Long-term sampling
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Rána je narušení soudržnosti tkáně kožního povrchu. Proces hojení je ovlivněn celou řadou celkových a lokálních faktorů, mezi nejzásadnější a nejdiskutovanější je řazena infekce v ráně. Za jakých okolností k infekci rány dojde, není zcela přesně objasněno. V klinické praxi je velmi důležitý správný odběr vzorku na mikrobiologické zpracování, jeho skladování, transport, vyhodnocení a v neposlední řadě správná interpretace získané informace. Přes existenci několika možných způsobů odebírání vzorků na kultivační vyšetření není dodnes jednoznačný postup odběru přesně definován. Cílem souhrnného sdělení je přiblížit danou problematiku se zaměřením na otiskovou metodu.
The wound is a damage of tissue. The process of healing is influenced by many systemic and local factors. The most crucial and the most discussed local factor of wound healing is infection. Surgical site infection in the wound is caused by micro-organisms. This information is known for many years, however the conditions leading to an infection occurrence have not been sufficiently described yet. Correct sampling technique, correct storage, transportation, evaluation, and valid interpretation of these data are very important in clinical practice. There are many methods for microbiological sampling, but the best one has not been yet identified and validated. We aim to discuss the problem with the focus on the imprint technique.
Úvod: K chirurgickému řešení recidivujících luxací ramenního kloubu existuje celá řada metod, ať už otevřených, nebo v dnešní době stále častěji užívaných metod artroskopických. Cílem této práce je zhodnocení dlouhodobých výsledků stabilizačních operací dle Bankarta provedených na ortopedickém oddělení Pardubické krajské nemocnice. Hodnotíme nejen recidivy luxací, ale také bolestivost, omezení hybnosti a rozvoj artrózy. Porovnáváme výsledky s dalšími typy stabilizujících operací. Metodika: Celkem 22 pacientů bylo dlouhodobě sledováno po operaci dle Bankarta pro recidivující přední luxaci ramenního kloubu. Ta byla prováděna standardní metodou popsanou Bankartem v roce 1939 bez lateralizace úponu musculus subscapularis. Odstup kontrolního vyšetření od operace byl v průměru 13,4 let, součástí bylo klinické vyšetření a byl proveden rentgenový snímek. Klinické výsledky jsme hodnotili dle Rowe skóre, na rentgenových snímcích jsme hodnotili nálezy ve smyslu artrotických změn dle Hawkinse. Výsledky: Zlepšení stavu a spokojenost po operaci uvádějí všichni pacienti. Běžnou denní činnost včetně rekreačního sportu zvládají také všichni pacienti. Ke sportovní činnosti, ve které působili před vznikem úrazu, se vrátilo 64 % pacientů. Při hodnocení Rowe skóre jsme zaznamenali excelentní výsledek u 54 % pacientů, dobrý výsledek u 41 % pacientů, neuspokojivý výsledek u 5 % pacientů, špatný výsledek jsme nezaznamenali. U jednoho pacienta došlo k reluxaci po 6 letech od operace. Měřením pohybu po operaci docházelo nejčastěji k omezování zevní rotace. Rozvoj artrózy glenohumerálního kloubu jsme objevili u 41 % pacientů. Diskuze: V porovnání s dalšími typy stabilizujících operací ramenního kloubu jsme zaznamenali významně menší omezení hybnosti. Výskyt rozvoje artrózy glenohumerálního kloubu je v porovnání s operací dle Maxe Langeho obdobný, při srovnání s operací dle Putti- Platta významně nižší. Výsledky operace dle Bankarta v našem souboru jsou srovnatelné s hodnocením dlouhodobých výsledků téže operace zahraničními autory. Při stabilizacích ramenního kloubu jistě dochází ke změně jeho biomechaniky, která vede k omezení hybnosti a časnějšímu rozvoji artrotických změn. Nicméně v našem souboru jsme nenalezli korelaci mezi omezením hybnosti a rozvojem artrózy, která je v zahraniční literatuře často udávána. Výskyt reluxací byl v našem souboru obdobný jako u ostatních typů otevřených operací. Závěr: Poslední dobou otevřené stabilizace přepouštějí místo artroskopickým metodám stabilizace ramenního kloubu. Avšak vzhledem k dobrým dlouhodobým výsledkům Bankartovy operace a naopak častějšímu výskytu reluxací u artroskopických výkonů se domníváme, že Bankartova operace by stále mohla být vhodnou metodou. Především pak u pacientů s kostěným defektem hlavice humeru, u kterých artroskopické metody častěji selhávají.
Introduction: There are many surgical procedures which can be used to resolve recurrent dislocation of the shoulder; some of them are open surgeries, though at present arthroscopic techniques are used increasingly. The aim of this work is to evaluate the long-term results of Bankart repairs conducted in the Orthopaedic Department of the Pardubice Regional Hospital. The authors evaluate not only recurrent dislocation, but also pain, motor limitation, and the development of osteoarthritis. Results are compared with other types of stabilizing operations. Method: 22 patients were followed after the Bankart repair for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. The procedure was conducted by the standard method described by Bankart in 1939 without the lateralization of the musculus subscapularis attachment. Patients were examined after a mean of 13.4 years after the surgery; the examination included a clinical examination and an X-ray. Clinical results were evaluated according to the Rowe score; osteoarthritic changes on X-rays were evaluated according to Hawkins. Results: All patients reported an improved status and satisfaction after surgery. All of the patients, moreover, were able to carry out their regular daily activities, including recreational sport. 64% of the patients were able to resume the sports they had pursued before the accident. When evaluating the Rowe score, the authors identified excellent results in 54% of patients, good results in 41% of patients, unsatisfactory results in 5% of patients, and no bad result was present. One patient experienced a redislocation 6 years after the operation. External rotation was limited most frequently after the surgery. Development of osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint was found in 41% of the patients. Discussion: The authors noticed a significantly lower limitation of motion in comparison with other types of shoulder stabilizing surgeries. The incidence of the development of osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint is similar compared to the Max Lange procedure, and significantly lower when compared to the Putti-Platt procedure. The results of Bankart repairs in the authors´ sample are comparable to the long-term results of the same operation by foreign authors. There is certainly a change of the biomechanics of the stabilized shoulder, leading to a motor reduction and an earlier development of osteoarthritis. The authors, however, did not find a correlation between reduced mobility and the development of osteoarthritis in their study, as often published in foreign literature. The occurrence of redislocation in the authors´ population was similar to other types of open surgeries. Conclusion: Recently, arthroscopic methods of shoulder joint stabilization have been replacing open stabilizations. Nevertheless, with a view to the good long-term results of the Bankart repair and even higher prevalence of redislocation after arthroscopic procedures, the authors believe that Bankart repairs could still represent an appropriate method, especially in patients with a bone defect in the humeral head, where arthroscopic methods fail more often.
- Klíčová slova
- přední nestabilita ramene, výsledky, artróza ramene,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- luxace ramenního kloubu * chirurgie prevence a kontrola radiografie MeSH
- nestabilita kloubu * chirurgie prevence a kontrola rehabilitace MeSH
- obnova funkce MeSH
- ramenní kloub * chirurgie MeSH
- rozsah kloubních pohybů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
AIMS: Monitoring of patients after ablation had wide variations in the ESC-EHRA atrial fibrillation ablation long-term (AFA-LT) registry. We aimed to compare four different monitoring strategies after catheter AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ESC-EHRA AFA-LT registry included 3593 patients who underwent ablation. Arrhythmia monitoring during follow-up was performed by 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter ECG, trans-telephonic ECG monitoring (TTMON), or an implanted cardiac monitoring (ICM) system. Patients were selected to a given monitoring group according to the most extensive ECG tool used in each of them. Comparison of the probability of freedom from recurrences was performed by censored log-rank test and presented by Kaplan-Meier curves. The rhythm monitoring methods were used among 2658 patients: ECG (N = 578), Holter ECG (N = 1874), TTMON (N = 101), and ICM (N = 105). A total of 767 of 2658 patients (28.9%) had AF recurrences during follow-up. Censored log-rank test discovered a lower probability of freedom from relapses, which was detected with ICM compared to TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG (P < 0.001). The rate of freedom from AF recurrences was 50.5% among patients using the ICM while it was 65.4%, 70.6%, and 72.8% using the TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG, respectively. CONCLUSION: Comparing all main electrocardiographic monitoring methods in a large patient sample, our results suggest that post-ablation recurrences of AF are significantly underreported by TTMON, ECG, and Holter ECG. The ICM estimates AF ablation recurrences most reliably and should be a preferred mode of monitoring for trials evaluating novel AF ablation techniques.
- MeSH
- ablace * MeSH
- elektrokardiografie ambulantní metody MeSH
- elektrokardiografie metody MeSH
- fibrilace síní diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následná péče MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- telefon MeSH
- telemetrie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B vaccination in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers considerably decreases the risk of vertical transmission. However, whether this protection against carriage of hepatitis B virus is maintained into early adulthood is as yet unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A combined passive-active immunization programme for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers was initiated in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic in 1988. The number of immunized newborns had reached 665 newborns by the end of 2006. All mothers of immunized infants were HBsAg-positive during pregnancy, and 34 (5%) were also hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive. The immunization programme consists of providing newborns with protection at birth with hepatitis B immunoglobulin, followed by three 10-ug doses of plasma-derived or, since 1990, recombinant vaccine administered at 0, 1 and 6months of life. Only 29 children of HBeAg-positive mothers received vaccine at 0, 1 and 2months of life. Blood samples were obtained after immunization, at 2years of age, and biennially thereafter. Samples were tested for HBsAg and hepatitis B surface and core antibodies (anti-HBs, anti-HBc). RESULTS: The immunization schedules were completed in 640 children. A protective anti-HBs level after immunization was proven in 574 of 620 children (93%). Persistence of protective anti-HBs antibodies was detected in 70, 40 and 25% of children at 5, 10 and 15years of age. Vertical transmission with chronic HBsAg carrier status was detected in two infants. Anti-HBc seroconversion was proven in ten children from 3 to 15years of age. Natural boosting with an anti-HBs increase was detected in 38 children (twice in one child). CONCLUSION: Our results show that combined active-passive immunization of newborns against hepatitis B provides persistent protection up to adolescence despite a frequent waning of anti-HBs antibodies, suggesting there is no need for booster vaccination during adolescence.
- MeSH
- čas MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hepatitida - antigeny imunologie krev MeSH
- hepatitida B - protilátky imunologie krev MeSH
- hepatitida B imunologie prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- očkovací schéma MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vakcína proti hepatitidě B * aplikace a dávkování imunologie MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- vertikální přenos infekce * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B * imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Between April 1995 and November 2005, 500 liver transplantations were performed in 476 patients of age from 3, till 70, at the Transplantation center of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) in Prague. The most common indications for liver transplantation were alcoholic liver cirrhosis (23%), hepatitis C cirrhosis (17%), and cholestatic cirrhosis (PBC and PSC, 9% each). Mean MELD score of recipients at the transplantation was 15-18 for each year of transplantation. Ten-years patient survival was 79.1 +/- 2.2%, and graft survival 74.1 +/- 2.1% respectively. Best patient and graft survival was achieved among patients transplanted for autoimmune liver diseases, the worst in group of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Malignancies were the most common cause of death during the period of follow-up (17 patients). METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients were followed longitudinally at the Department of hepatogastroenterology IKEM according to prospective protocol included protocol biopsies. Hypertension (in 71% of recipients), and overweight or obesity (in 56.3%), were the most prevalent medical complications among long-term survivors. Diabetes was found in 28.6%, of which 14.7% was de-nove diabetes after transplantation. Renal insufficiency (S-creatinin > 150 micromol/l) was present in 61 of 348 (17.6%) survivors. Out of these, 16 needed chronic hemodialysis, and 12 underwent kidney transplantation subsequently. Protocol biopsy at 5 years after transplantation was evaluated in a sample of 102 unselected liver transplant recipients. Normal liver was found in 4% of recipients, minor non-specific changes in 36% of them. Disease recurrence was present in all of 16 recipients transplanted for HCV cirrhosis, in one third of them graft cirrhosis was already present. Disease recurrence was found in patients transplanted for autoimmune disease frequently, PBC in 40%, PSC in 25%, and autoimmune hepatitis in 60% of recipients. Graft steatosis greater than 33% was present in 13% of recipients. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation is highly effective method of treatment of end stage liver disease. Despite frequent medical complications, and disease recurrence on histological examination almost 80% of recipients transplanted in the liver transplantation program in IKEM survived more than 10 years after procedure. The survival achieved was far above that of the European liver transplant registry.
- Klíčová slova
- indikace, imunosuprese, MELD skóre, přežívání pacientů, protokolární biopsie, End Stage Liver Disease,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- přežívající MeSH
- přežívání štěpu MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- selhání jater chirurgie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace jater mortalita statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři MeSH
Wiley series on health psychology/behavioral medicine
XVI, 303 s. ; 23 cm
This work presents the results of (137)Cs content long-term monitoring (1986-2007) in selected groups of foodstuffs. The data in the period of 1992-2007 were roughly log-normally distributed (beef, pork, milk). The more detailed statistical evaluation in this period of time was performed. Maximum likelihood method was used for estimation of the mean values. Several methods for decreasing the detection limits of (137)Cs (detector efficiency, sample preparation, counting containers) are listed and compared.
BACKGROUND: X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM) is a primary immunodeficiency with high morbidity and mortality compared with those seen in healthy subjects. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been considered a curative therapy, but the procedure has inherent complications and might not be available for all patients. OBJECTIVES: We sought to collect data on the clinical presentation, treatment, and follow-up of a large sample of patients with XHIGM to (1) compare long-term overall survival and general well-being of patients treated with or without HCT along with clinical factors associated with mortality and (2) summarize clinical practice and risk factors in the subgroup of patients treated with HCT. METHODS: Physicians caring for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases were identified through the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, United States Immunodeficiency Network, Latin American Society for Immunodeficiency, and Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium. Data were collected with a Research Electronic Data Capture Web application. Survival from time of diagnosis or transplantation was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method compared with log-rank tests and modeled by using proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Twenty-eight clinical sites provided data on 189 patients given a diagnosis of XHIGM between 1964 and 2013; 176 had valid follow-up and vital status information. Sixty-seven (38%) patients received HCT. The average follow-up time was 8.5 ± 7.2 years (range, 0.1-36.2 years). No difference in overall survival was observed between patients treated with or without HCT (P = .671). However, risk associated with HCT decreased for diagnosis years 1987-1995; the hazard ratio was significantly less than 1 for diagnosis years 1995-1999. Liver disease was a significant predictor of overall survival (hazard ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence limits, 2.2-10.8; P < .001). Among survivors, those treated with HCT had higher median Karnofsky/Lansky scores than those treated without HCT (P < .001). Among patients receiving HCT, 27 (40%) had graft-versus-host disease, and most deaths occurred within 1 year of transplantation. CONCLUSION: No difference in survival was observed between patients treated with or without HCT across all diagnosis years (1964-2013). However, survivors treated with HCT experienced somewhat greater well-being, and hazards associated with HCT decreased, reaching levels of significantly less risk in the late 1990s. Among patients treated with HCT, treatment at an early age is associated with improved survival. Optimism remains guarded as additional evidence accumulates.
- MeSH
- čas MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunodeficience s hyper-IgM mortalita terapie MeSH
- Kaplanův-Meierův odhad MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
The storage time and storage temperature might affect stability of oxidative stress biomarkers, therefore, they have to be analyzed after long-term storage of serum samples. The stability of three biomarkers reflecting oxidative stress: reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) for hydroperoxides, total thiol levels (TTL) for the redox status and biological antioxidant potency (BAP) for the antioxidant status, was investigated at several time points during 60 months of storage at -20 and -80 °C. Biomarkers ROM and BAP showed a very good stability during storage for 60 months at both temperatures. In addition, the correlation of the data after 60 months of storage compared with the starting data was very good with correlation coefficients >0.9. The TTL assay showed good results in serum samples stored at -80 °C, but not in samples stored at -20 °C. Serum samples for analysis of the set of oxidative stress biomarkers ROM, BAP and TTL can be stored up to 60 months at -80 °C. ROM and BAP can also be stored at -20 °C during this period. The present results are very important for the biomarker-related epidemiological studies that make use of biobanks with samples stored for many years and for new project planning, including sample storage conditions.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxidační stres * MeSH
- sérum metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Článek hodnotí dlouhodobé změny červeného krevního obrazu u elitní běžkyně. V průběhu 5 let bylo odebráno 29 krevních vzorků z kubitální žíly, u nichž byly hodnoceny a sledovány jednotlivé parametry červeného krevního obrazu. Všechny vzorky byly zpracovány ve specializované hematologické laboratoři. Všechny parametry byly statisticky zpracovány. Probandka měla diagnostikovanou sideropenickou anémii a byla pod pravidelnou suplementací železa vy výši 100 mg Fe2+ denně po celou dobu sledování. Kromě hodnoty sérové železa žádná z komponent nepřekročila referenční meze. Setrvalý mírný vzestup jsme zjistili u sérového železa, feritinu, střední koncentrace hemoglobinu v erytrocytu a naopak mírný pokles u celkového počtu erytrocytů, středního objemu erytrocytu a hematokritu. Na rozdíl od literatury jsme nezjistili typickou běžeckou makrocytózu, kterou popisuje Eichner (2001), ani nepotvrdili jednoznačnou korelaci mezi hladinou sérového železa a feritinem, které uvádí Falon (2004). Sérové Fe a Hb sezónně kolísaly, s maximem v zimním přípravném období a poklesem v závěru závodního období, respektive předzávodním období u hemoglobinu.
Case study elite female endurance runner is focused on changes in red blood count in long-term training load. In the course of five years, 29 blood samples were taken from the cubical vein in which individual components of the red blood cell were monitored. All samples were processing in a specialized haematology laboratory. All blood components were statistically analysed. Proband has diagnostic sideropenic anaemia and iron was supplemented with approximately 100 mg of Fe2+ per day throughout the monitoring period. In addition to serum iron, none of the components moved beyond the reference values. A slight upward trend was observed in serum iron, ferritin, haemoglobin and mean haemoglobin concentration in the erythrocyte in the observed period, a slight decrease in erythrocyte count, mean red blood cell count and haematocrit. We have not confirmed elite runners running macrocytosis, which reports Eichner (2001), even higher levels of ferritin in the female runners (Fallon, 2004). Seasonal analysis showed a higher seasonality for serum iron, lower for haemoglobin. The highest value is achieved in the prepare-winter period, when does an aerobic workout.