BACKGROUND: Despite concerns about worsening pregnancy outcomes resulting from healthcare restrictions, economic difficulties and increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, preterm birth (PTB) rates declined in some countries in 2020, while stillbirth rates appeared stable. Like other shocks, the pandemic may have exacerbated existing socioeconomic disparities in pregnancy, but this remains to be established. Our objective was to investigate changes in PTB and stillbirth by socioeconomic status (SES) in European countries. METHODS: The Euro-Peristat network implemented this study within the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI) project. A common data model was developed to collect aggregated tables from routine birth data for 2015-2020. SES was based on mother's educational level or area-level deprivation/maternal occupation if education was unavailable and harmonized into low, medium and high SES. Country-specific relative risks (RRs) of PTB and stillbirth for March to December 2020, adjusted for linear trends from 2015 to 2019, by SES group were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-one countries provided data on perinatal outcomes by SES. PTB declined by an average 4% in 2020 {pooled RR: 0.96 [95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.94-0.97]} with similar estimates across all SES groups. Stillbirths rose by 5% [RR: 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99-1.10)], with increases of between 3 and 6% across the three SES groups, with overlapping confidence limits. CONCLUSIONS: PTB decreases were similar regardless of SES group, while stillbirth rates rose without marked differences between groups.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiology   MeSH
• Health Status Disparities MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Stillbirth * epidemiology   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Premature Birth * epidemiology   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Socioeconomic Disparities in Health MeSH
• Social Class MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

• MeSH
• Information Systems MeSH
• Health Services Administration MeSH
• Community Health Services MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

• MeSH
• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention & control   MeSH
• HIV Infections prevention & control   MeSH
• National Health Programs MeSH
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevention & control   MeSH
• Public Health MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• dermatovenerologie

• MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Persons with Disabilities statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• National Health Programs MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Wrongful Life MeSH

• Conspectus
• Demografie. Populace
• NML Fields
• demografie

Computers are more important for people with a disability than for common population. This group cannot work or study in obvious way. The reduced ability of movement does not enable to leave their residence, to meet other people or to join in numerous activities. Due to this reason electronic communication has capital importance for these people. Contemporary market offers computers with modifications, technical equipment and assistive devices. It is necessary to consult their right use with a professional and the best is an occupational therapist. On the base of initial medical history the therapist recommends suitable and safe operation of the computer. Great emphasis must be put on ergonomics of working place, ergonomic aids and work organization. This avoids possible stress and complications. Education is very important. With the help of computers disabled people may not be limited in such extent, both in company sphere and study or career implementation. They can realise themselves, obtain information, advice, assistance, they can make new contacts and enjoy themselves. Electronic communication eliminates isolation of these people. Not insignificant plus is also financial advantageousness of electronic communication. Computers and internet network can be an important way of education for those people whose regular school attendance causes problems. Thanks to work on a computer the employment opportunities and retraining possibilities appeared for people with a disability. This information is principal and is related to job rehabilitation and motivation for further education. It is very important to obtain information on various projects and to join them. Although the disabled people have legislative protection in the labour market, the interest of the employers and their individual approach is still essential. It is also necessary to impact social environment and the access of our society.

• MeSH
• Internet * instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computers standards   utilization   MeSH
• Computer Communication Networks * instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Persons with Disabilities * rehabilitation   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Education, Special methods   organization & administration   MeSH
• Employment, Supported methods   organization & administration   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Demography MeSH
• Information Systems MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Computers MeSH
• Data Display MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czechoslovakia MeSH

• Keywords
• organizovaný screeningový program, hodnocení screeningového procesu, indikátory kvality, epidemiologie zhoubných nádorů,
• MeSH
• Epidemiologic Methods MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Medical Oncology methods   organization & administration   trends   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms diagnosis   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• National Health Programs organization & administration   MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Preventive Health Services methods   organization & administration   trends   MeSH
• Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Government Programs MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

České programy screeningu zhoubných nádorů disponují komplexním multimodálním infor­mačním systémem, který pokrývá všechny potřebné úrovně hodnocení – populační monitoring (Národní onkologický registr ČR), monitoring výsledků v dia­gnostických databázích center a kvantifikaci pokrytí a výstupů primární péče v administrativních datech plátců péče. V roce 2014 bylo v ČR zahájeno adresné zvaní občanů do screeningu nádorů, a to na základě samostatné komponenty informačního systému, která umožňuje identifikaci vhodných klientů v databázích plátců péče. Systém byl plně standardizován a jednotně implementován ve všech zdravotních pojišťovnách; jeho funkčnost rovněž zahrnuje průběžné i retrospektivní hodnocení výsledků adresného zvaní. V budoucnosti je nezbytné využít a aplikovat platný legislativní rámec pro komplexnější a integrovanější využití všech zapojených zdrojů dat, tedy onkologických registrů, screeningových registrů a administrativních dat. Systém musí dosáhnout na analýzu anonymizovaných individuálních záznamů o účasti klientů ve screeningu a zajistit tak plnohodnotnou analýzu indikátorů kvality dle mezinárodních doporučení.

Czech cancer screening programmes feature a comprehensive multimodal information system which covers all the levels of assessment needed – population-based monitoring (Czech National Cancer Registry), monitoring of results in the diagnostic databases of centres, as well as the quantification of coverage and outputs of primary care according to the administrative data of health care payers. A system of personalised invitations to cancer screening programmes was launched in 2014, based on a stand-alone component of the information system which makes it possible to identify eligible clients in health care payers’ databases. The system was fully standardised and uniformly implemented in all health insurance companies; its functionalities also involve both continuous and retrospective assessment of the results of personalised invitation. The legislative framework in force will have to be applied and implemented for a more comprehensive and integrated employment of all involved data sources, i.e. cancer registries, screening registries, and administrative data. The system must be able to analyse de-identified individual records on clients’ participation in screening programmes, and thus to ensure an adequate analysis of performance indicators in compliance with international recommendations. Key words: screening – background information – monitoring – cancer – registry – data collection This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of meth­­odology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the program­­me of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 16. 9. 2014 Accepted: 22. 10. 2014

• Keywords
• adresné zvaní,
• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Databases as Topic MeSH
• Information Systems * organization & administration   utilization   MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms * epidemiology   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms * epidemiology   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Breast Neoplasms * epidemiology   mortality   prevention & control   MeSH
• Mass Screening * methods   organization & administration   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Postal Service MeSH
• Reminder Systems MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Data Collection methods   MeSH
• Systems Integration MeSH
• Universal Health Insurance MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care standards   MeSH
• Quality Improvement MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

V článku popisuji preventivní program, s nímž jsem měla možnost se seznámit při stáži na univerzitě v Belgii. Belgie je země s velkým počtem imigrantů z různých zemí, tento program je zaměřen na nejpočetnější minoritní skupiny obyvatel v Belgii, na imigranty z Maroka a Turecka. Cílem programu je oslovit ženy z těchto minorit. Článek se snaží seznámit čtenáře se způsobem preventivní práce, která je realizována v Belgii. Mohl by být také podnětem k přemyšlení nad jinými formami prevence.

The article describes a drug prevention programme which I became familiar with during my internship in Belgium. Belgium is a country with a large number of immigrants from a range of countries. This programme focuses on the two largest minority population groups, immigrants from Morocco and Turkey. It is specifically designed for women. The goal of this article is to provide information about this type of preventive programme and preventive work carried out in Belgium. The article is also intended to stimulate ideas about other forms of preventive work.

• MeSH
• Community Health Planning methods   organization & administration   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Minority Groups psychology   education   MeSH
• Primary Prevention methods   MeSH
• Healthy People Programs methods   MeSH
• Information Dissemination methods   MeSH
• Drug Users education   MeSH
• Child Rearing MeSH
• Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice MeSH
• Minority Health MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Geographicals
• Belgium MeSH

• MeSH
• Medical Informatics MeSH
• Computer-Assisted Instruction MeSH
• Education, Medical MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Výchova a vzdělávání
• NML Fields
• pedagogika
• lékařská informatika