi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pákistán MeSH
Tento přehledný článek je zaměřen na některé novinky v diagnostice a léčbě ABKM u dětí a zdůrazňuje možnou roli střevní mikrobioty v patogenezi onemocnění.
This review article is focused on recent news in diagnostics and therapy of cow´s milk protein allergy in infants and children, especially focused on the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disease.
- MeSH
- alergie na mléko * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- anemie komplikace krev MeSH
- biologické markery * krev MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- ELISA metody MeSH
- imunoglobulin E izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci * MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- probiotika metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Microorganisms develop biofilms on indwelling medical devices and are associated with biofilm-related infections, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, to prevent and control biofilm-associated infections, the present study was designed to assess the anti-biofilm potential of postbiotics derived from probiotic organisms against most prevalent biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Eighty lactic acid bacteria isolated from eight neonatal fecal samples possessed antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Among these, only four lactic acid bacteria produced both bacteriocin and exopolysaccharides but only one isolate was found to maximally attenuate the P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. More specifically, the phenotypic and probiotic characterization showed that the isolated lactic acid bacteria were gram positive, non-motile, and catalase and oxidase negative; tolerated acidic and alkaline pH; has bile salt concentration; showed 53% hydrophobicity; and was found to be non-hemolytic. Phylogenetically, the organism was found to be probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum with accession no. KT998657. Interestingly, pre-coating of a microtiter plate either with bacteriocin or with exopolysaccharides as well as their combination significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of viable cells forming biofilms to 41.7% compared with simultaneous coating of postbiotics that had 72.4% biofilm-forming viable cells as observed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Therefore, it can be anticipated that postbiotics as the natural biointerventions can be employed as the prophylactic agents for medical devices used to treat gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální polysacharidy metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriociny metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- biofilmy účinky léků MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- Lactobacillales chemie genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- probiotika metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Autori sa v prehľadovej práci venujú problematike očkovania, a to so špecifickým fókusom na moduláciu imunogenity (imunogenicity) vakcín pomocou špecifických bakteriálnych kmeňov. Práve mikrobióm človeka a možnosti jeho ovplyvnenia (vrátane podávania probiotík) sú v posledných rokoch predmetom čoraz intenzívnejšieho skúmania, ako aj viaceré dôležité poznatky o vzájomnej interakcii mikrobiómu, či jeho jednotlivých súčastí so súčasťami imunitného systému. Poukazujeme na nové informácie, ktoré sa zatiaľ, v tejto pomerne zložitej problematike vzájomných interakcií viacerých prostredí a systémov, exaktne získali. S pomocou najmodernejších technológií bude žiaduca charakteristika a úlohy mikrobiómu očkovaných jedincov s cieľom porozumieť napríklad tomu, do akej miery môže osídlenie čreva ovplyvniť imunogenitu vakcín.
This synopsis is devoted to the issue of vaccination with specific focus on modulation of immunogenicity of vaccines with specific bacterial strains. Human microbiome and possibilities of its influencing (including administration of probiotics), became the subject of intensive scientific research in the recent years. Several important findings about mutual interaction of microbiome, its singular components with components of immune system are the results of this investigation. We advert new information that were exactly obtained about this complicated issue of bilateral interactions of several environments and systems. With help of the latest technologies it is going to be necessary to discover characteristics and role of microbiome of the vaccinated individuals with aim to understand for instance the extent of influence of intestinal colonization on immunogenicity of vaccines.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunogenicita vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- probiotika farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- synergismus léků MeSH
- tvorba protilátek imunologie MeSH
- vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- způsoby aplikace léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus cultures are increasingly used as probiotics for humans and pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate if co-cultivation of porcine and human neutrophils with probiotics can lead to increased apoptosis in vitro. Ten adult Large white pigs and 10 healthy human donors were used in this study. Neutrophils were isolated by dextran sedimentation and cultivated with and without the lactic acid bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Enterococcus faecium for 2, 4, 24 and 48 h. Early and late apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and cell lysis was detected based on lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH). A significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.01) increase in apoptotic neutrophils and LDH was observed at 24 h and 48 h in vitro. All probiotics exerted their greatest effects on the early apoptosis of porcine neutrophils, while the effects of L. rhamnosus were most pronounced on late apoptosis and those of B. bifidumon LDH release of human neutrophils. The increased neutrophil apoptosis caused by probiotic bacteria can be beneficial for more efficient efferocytosis and faster resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the interaction of B. bifidum, L. rhamnosus,and E. faecium with human and porcine neutrophils leads to their apoptosis.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- Bifidobacterium bifidum fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- Enterococcus faecium fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus fyziologie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutrofily MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
