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PURPOSE: High-dose intravenous glucocorticoids are the standard first-line treatment in active, moderate to severe and severe thyroid eye disease (TED). We evaluate the usefulness of clinical activity score (CAS) and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) as predictors and/or post-treatment markers of corticoresistance in patients with TED and the effect of rituximab in second-line treatment. METHODS: We enrolled 236 patients with an active TED into this retrospective single-tertiary-center cohort study. All patients were initially treated with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. Rituximab was later administered to 29 of 42 corticoresistant patients. RESULTS: The CAS of the corticoresistant patients was significantly higher both before (p = 0.0001) and after (p = <0.0001) first-line treatment compared to the corticosensitive group. ROC analysis established the cut-point value as CAS ≥ 2.5 with a sensitivity of 96.3%, specificity of 57.5% and area under the curve of 82.8%. In 22 patients treated with rituximab, CAS gradually decreased to zero values without reactivation during extended follow-up. There was no difference in the TSI of corticosensitive and corticoresistant patients before or after first-line therapy. CONCLUSION: CAS ≥ 2, after first-line treatment, could be used as a corticoresistance marker. Corticoresistant patients should be subject to long-term follow-up for early detection of reactivation to reduce the delay to second-line treatment. Rituximab is a well-tolerated choice of second-line treatment and has a long-lasting effect on disease activity. Although TSI is a valuable biomarker of Graves' disease and TED activity, according to our results, TSI cannot be used as a marker of corticoresistance.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glukokortikoidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- Gravesova oftalmopatie * farmakoterapie krev MeSH
- imunoglobuliny stimulující tyreoideu krev MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- léková rezistence * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rituximab * terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: The presence of MYC and BCL2 translocations (ie, double-hit lymphoma, DHL) in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is associated with reduced chemosensitivity, but less is known on its impact on radiotherapy (RT) efficacy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with LBCL who received their first course of RT for relapsed/refractory disease between 2008 and 2020 were eligible if there was adequate pathologic evaluation to be categorized as DHL versus non-DHL as per the World Health Organization (fifth edition). Separate analyses were conducted by treatment intent. Predictors for response (complete and partial) and local recurrence (LR) were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. LR analysis was restricted to curative-intent patients to ensure adequate follow-up. RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-three patients (102 DHL, 281 non-DHL, and 44% curative) were treated at 447 sites. Median time from diagnosis to RT was 11.6 months, with 38.7% of patients having primary chemorefractory disease, 37.4% having received >2 lines of systemic therapy, and 24% status post-stem cell transplant. Median biological equivalent dose (alpha/beta: 10) was 28 Gy (range: 3.2-60.0) for palliative and 46.9 Gy (range: 6.4-84.0) for curative-intent patients. With a median follow-up of 41.1 and 41.5 months among curative and palliative patients, respectively, the response was high (81.1% curative, 60.1% palliative). On univariate analysis, DHL pathology was not associated with RT response in either curative or palliative patients. Among curative patients, 2-year LR rate was 38.8%. On multivariable analysis, DHL pathology was associated with a 2 times higher risk of LR (95% CI: 1.05-3.67, P = .03), with a crude LR rate of 42.9% (DHL) versus 28.9% (non-DHL). RT was well tolerated with low rates of grade 3 or higher acute toxicity (1.8% curative, 2.9% palliative). CONCLUSIONS: Relapsed/refractory LBCL remains radioresponsive with a 60%-80% response rate to RT. Although DHL pathology does not appear to influence RT response, its presence is associated with higher rates of LR, suggesting that it may be more radioresistant.
- MeSH
- difúzní velkobuněčný B-lymfom * radioterapie patologie genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru * patologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 genetika MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- translokace genetická MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
The FGFR3::TACC3 fusion has been reported in subsets of diverse cancers including urothelial and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, the morphology of FGFR3::TACC3-positive head and neck carcinomas has not been well studied and it is unclear if this fusion represents a random event, or if it might characterize a morphologically distinct tumor type. We describe nine FGFR3::TACC3 fusion-positive head and neck carcinomas affecting six males and three females aged 38 to 89 years (median, 59). The tumors originated in the sinonasal tract (n = 4), parotid gland (n = 2), and one case each in the oropharynx, submandibular gland, and larynx. At last follow-up (9-21 months; median, 11), four patients developed local recurrence and/or distant metastases, two died of disease at 11 and 12 months, one died of other cause, one was alive with disease, and two were disease-free. Three of six tumors harbored high risk oncogenic HPV infection (HPV33, HPV18, one unspecified). Histologically, three tumors revealed non-keratinizing transitional cell-like or non-descript morphology with variable mixed inflammatory infiltrate reminiscent of mucoepidermoid or DEK::AFF2 carcinoma (all were HPV-negative), and three were HPV-associated (all sinonasal) with multiphenotypic (1) and non-intestinal adenocarcinoma (2) pattern, respectively. One salivary gland tumor showed poorly cohesive large epithelioid cells with prominent background inflammation and expressed AR and GATA3, in line with a possible salivary duct carcinoma variant. Two tumors were conventional SCC. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed an in-frame FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in all cases. This series highlights heterogeneity of head and neck carcinomas harboring FGFR3::TACC3 fusions, which segregates into three categories: (1) unclassified HPV-negative category, morphologically distinct from SCC and other entities; (2) heterogeneous group of HPV-associated carcinomas; and (3) conventional SCC. A driver role of the FGFR3::TACC3 fusion in the first category (as a potential distinct entity) remains to be further studied. In the light of available FGFR-targeting therapies, delineation of these tumors and enhanced recognition is recommended.
- MeSH
- dlaždicobuněčné karcinomy hlavy a krku virologie patologie genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fúzní onkogenní proteiny genetika MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem * patologie komplikace genetika virologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery genetika MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku * patologie virologie genetika MeSH
- proteiny asociované s mikrotubuly genetika MeSH
- receptor fibroblastových růstových faktorů, typ 3 * genetika MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie genetika virologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To compare the drug survival of etanercept to monoclonal tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis. METHODS: Patients initiating first line biological therapy with tumour necrosis factor-α were propensity score matched and compared for drug survival with a Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: We matched 657 to 657 patients in rheumatoid arthritis, the median survival time on etanercept was 44.6 months vs. 36.8 months on monoclonal antibody tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors, with a hazard ratio of 0.94, p = 0.416 We matched 187 to 356 patients in ankylosing spondylitis, the median survival time on etanercept was 75.1 compared to 68.0 months, hazard ratio of 0.78, p = 0.087 We matched 81 to 160 psoriatic arthritis patients, the median survival time on etanercept was 35.8. compared to 65.7 months, hazard ratio 1.61, p = 0.011. Patients treated with etanercept had significantly worse psoriasis scoring during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: We found comparable survival in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. In psoriatic arthritis, we found significantly shorter survival on etanercept, possibly due to worse response of skin and nail manifestations.
- MeSH
- adalimumab terapeutické užití MeSH
- ankylózující spondylitida * farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- antirevmatika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- etanercept * terapeutické užití MeSH
- infliximab terapeutické užití MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- psoriatická artritida * farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * farmakoterapie mortalita MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tendenční skóre * MeSH
- TNF-alfa * antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Carotid plaque composition represents one of the main risk factors of future ischemic stroke. MRI provides excellent soft tissue contrast that can distinguish plaque characteristics. Our objective was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of MRI imaging in the detection of carotid plaque characteristics compared to histology in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis through a systematic review. After prospective registration in PROSPERO (ID CRD42022329690), Medline Ovid, Embase.com, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science Core were searched without any search limitation up to May 27, 2022 to identify eligible articles. Of the 8168 studies, 53 (37 × 1.5 T MRI, 17 × 3 T MRI) evaluated MRI accuracy in the detection of 13 specific carotid plaque characteristics in 169 comparisons. MRI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for detection of calcification (3 T MRI: mean sensitivity 92%/mean specificity 90%; 1.5 T MRI: mean sensitivity 81%/mean specificity 91%), fibrous cap (1.5 T: 89%/87%), unstable plaque (1.5 T: 89%/87%), intraplaque hemorrhage (1.5 T: 86%/88%), and lipid-rich necrotic core (1.5 T: 89%/79%). MRI also proved to have a high level of tissue discrimination for the carotid plaque characteristics investigated, allowing potentially for a better risk assessment and follow-up of patients who may benefit from more aggressive treatments. These results emphasize the role of MRI as the first-line imaging modality for comprehensive assessment of carotid plaque morphology, particularly for unstable plaque. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
- MeSH
- arteriae carotides * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- aterosklerotický plát * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- nemoci arterie carotis * diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
... velezensis C-3102 in the management of anal sac impaction in dogs -- Use of lomustine and prednisolone as first-line ...
Chronická spontánní kopřivka je charakterizována výsevem pomfů a/nebo angioedému trvajícím déle než 6 týdnů, výsevy mohou přetrvávat měsíce i roky. Toto onemocnění může vést k výraznému zhoršení kvality života. Dle současných mezinárodních doporučení jsou lékem první volby nesedativní H1 antihistaminika II. generace. Při malém terapeutickém efektu standardní dávky H1 antihistaminik II. generace je doporučeno navýšení až na čtyřnásobek této dávky. V případě nedostatečného efektu terapie antihistaminiky je indikována biologická terapie omalizumabem.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria is characterized by reccurent wheals lasting more than 6 weeks, it can persist for months or years. The disease can lead to a significant worsening in the quality of life. According to recent guidelines second-generation non-sedative antihistamines are the first-line treatment. If the therapeutic effect of the standard dose of antihistamines is insufficient, it is recommended to up-dose to 4fold. In case of insufficient effect of antihistamine therapy, biological therapy with omalizumab is indicated.
Kazuistika představuje pacienta s roztroušenou sklerózou, který byl nejprve léčen pro izolovanou monokulární poruchou visu, a to kortikosteroidy s dobrým účinkem, následně žádné potíže neměl a dostavil se v důsledku nových klinických příznaků po 15 letech k neurologickému vyšetření, které na základě klinických a laboratorních vyšetření prokázalo definitivní diagnózu relabující formy roztroušené sklerózy. Na základě zahájení adekvátní imunomodulační léčby se podařilo onemocnění stabilizovat.
The case report presents a patient with multiple sclerosis who was initially treated for an isolated visual impairment in one eye. This condition was managed with corticosteroids, which proved effective. Subsequently, the patient had no further issues and presented for a neurological examination with after 15 years. Based on clinical and laboratory findings, a definitive diagnosis of the relapsing form of multiple sclerosis was established. With the initiation of appropriate immunomodulatory treatment, the disease was successfully stabilized.
Systémový lupus erythematodes (SLE) je závažné autoimunitní onemocnění s heterogenním klinickým průběhem a prognózou. V současné době se významným způsobem mění pohled na strategii jeho léčby. Důležitou roli v managementu SLE hraje mezioborová spolupráce, včasná diagnostika, hodnocení aktivity choroby a nefarmakologická léčba. Hlavním cílem terapie je navození klinické remise choroby, alternativním cílem pak dosažení nízké aktivity choroby při současné minimalizaci rizik spojených s farmakoterapií. Základním lékem SLE je hydroxychlorochin, který má místo v léčbě jak nezávažných, tak těžkých forem choroby s orgánovými manifestacemi. Užití glukokortikoidů umožňuje rychlou kontrolu aktivity choroby, jejich dlouhodobé užívání je však spojeno s rizikem nežádoucích účinků. Glukokortikoidy jsou dnes vnímány jako určitá přemosťující terapie užívaná optimálně po určitou dobu a jsou doporučeny strategie k jejich snižování, včetně včasného zahájení terapie imunosupresivy a/nebo biologickými léky (belimumab, anifrolumab). Cílová dávka prednisonu či jeho ekvivalentu se posunuje níže a měla by být ≤ 5 mg denně. Pozice biologik v léčbě SLE výrazně posiluje a je možno je v určitých situacích zvažovat jako léky 1. linie léčby po selhání hydroxychlorochinu. Nová doporučení pro léčbu nastiňují efektivní a důkazy podložený přístup k léčbě této závažné choroby.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous clinical course and prognosis. Currently, the view of its treatment strategy is changing significantly. Interdisciplinary collaboration, early diagnosis, assessment of disease activity and non-pharmacological treatment play an important role in the management of SLE. The main treat to target is to induce clinical remission of the disease, while an alternative target is to achieve low disease activity while minimizing the risks associated with pharmacotherapy. Hydroxychloroquine remains the corn stone of SLE treatment, which has a place in the treatment of both non-severe and severe forms of the disease with organ manifestations. The use of glucocorticoids allows rapid control of disease activity, but their long-term use is associated with the risk of adverse effects. Glucocorticoids are now perceived as a kind of bridging therapy used optimally for a certain period of time, and strategies to reduce their use are recommended, including early deployment of immunosuppressive and/or biologic drugs (belimumab, anifrolumab). The target dose of prednisone or its equivalent is shifting lower and should be≤5 mg daily. The position of biologics in the treatment of SLE is greatly strengthened and they can be considered as first-line drugs in certain situations after hydroxychloroquine failure. New treatment recommendations outline an effective and evidence-based approach to treating this serious disease.
Pegylovaný lipozomální irinotekan (nanoliposomal irinotecan, nal-IRI) je jednou z možností systémové léčby generalizovaného karcinomu pankreatu. Irinotekan ukrytý v lipozomu je přednostně akumulován v nádorovém mikroprostředí, kde je přeměněn na aktivní metabolit SN-38. Na základě výsledků klinické studie NAPOLI-11 je indikován u pacientů s generalizovaným karcinomem pankreatu po selhání paliativní chemoterapie na bázi gemcitabinu2. Kazuistika 66Letého pacienta s nově diagnostikovaným metastazujícím karcinomem pankreatu ve výborném výkonnostním stavu ukazuje více než dva roky trvající stabilizaci onemocnění při podávání nal-IRI v kombinaci s 5-fluorouraciLem (5-FU) a leukovorinem (LV) ve druhé Linii Léčby po předchozí Léčbě gemcitabinem + nab-paklitaxelem. Velmi dobrá snášenlivost druhé Linie Léčby umožnila pokračovat po progresi onemocnění ve třetí Linii Léčby. Nal-IRI je v uvedené kombinaci dnes standardem ve druhé Linii Léčby pokročilého karcinomu pankreatu u pacientů předléčených gemcitabinem. Na základě nedávno publikovaných výsledků studie NAPOLI-33 byl již také schválen v kombinaci s oxaliplatinou, 5-FU a LV v první Linii Léčby tohoto onemocnění. Nal-IRI je první přípravek, který prokázal významné prodloužení celkového přežití ve druhé i první linii Léčby metastazujícího karcinomu pankreatu ve dvou velkých randomizovaných studiích.13
Pegylated liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI), is one of the options for systemic treatment in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Irinotecan is covered in liposomes and accumulates in tumor microenvironments where it is converted to the active metabolite SN-38. Based on the results of the NAPOLI-1 trial, it is indicated for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer after progression on gemcitabin. A case report of a 66-year-old patient with newly diagnosed metastatic pancreatic cancer in excellent performance status shows more than two years of disease stabilization with nal-IRI in combination with fluorouracil (5-FU) and ieucovorin (LV) in the second line after prior treatment with gemcitabine + nab-paciitaxet Very good tolerability of the second line therapy made it possible to continue with a third line treatment after disease progression. In the mentioned combination, nai-IRI is today a standard of care in the second line treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer in patients pretreated with gemcitabine. Based on the recently published results of the NAPOLI-1 study, it has already been approved in combination with oxaiipiatin, 5-FU and LV in the first line therapy of this disease. Nai-IRI is the first agent to demonstrate a significant prolongation of overall survival in both second and first line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer in two large, randomized triais.