Panel analysis
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AGARD conference proceedings ; 588
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- MeSH
- letecké a kosmické lékařství MeSH
- letectví MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- vyučování MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- vzdělávání odborné MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- hyperbarická a letecká medicína
Recently, concerns regarding the safety of red yeast rice (RYR) have been raised after the publication of some case reports claiming toxicity. Since the previous meta-analyses on the effects of RYR were mainly focused on its efficacy to improve lipid profile and other cardiovascular parameters, we carried out a meta-analysis on safety data derived from the available randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Primary outcomes were musculoskeletal disorders (MuD). Secondary outcomes were non-musculoskeletal adverse events (Non-MuD) and serious adverse events (SAE). Subgroups analyses were carried out considering the intervention (RYR alone or in association with other nutraceutical compounds), monacolin K administered daily dose (≤3, 3.1-5 or >5 mg/day), follow-up (>12 or ≤12 weeks), with statin therapy or statin-intolerance and type of control treatment (placebo or statin treatment). Data were pooled from 53 RCTs comprising 112 treatment arms, which included 8535 subjects, with 4437 in the RYR arm and 4303 in the control one. Monacolin K administration was not associated with increased risk of MuD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53,1.65). Moreover, we showed reduced risk of Non-MuD (OR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.50, 0.69) and SAE (OR = 0.54, 95%CI 0.46, 0.64) vs. control. Subgroups analyses confirmed the high tolerability profile of RYR. Furthermore, increasing daily doses of monacolin K were negatively associated with increasing risk of Non-MuD (slope: -0.10; 95%CI: -0.17, -0.03; two-tailed p < 0.01). Based on our data, RYR use as lipid-lowering dietary supplement seems to be overall tolerable and safe in a large kind of moderately hypercolesterolaemic subjects.
Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics ; vol. 31
2nd ed. x, 306 s.
- MeSH
- lékařství MeSH
- metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
- náklady a analýza nákladů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- metaanalýza MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- lékařství
- management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
Germline DNA testing using the next-gene-ration sequencing (NGS) technology has become the analytical standard for the diagnostics of hereditary diseases, including cancer. Its increasing use places high demands on correct sample identification, independent confirmation of prioritized variants, and their functional and clinical interpretation. To streamline these processes, we introduced parallel DNA and RNA capture-based NGS using identical capture panel CZECANCA, which is routinely used for DNA analysis of hereditary cancer predisposition. Here, we present the analytical workflow for RNA sample processing and its analytical and diagnostic performance. Parallel DNA/RNA analysis allowed credible sample identification by calculating the kinship coefficient. The RNA capture-based approach enriched transcriptional targets for the majority of clinically relevant cancer predisposition genes to a degree that allowed analysis of the effect of identified DNA variants on mRNA processing. By comparing the panel and whole-exome RNA enrichment, we demonstrated that the tissue-specific gene expression pattern is independent of the capture panel. Moreover, technical replicates confirmed high reproducibility of the tested RNA analysis. We concluded that parallel DNA/RNA NGS using the identical gene panel is a robust and cost-effective diagnostic strategy. In our setting, it allows routine analysis of 48 DNA/RNA pairs using NextSeq 500/550 Mid Output Kit v2.5 (150 cycles) in a single run with sufficient coverage to analyse 226 cancer predisposition and candidate ge-nes. This approach can replace laborious Sanger confirmatory sequencing, increase testing turnaround, reduce analysis costs, and improve interpretation of the impact of variants by analysing their effect on mRNA processing.
- MeSH
- DNA genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory genetika diagnóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- RNA genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- sekvenční analýza RNA metody MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Dědičná nádorová onemocnění tvoří malou, ale klinicky významnou část onkologických onemocnění, v České republice se jedná ročně o několik tisíc osob. Identifikace kauzální mutace v nádorových predispozičních genech má u těchto nemocných zásadní prognostický a v některých případech i prediktivní význam. Mimo to je podmínkou cílené preventivní péče o asymptomatické nosiče mutací v rodinách se zvýšeným rizikem vzniku nádorového onemocnění. Do současné doby bylo charakterizováno více než 150 nádorových predispozičních genů. Mutace většiny z nich se vyskytují vzácně, s výraznou populační specifičností a jejich klinická interpretace je často obtížná. Diagnostiku raritních variant technicky zjednodušují postupy využívající sekvenování nové generace, které umožňují vyšetření rozsáhlých sad genů. Za účelem racionalizace diagnostiky hereditárních nádorových syndromů v České republice jsme navrhli sekvenační panel „CZECANCA“, který cílí na vyšetření 219 genů asociovaných s dědičnými nádorovými onemocněními. Panel obsahuje přes 50 klinicky významných genů vysokého a středního rizika, zbývající geny tvoří málo prozkoumané a kandidátní predispoziční geny, jejichž vrozené mutace mají nejasnou klinickou interpretaci. Společně s návrhem panelu byl optimalizován postup vlastního sekvenování a bioinformatického zpracování sekvenačních dat pro tvorbu jednotné databáze genotypů analyzovaných vzorků. Cílem projektu je nabídnout použití sekvenačního panelu včetně optimalizovaného postupu sekvenování nové generace diagnostickým laboratořím v České republice a zajistit sdílení genotypů a klinických údajů o vyšetřovaných pacientech ve společné databázi za účelem zlepšení možnosti klinické interpretace vzácných mutací u vysoce rizikových osob.
Individuals with hereditary cancer syndromes form a minor but clinically important subgroup of oncology patients, comprising several thousand cases in the Czech Republic annually. In these patients, the identification of pathogenic mutations in cancer susceptibility genes has an important predictive and, in some cases, prognostic value. It also enables rational preventive strategies in asymptomatic carriers from affected families. More than 150 cancer susceptibility genes have been described so far; however, mutations in most of them are very rare, occurring with substantial population variability, and hence their clinical interpretation is very complicated. Diagnostics of mutations in cancer susceptibility genes have benefited from the broad availability of next-generation sequencing analyses using targeted gene panels. In order to rationalize the diagnostics of hereditary cancer syndromes in the Czech Republic, we have prepared the sequence capture panel “CZECANCA”, targeting 219 cancer susceptibility genes. Besides more than 50 clinically important high- and moderate-penetrance susceptibility genes, the panel also targets less common candidate genes with uncertain clinical relevance. Alongside the panel design, we have optimized the analytical and bioinformatics pipeline, which will facilitate establishing a collective nationwide database of genotypes and clinical data from the analyzed individuals. The key objective of this project is to provide diagnostic laboratories in the Czech Republic with a reliable procedure and collective database improving the clinical utility of next-generation sequencing analyses in high-risk patients, which would help improve the interpretation of rare or population-specific variants in cancer susceptibility genes. Key words: genetic predisposition testing – hereditary cancer syndromes – high-throughput nucleotide sequencing – genetic information databases – panel sequencing – sequence capture – next-generation sequencing (NGS) This work was supported by Czech Ministry of Health grants No. NT14054, NV15-28830A, NV15--27695A and The League Against Cancer Prague. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 2. 10. 2015 Accepted: 13. 10. 2015
- Klíčová slova
- sekvenování nové generace (NGS), cílené sekvenování, panelové sekvenování,
- MeSH
- databáze genetické * využití MeSH
- dědičné nádorové syndromy * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- genetické testování metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- šíření informací MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- zárodečné mutace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) are the most common inherited neurological condition. It represents a highly heterogeneous group, both clinically and genetically. Targeted disease specific gene panel massively parallel sequencing (MPS) seems to be a useful tool in diagnosis of disorders with high genetic heterogeneity. METHODS: In our study, we have designed, validated and updated our own custom gene panel of all known genes associated with IPN. One hundred and ninety-eight patients have been tested so far. Only patients in whom mutations in more common causes or relevant genes have already been excluded were enrolled. Five consecutive panel designs were prepared according to recent literature search, the last one covering ninety-three genes. Each patient was tested only once. All data were evaluated with at least two different pipelines. RESULTS: In summary, causative mutation has been found in fifty-one patients (26 %). The results were inconclusive in thirty-one (16 %) patients. No variants of likely significance to IPN were found in one hundred and sixteen (58 %) patients. CONCLUSION: MPS gene panel enables testing of all known IPN causes at once with high coverage and at an affordable cost making it truly a method of choice also in IPN. Gene panel testing results in several interesting results and findings.
- MeSH
- Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc diagnóza genetika MeSH
- cytoplazmatické dyneiny genetika MeSH
- genetické testování metody MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- hereditární motorické a senzitivní neuropatie genetika MeSH
- intracelulární signální peptidy a proteiny genetika MeSH
- konexiny genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nemoci periferního nervového systému diagnóza genetika MeSH
- proteiny buněčného cyklu genetika MeSH
- RNA-helikasy genetika MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: In the current European Association of Urology (EAU) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) guideline, two classification systems for grade are advocated: WHO1973 and WHO2004/2016. OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognostic value of these WHO systems. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Individual patient data for 5145 primary Ta/T1 NMIBC patients from 17 centers were collected between 1990 and 2019. The median follow-up was 3.9 yr. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariate and multivariable analyses of WHO1973 and WHO2004/2016 stratified by center were performed for time to recurrence, progression (primary endpoint), cystectomy, and duration of survival, taking into account age, concomitant carcinoma in situ, gender, multiplicity, tumor size, initial treatment, and tumor stage. Harrell's concordance (C-index) was used for prognostic accuracy of classification systems. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The median age was 68 yr; 3292 (64%) patients had Ta tumors. Neither classification system was prognostic for recurrence. For a four-tier combination of both WHO systems, progression at 5-yr follow-up was 1.4% in low-grade (LG)/G1, 3.8% in LG/G2, 7.7% in high grade (HG)/G2, and 18.8% in HG/G3 (log-rank, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses with WHO1973 and WHO2004/2016 as independent variables, WHO1973 was a significant prognosticator of progression (p < 0.001), whereas WHO2004/2016 was not anymore (p = 0.067). C-indices for WHO1973, WHO2004, and the WHO systems combined for progression were 0.71, 0.67, and 0.73, respectively. Prognostic analyses for cystectomy and survival showed results similar to those for progression. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prognostic factor study, both classification systems were prognostic for progression but not for recurrence. For progression, the prognostic value of WHO1973 was higher than that of WHO 2004/2016. The four-tier combination (LG/G1, LG/G2, HG/G2, and HG/G3) of both WHO systems proved to be superior, as it divides G2 patients into two subgroups (LG and HG) with different prognoses. Hence, the current EAU-NMIBC guideline recommendation to use both WHO classification systems remains correct. PATIENT SUMMARY: At present, two classification systems are used in parallel to grade non-muscle-invasive bladder tumors. Our data on a large number of patients showed that the older classification system (WHO1973) performed better in terms of assessing progression than the more recent (WHO2004/2016) one. Nevertheless, we conclude that the current guideline recommendation for the use of both classification systems remains correct, since this has the advantage of dividing the large group of WHO1973 G2 patients into two subgroups (low and high grade) with different prognoses.
- MeSH
- cystektomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře * chirurgie terapie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- urologie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
Východisko. Hemofilie A je jednou z nejčastějších vrozených krvácivých poruch. Znalost molekulární příčiny onemocnění je využívána při genetickém poradenství a pomáhá odhadnout riziko závažné komplikace standardní léčby (inhibitor faktoru VIII). Deficit faktoru VIII je způsoben širokým spektrem mutací. Pouze inverze s místy zlomu v intronech 22, respektive 1 se vyskytují častěji. Ostatní mutace je nutno hledat v celém rozsahu 26 exonů kódujících 9 kb mRNA a v přilehlých nekódujících sekvencích. Cílem práce bylo metodicky zajistit urychlení genotypizace hemofilických rodin v České republice využitím analýzy amplikonů jednotlivých exonů genu faktoru VIII pomocí denaturační vysokotlaké kapalinové chromatografie. Metody a výsledky. Citlivost metody jsme ověřovali na panelu vzorků DNA se 49 dříve charakterizovanými různými sekvenčními variantami genu faktoru VIII, celkem ve 21 exonech. Všechny testované sekvenční změny byly snadno detekovány. Testování příbuzných ukázalo velmi dobrou reprodukovatelnost jednotlivých elučních profilů. Navíc se podařilo detekovat kauzální mutace u 4 z 5 zjevně nepříbuzných hemofilických rodin, u kterých nebyla předchozí analýza metodou multiplexní CSGE úspěšná. Závěry. Zavedená metoda významně urychlí genotypizaci rodin s hemofilií A v České republice.
Background. Haemophilia A is one of the most prevalent inherited bleeding disorders. Causal mutations in the factor VIII gene are detected to facilitate the genetic counselling and to estimate the risk of serious complication associated with standard treatment (factor VIII inhibitor). Wide range of mutations located across the entire length of the factor VIII gene underlies the factor VIII deficiency of variable severity. The only two common recurrent mutations in the factor VIII gene are intron 22 and intron 1 inversions. In the remaining cases it is necessary to screen all 26 exons encoding 9kb mRNA together with adjacent nonncoding sequences. In order to speed up genotyping in haemophilia A families in the Czech Republic we evaluated DHPLC-based screening technique. Methods and Results.We tested sensitivity of the analysis on a panel of DNA samples containing 49 different sequence variations distributed over 21 exons. All the genetic alterations were readily detected. Analysis of family members has shown good reproducibility of the respective elution patterns. DHPLC analysis detected mutations in 4 out of 5 samples from apparently unrelated haemophilia patients, where previously applied multiplex CSGE was not successful. Conclusions. Establishing of DHPLC analysis will substantially speed up the genotyping of haemophilia A families in the Czech Republic
Although awareness of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is increasing, this common, potentially fatal, treatable condition remains underdiagnosed. Despite FH being a genetic disorder, genetic testing is rarely used. The Familial Hypercholesterolemia Foundation convened an international expert panel to assess the utility of FH genetic testing. The rationale includes the following: 1) facilitation of definitive diagnosis; 2) pathogenic variants indicate higher cardiovascular risk, which indicates the potential need for more aggressive lipid lowering; 3) increase in initiation of and adherence to therapy; and 4) cascade testing of at-risk relatives. The Expert Consensus Panel recommends that FH genetic testing become the standard of care for patients with definite or probable FH, as well as for their at-risk relatives. Testing should include the genes encoding the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9); other genes may also need to be considered for analysis based on patient phenotype. Expected outcomes include greater diagnoses, more effective cascade testing, initiation of therapies at earlier ages, and more accurate risk stratification.
- MeSH
- apolipoproteiny B krev genetika MeSH
- genetické poradenství metody normy MeSH
- genetické testování metody normy MeSH
- hyperlipoproteinemie typ II krev diagnóza genetika MeSH
- LDL-receptory krev genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proproteinkonvertasa subtilisin/kexin typu 9 krev genetika MeSH
- znalecký posudek metody normy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH