BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and chronic kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and kidney volume (KV). However, studies on twins and those investigating numerous perinatal factors beyond LBW, and their associations with various kidney parameters are scarce. METHODS: A two-center cross-sectional study on five-year-old LBW children was conducted between 2021 and 2023. 110 children were enrolled (8 LBW, 58 very LBW (VLBW), 44 extremely LBW (ELBW)); 56 were twins. We examined associations between birth weight (BW), various prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors, and eGFR, KV, tubular abnormalities and kidney ultrasound abnormalities, both in singletons and twins. RESULTS: In children with ELBW, eGFR correlated with BW (r = 0.55, P = 0.0018), while in those with BW ≥ 1000 g, eGFR remained constant. Other factors associated with decreased eGFR were hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (93.86 vs. 87.26 ml/min/1.73m2, P = 0.0285) in singletons, decreased growth velocity (β = 0.83, P = 0.0277) in twins, and lower total KV (tKV) and relative KV (rKV) in both singletons (r = 0.60, P < 0.0001 for tKV and r = 0.45, P = 0.0010 for rKV) and twins (β = 0.34, P < 0.0001 for tKV and β = 0.23, P = 0.0002 for rKV). Based on the multivariable models excluding KV, BW and gestational age were associated with eGFR in singletons, while male gender, BW, growth velocity, and coffee drinking during pregnancy were associated with eGFR in twins. However, in models that included KV, BW, gestational age and growth velocity were no longer significant. Total KV was associated with BW (r = 0.39, P = 0.0050 for singletons; β = 2.85, P < 0.0001 for twins), body mass index (r = 0.34, P = 0.0145 for singletons; β = 8.44, P < 0.0001 for twins), and growth velocity (β = 1.43, P = 0.0078). Twins born small for gestational age had lower tKV (70.88 vs 89.20 ml, P < 0.0001). Relative KV showed similar associations. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower for both kidneys compared to the reference population (55.02 vs 65.42 ml/m2, P < 0.0001 for right kidney and 61.12 vs 66.25 ml/m2, P = 0.0015 for left kidney); however, only 8.6% of children had rKV below 10th percentile. CONCLUSION: Many factors affect eGFR and KV, some of them differ between twins and singletons. Based on multivariable models, eGFR seems to be better predicted by KV than by BW and gestational age in LBW children. Relative kidney volumes were significantly lower in our cohort compared to the reference population, but only 8.6% of rKV were below 10th percentile.

• MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience epidemiologie   etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dvojčata MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace * MeSH
• ledviny * diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec s nízkou porodní hmotností * MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

The aim of the present study was to examine gender and age-specific effects on subjective daytime sleepiness (as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale), body weight and eating behaviour in patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence. Based on the European Narcolepsy Network database, we compared 1035 patients with narcolepsy type I and 505 patients with other central disorders of hypersomnolence ("narcoleptic borderland"), including narcolepsy type II (N = 308) and idiopathic hypersomnia (N = 174), using logistic regression and general linear models. In the entire study population, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale was higher in women (N = 735, mean age = 30 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 16.6 ± SD 3.9) than in men (N = 805, mean age = 32 years, mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale = 15.8 ± SD 4.4). In women with narcolepsy type I (N = 475), both Epworth Sleepiness Scale and body mass index increased in parallel with age. In women of the narcoleptic borderland (N = 260), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale markedly peaked in their early 30s, while body mass index only started to rise at that age. This rise in body mass index following the Epworth Sleepiness Scale peak cannot be explained by sleepiness-induced uncontrolled eating, as self-reported uncontrolled eating was negatively associated with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in this group. We propose that the narcoleptic borderland harbours a unique cluster of women in their fertile years with an unexplored aetiology requiring further investigation towards tailored interventions.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• narkolepsie * patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy nadměrné spavosti * patofyziologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study quantified blood bicarbonate (HCO3-) kinetics and gastrointestinal upset to determine the gender-related ergogenic potential of sodium bicarbonate (0.15-, 0.25- and 0.35 gSB·kgFat-free mass (FFM)-1) in high intensity functional training. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover. METHODS: Thirty female and male athletes performed two bouts of the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnTPRE-HIFT and WAnTPOST-HIFT) interspaced with two 3-min bouts of Wall Balls and Burpees 120 min after ingestion of three sodium bicarbonate doses. Blood HCO3- was determined pre-ingestion, after supplementation and before/post exercise. Gastrointestinal upset was evaluated 120 min post-ingestion. Control (CTRL) measurements were performed. RESULTS: There were significant gender × treatment interactions for: changes in blood HCO3- at 60 min post-ingestion (p = 0.014; η2p = 0.104; at 0.15 gSB·kgFFM-1 males experienced higher increase than females); peak power (p = 0.015; η2p = 0.103) and average power (p = 0.005; η2p = 0.124) during WAnTPOST-HIFT, and changes in peak power between the Wingate Anaerobic Test bouts (p = 0.049; η2p = 0.081). Sodium bicarbonate compared to PLA had no significant impact on Wall Balls and Burpees performance. The dose of 0.35 gSB·kgFFM-1 resulted in higher less severe gastrointestinal symptoms compared to CTRL and 0.15 gSB·kgFFM-1 (p = 0.001; W = 0.178); and higher total gastrointestinal upset compared to CTRL, PLA and 0.15 gSB·kgFFM-1 (p < 0.001; W = 0.323). CONCLUSIONS: There were dose- and gender-related differences in extracellular buffering capacity and ergogenic potential of sodium bicarbonate. The study suggested a detrimental impact of gastrointestinal upset on performance.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hydrogenuhličitan sodný * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   krev   MeSH
• klinické křížové studie * MeSH
• látky zvyšující výkon aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender influence many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Limited data are available on this topic in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We therefore aimed to investigate sex issues in the EARCO registry, a prospective, international, observational cohort study. METHODS: Baseline data from PiZZ individuals, enrolled in the registry with complete data on sex and smoking history were analysed by group comparisons and binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: 1283 patients with AATD, 49.3% women were analysed. Females reported less tobacco consumption (16.8±12.2 vs. 19.6±14.5 PY, p=0.006), occupational exposures towards gases, dusts or asbestos (p<0.005 each) and consumed less alcohol (5.5±7.6 vs. 8.4±10.3u/week, p<0.001). Females reported COPD (41% vs. 57%, p<0.001) and liver disease (11% vs. 20%, p<0.001) less often. However, they had a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis (24% vs. 13%, p<0.001). Despite better lung function (FEV1%pred. 73.6±29.9 vs. 62.7±29.5, p<0.001) females reported a similar symptom burden (CAT 13.4±9.5 vs. 12.5±8.9, p=ns) and exacerbation frequency (at least one in the previous year 30% vs. 26%, p=ns) compared to males. In multivariate analyses, female sex was an independent risk factor for exacerbations in the previous year OR 1.6 p=0.001 in addition to smoking history, COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis and was also identified as risk factors for symptom burden (CAT≥10) OR 1.4 p=0.014 besides age, BMI, COPD and smoking history. CONCLUSION: Men had higher rates of COPD and liver disease, women were more likely to have bronchiectasis. Women's higher symptom burden and exacerbation frequency suggest they may need tailored treatment approaches.

• MeSH
• bronchiektazie epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• deficit alfa1-antitrypsinu * epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci jater epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu epidemiologie   MeSH
• pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Numerous studies have now documented that athletes of different competition levels vary in their motivational styles. Some are internally motivated and train to be better based on intrinsic values, whereas others are controlled by external pressures that drive performance. A third style does not make causal attributions regarding their performance and are amotivated. In the current study, we used latent profile analysis to examine unique typologies of sports motivation in 456 Czech university students comprised of both recreational and more elite athletes participating in various sports and attending a sport education program. Four qualitatively distinct profiles were distinguished varying in the composition of intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivation. The four profiles differed in their mean levels of social physique anxiety, global self-esteem, and physical self-worth, three markers of how a person feels about themselves in terms of normative standards. Multiple group comparisons based on gender, individual versus team sports, and level of competition reinforced relative consistency in profile composition. Results are discussed in terms of how people can blend different motivational styles, what this portends for self-beliefs, and whether there is relative consistency across meaningful groups.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• představa o vlastním těle MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• sportovci * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sporty * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• univerzity statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Od prvních let tohoto století přijalo mnoho západních zemí "Holandský protokol" jako nový lékařský způsob léčby dětí a dospívajících s genderovou dysforií s nástupem v dětství. Při tomto přístupu byly k potlačení puberty použity agonisté hormonů uvolňujících gonadotropin (GnRHa), následované aplikací hormonů opačného pohlaví (testosteron nebo estrogen).

From the early years of this century, many Western countries adopted the “Dutch Protocol” as a new medical pathway for treating children and adolescents with childhood-onset gender dysphoria. On this approach, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) were used to suppress puberty, followed by cross-sex hormones (testosterone or oestrogen). This perspective article traces—in each of the countries where we, the authors, live and work—how the Dutch Protocol came to be incorporated into clinical practice or formally adopted into national guidelines. Over time, guidelines across different countries were progressively shaped by a rights-based approach that removed previous safeguards and increased availability of gender-reassignment medical interventions for children and adolescents. From 2010 onward, two developments raised new concerns, generating alternate perspectives and wide-ranging differences in clinical approach. Numerous countries reported an unexpected increase in adolescent-onset presentations, especially among girls. During the same period, an increasing number of individuals who had undergone gender-reassignment medical interventions as minors reported harm and regret. Worldwide, questions were raised about the safety of clinical guidelines for children and adolescents presenting with gender dysphoria. Government bodies in Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. state of Florida commissioned systematic reviews pertaining to hormone treatments and issued formal reports. In a parallel process, “conversion therapy” laws, passed in many countries, closed access to exploratory psychotherapy that enables exploration of gender-identity issues from a neutral therapeutic stance. Taken together, these three developments introduced evidence-based and legal considerations into the debate, resulting in tensions that remain unresolved.

Cíl: Cílem práce je porovnat perioperační výsledky robotické (RAPN) a otevřené resekce ledviny (OPN) hodnocené dle komplexity tumorů pomocí RENAL nefrometrického skóre. Soubor pacientů a metody: Do retrospektivní studie byli zařazeni pacienti operovaní v letech 2010–2020. Porovnány byly demografické údaje (věk, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index), perioperační údaje (krevní ztráty, délka hospitalizace, komplikace, ischemie) a pooperační výsledky (histopatologický nález a renální funkce). Výsledky: Hodnoceno bylo 563 pacientů – 306 OPN a 257 RAPN. Pacienti, kteří podstoupili OPN, byli starší (průměr 64,3 vs. 61,6 let; p = 0,01), měli vyšší průměrné RENAL skóre (7,2 vs. 6,3; p < 0,01) a měli více komorbidit (p < 0,01). Ischemie byla u RAPN využita méně (60,8 vs. 65,8 %; p = 0,25), u RAPN byla o 3,5 min delší (průměrně 17,5 vs. 14 min; p = 0,014). Operace byla v průměru o 7 min delší u RAPN (100,2 vs. 92,9 min; p = 0,007), ale ve skupině se střední komplexitou (n = 279) rozdíl zjištěn nebyl (p = 0,19). U RAPN byly průměrné krevní ztráty o polovinu menší (149,9 vs. 301,9 ml; p < 0,001), doba hospitalizace byla kratší (5,2 vs. 6,8 dní; p < 0,01), stejně jako využití jednotky intenzivní péče (17 vs. 84 %; p < 0,01). Míra pozitivních chirurgických okrajů byla nižší u RAPN (p = 0,04). Celková míra komplikací byla u RAPN a OPN srovnatelná (12,7 vs. 11,9 %; p = 0,79), u OPN ale byl vyšší poměr závažných komplikací (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) tvořící 20,5 vs. 11 %. Pooperačně došlo u RAPN k menšímu poklesu glomerulární filtrace u všech skupin (p = 0,04). Závěr:RAPN vykazuje lepší výsledky než OPN v míře krevních ztrát, zachování renálních funkcí, délky hospitalizace a míře využití intenzivní péče. Je také patrný trend v nižším výskytu závažných komplikací a pozitivních chirurgických okrajů.

Major statement: Partial nephrectomy is currently the standard treatment for cT1 renal tumors. Although the robotic approach (RAPN) does not clearly demonstrate superiority over open surgery (OPN), it has gained popularity. This study aims to compare the perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes of these modalities. Summary: Objective: The study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and open partial nephrectomy (OPN), assessed according to tumor complexity using the RENAL nephrometric score. Patients and methods: The retrospective study included patients operated on between 2010 and 2020. Demographic data (age, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity index, and gender), perioperative data (blood loss, length of hospitalization, complications, length of ischemia), and postoperative outcomes (histopathological findings and renal function) were compared. Results: 563 patients were evaluated, 306 OPN and 257 RAPN. Patients who underwent OPN were older (mean 64.3 vs. 61.6 years; P = 0.01), had a higher mean RENAL score (7.2 vs. 6.3; P < 0.01), and had more comorbidities (P < 0.01). Ischemia was used less in RAPN (60.8 vs. 65.8 %; P = 0.25) but was 3.5 min longer in RAPN (mean 17.5 vs. 14 min; P = 0.014). The operation was, on average, 7 min longer in RAPN (100.2 vs. 92.9 min; P = 0.007), but in the moderate complexity group (N = 279), no difference was found (P = 0.19). In the RAPN group, the average blood loss was half of that in the OPN group (149.9 vs. 301.9 ml; P < 0.001), the length of hospital stay was shorter (5.2 vs. 6.8 days; P < 0.01), as was the use of the intensive care unit (17 vs. 84%; P < 0.01). The rate of positive surgical margins was lower in RAPN (P = 0.04). The overall complication rate was comparable between RAPN and OPN (12.7 vs. 11.9%; P = 0.79), but OPN had a higher rate of serious complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) at 20.5 vs. 11%. Postoperatively, RAPN had a smaller decrease in glomerular filtration rate in all groups (P = 0.04). Conclusion: RAPN shows better results than OPN regarding blood loss, preservation of renal function, length of hospital stay, and intensive care utilization. There is also a trend toward lower rates of serious complications and positive surgical margins.

• MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nefrektomie metody   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• roboticky asistované výkony MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Background: The use of tobacco products and electronic cigarettes is a growing public health concern, especially among children and adolescents. Understanding the factors that impact both the use, and the perception of the harm related to these products is essential for developing effective prevention strategies targeting young people. Objective: The aim of this study is to map the use of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes as well as the perceived risk of these products in a population of students from selected secondary schools in Prague. The partial aim was to determine whether the perceived harmfulness of the product, type of school, and gender play any role in the use of e-cigarettes or tobacco. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in secondary schools in the Capital City of Prague in cooperation with prevention methodologists. Data were collected in the first years of vocational and general secondary schools from students with an average age of 15 years. Results and conclusion: The difference in frequency of tobacco product use between girls and boys was statistically insignificant, whereas the difference in tobacco product use between students at secondary schools providing general education and vocational education was found to be statistically significant. Perceived harmfulness of combustible cigarettes was significantly affected by the type of school. Regarding electronic cigarettes, the perceived harmfulness was significantly affected by both the type of school and gender. For electronic cigarettes and regular cigarettes, perceived harmfulness and school type appeared to be the predictors of use. Regarding electronic cigarettes, school type, perceived risk of the product, and gender were the predictors of use.

• MeSH
• kouření cigaret * epidemiologie   psychologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• studenti * MeSH
• systémy dodávající nikotin elektronicky MeSH
• tabákové výrobky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Background: Burns in children represent a significant public health issue due to their high frequency and potential for severe physical and psychological consequences. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics of burns in hospitalized children and adolescents in the Republic of Srpska between 2018 and 2020. Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted, collecting data from the national e-base of the Agency for Certification, Accreditation and Quality Improvement of Health Care of the Republic of Srpska for patients aged ≤19 years hospitalized for burns. ICD-10 codes were used to identify burns, from which demographic and clinical characteristics were extracted. Results: A total of 70 patients were identified, with a median age of 1 year [interquartile range (IQR3): 1-4 years]. The majority were children aged 0 to 9 years (84.3%), and 67.1% were boys. Most burns occurred during winter (34.3%), and the median hospital LOS was 6.5 days (IQR: 5-9 days). Scalds from hot liquids were the most common type (84.3%), primarily affecting the lower extremities (31.4%) and head and neck (25.7%). Statistically significant differences were observed in the causes of burns, affected anatomical regions, and age groups (p < 0.05). The burned body surface area ranged from less than 10% to 29% TBSA, with 61.4% having less than 10%, and no significant differences based on age, gender, or cause of hospitalization (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Burns from hot liquids and contact burns are the main causes of injuries in hospitalized children aged 1 to 4 years in the Republic of Srpska, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.

• MeSH
• dítě hospitalizované * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epidemiologické studie MeSH
• hospitalizovaní pacienti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• popálení * epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• rutinně sbírané zdravotní údaje MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH

Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erotika * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   MeSH
• psychometrie * přístrojové vybavení   normy   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sexuální chování * psychologie   etnologie   MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH