• Keywords
• Elecsys,
• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Thyroid Hormones MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• biochemie
• pediatrie
• endokrinologie
• NML Publication type
• brožury

Retinal microcirculation reflects retinal perfusion abnormalities and retinal arterial structural changes at relatively early stages of various cardiovascular diseases. Our objective has been to establish reference values for major functional and structural parameters of retinal microcirculation in a randomly selected urban population sample. A total of 398 randomly selected individuals from an urban population aged 25 to 65 years, resident in Pilsen, Czech Republic, were screened for major cardiovascular risk factors. Retinal microcirculation was assessed using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF), with data evaluable in 343 patients. Of this number, complete data were available for 256 individuals free from manifest cardiovascular disease, diabetes and drug treatment for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, constituting the reference value population. Juxtapapillary retinal capillary blood flow has increased significantly with age whereas vessel and luminal diameters have decreased. No sex differences in retinal microcirculation parameters have been found. Therefore, reference values for retinal microcirculation parameters have been established by age groups. Unattended automated office systolic BP, after adjusting for age, correlated significantly with wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and wall thickness (WT). Moreover, after adjusting for age and mean BP, a positive relationship has been found between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and WT, WLR and wall cross-sectional area, indicating the interaction between micro- and macro-vasculature. In conclusion, our study is the first to provide reference values of retinal microcirculation parameters in a random Caucasian population sample. Our results have shown that, at the population level, the first structural changes in retinal microcirculation are those in lumen diameters. Of note, a close relationship between BP and vascular remodeling of retinal arterioles and between aortic stiffness and WLR of retinal arterioles suggests an interaction between micro- and macro-vasculature.

• MeSH
• White People MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Blood Pressure MeSH
• Laser-Doppler Flowmetry * MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microcirculation * MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Race Factors MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Regional Blood Flow MeSH
• Vascular Remodeling MeSH
• Retinal Vessels physiopathology   MeSH
• Blood Flow Velocity MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Vascular Stiffness MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

BACKGROUND: The reference values of young athletes for cardiopulmonary exercise testing are lacking. Expert opinions encourage production of local values specific for certain population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 136 healthy male caucasian athletic children and adolescents coming from one specific football school in northern Slovakia. Exercise testing with continuous electrocardiography was performed, and ventilatory parameters, oxygen uptake (VO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were measured continuously with a respiratory gas analysis system. RESULTS: Peak VO2max/kg was changing very little across the childhood, whereas the peak work rate, heart rate and O2Pulse were. Linear regression analysis showed a significant effect of age on VE/VCO2. CONCLUSION: This work provides a reference values for the most important cardiopulmonary variables that can be obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing in athletic children.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Electrocardiography MeSH
• Oxygen metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Carbon Dioxide metabolism   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Respiratory Function Tests MeSH
• Athletes * MeSH
• Exercise Test * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

BACKGROUND: IGF1 is responsible for regulation of growth, metabolism and differentiation of human cells. IGFBP3 is the most abundant of the carrier proteins for IGF1 in the blood. IGF1/IGFBP3 molar ratio is an indicator of IGF1 bioavailability. We decided to create a file of reference ranges of IGF1, IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBPP3 ratio for the adult Czech population across the age spectrum. METHODS: We selected a group of 1022 subjects, 467 males and 555 females (ages 20-98 years), from several regions in the Czech Republic. The group consisted of blood donors and patients undergoing regular preventive examinations. Serum levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3 were measured using the following radioimmunoassay kits: IRMA IGF1 (Immunotech, Marseille, France) and IRMA IGFBP3 (Immunotech, Prague, Czech Republic). The IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio was also calculated. The following groups of patients were excluded: patients with diabetes, high blood glucose, high insulin levels, post-surgery patients, polymorbid patients, and subjects with oncological diseases. Subjects were divided into seven age-groups. Changes in the levels of observed analytes in each decade across the age spectrum were evaluated. All statistical analyses were performed by SAS 9.3 (Statistical Analysis Software release 9.3; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS: All three parameters IGF1, IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 decreased in parallel with decrease in age: p<0.0001, r=-0.64, -0.35 and -0.54, respectively. The dynamics of the decline was different between males and females. Linear regression models with age as independent variable fitted by gender are displayed in Fig. 1. Non-parametric reference interval curves (medians and 2.5th-97.5th percentiles) for IGF1, IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio as function of age by gender are displayed in Fig. 2(a,b,c). All medians and 2.5th-97.5th percentiles were plotted by cubic spline. For males, linear regression models were as follows: IGF1=291.34619-2.41211 × age, IGFBP3=2931.62778-6.11659 × age, IGF1/IGFBP3=0.02897-0.00021213 × age. For females, we plotted the following: IGF1=241.67406-1.98466 × age, IGFBP3=3688.60561-16.39560 × age, IGF1/IGFBP3=0.02029-0.00013233 × age. IGF1 was statistically significantly higher in males with p<0.0001 (Wilcoxon test) but decreased faster (p=0.0121). IGFBP3 was statistically significantly higher in females with p=0.0004 (Wilcoxon test) but decreased faster (p<0.0001). IGF1/IGFBP3 was statistically significantly higher in males with p<0.0001 (Wilcoxon test) but decreased faster (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Authors recommend using of a linear regression model based reference ranges for IGF1, IGFBP3 and IGF1/IGFBP3 ratio and using different reference ranges for genders.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 blood   MeSH
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor I analysis   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Linear Models MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Sex Characteristics MeSH
• Radioimmunoassay MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Aging blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

BACKGROUND: The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score has been recognized as a non-invasive test for liver fibrosis. However, reference intervals, biological variation and analytical performance have not been studied in detail so far. The aim was to acquire data that are essential for correct interpretation. METHODS: A total of 40 apparently healthy volunteers were evaluated for reference ranges of serum concentration of hyaluronic acid, aminoterminal propeptide of type III collagen, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1, and calculated ELF score. A subgroup of 20 subjects was evaluated repeatedly for 7 weeks. For all variables, reference intervals, within-subject and between-subject biological variations, reference change values, and the indexes of individuality were assessed. Analytical performance (intermediate precision) and interlaboratory comparison were also evaluated. RESULTS: The reference ranges were 5.1-62.7 μg/L for HA, 3.56-12.6 μg/L for PIIINP, 143.6-265.3 μg/L for TIMP-1, and 7.14-9.55 for the ELF score. The within-subject variations were 32.7, 10.6, 4.2, and 3.2% for HA, PIIINP, TIMP-1, and ELF score, respectively. Similarly, the between-subject variations were 59.0, 13.3, 12.8, and 5.2%. For the ELF score, RCV was 10.1% and II was 0.62. The intermediate precisions were <5%, <6%, and <10% for HA, PIIINP, and TIMP-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The reference range of the ELF score overlap with the area defined as moderate fibrosis by the manufacturer. High biological variation of HA was diminished by the natural logarithm in the calculation of the ELF score. The use of the ELF score has suitable analytical and acceptable biological performance characteristics for clinical practice. However, the transfer of results evaluated in healthy persons to the populations with chronic liver diseases deserves caution.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Liver Cirrhosis diagnosis   MeSH
• Hyaluronic Acid standards   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Peptide Fragments standards   MeSH
• Procollagen standards   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index * MeSH
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 standards   MeSH
• Healthy Volunteers MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Tento prehľadový článok zdôrazňuje kľúčovú úlohu hmotnosti a rozmerov orgánov ako základných ukazovateľov pri diagnostike v súdnom lekárstve a pato- lógii. Zmeny hmotnosti orgánov slúžia ako základné markery patologických stavov a pomáhajú súdnym lekárom a patológom pri interpretácii nálezov z pitvy. Prehľad zdôrazňuje dôležitosť presnosti pri stanovovaní referenčných hodnôt orgánov, berúc do úvahy faktory, ako sú špecifické referenčné hodnoty pre po- puláciu a rovnako tak korelácie s telesnými parametrami. Okrem toho skúma vplyv obezity na hmotnosti orgánov, pričom zdôrazňuje potrebu aktualizovania databáz, ktoré presne odrážajú rôzne populácie. Článok podčiarkuje nedostatočnosť spoliehania sa na zastarané zdroje a obhajuje vytvorenie komplexnej a aktualizovanej databázy hmotností a rozmerov orgánov pre lokálnu populáciu, ktorá je nevyhnutná pre presnú forenznú interpretáciu výsledkov pitvy.

This review article highlights the crucial role of organ weights and dimensions as key indicators in forensic diagnosis. Organ weight changes serve as valuable markers for pathological conditions, aiding forensic doctors in interpreting autopsy findings. The review emphasizes the importance of precision in establish- ing organ reference values, considering factors like population-specific norms and correlations with body parameters. Furthermore, it explores the impact of obesity on organ weights, emphasizing the need for updated databases that accurately reflect diverse populations. The article underscores the inadequacy of relying on outdated sources and advocates for creating a comprehensive and updated database of organ weights and dimensions for the local population, essential for accurate forensic interpretations.

• MeSH
• Obesity pathology   MeSH
• Autopsy * methods   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Body Weights and Measures classification   MeSH
• Organ Size * MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Diagnostické referenční úrovně - DRL (směrné hodnoty) aktivit radiofarmak aplikovaných v nukleámí medicíně byly v ČR zavedeny v roce 1997 zákonem č. 18/1997 Sb. a vyhláškou SÚJB č. 184/1997 Sb. O požadavcích na zajištění radiační ochrany. Na jednotlivých pracovištích je jejich dodržování zavedeno schváleným programem zabezpečování jakosti. Dvě dotazníkové akce provedené v letech 1998 a 2001 ukázaly, že dvě třetiny pracovišť nemají závažné problémy s dodržováním DRL v klinické praxi. Zbývající třetina pracovišť upozornila na příliš nízké hodnoty DRL pro některá vyšetření. Vliv DRL na průměrné aplikované aktivity radiofarmak byl sledován jako vedlejší výstup průzkumu radiační zátěže obyvatelstva z nukleární medicíny v ČR v roce 1999. U více než poloviny vyšetření se ve srovnání s rokem 1995 průměrné aplikované aktivity radiofarmak snížily, u zbývajících vyšetřeni se rosily. Tyto zmeny vedly k výslednému snížení roční kolektivní efektivní dávky obyvatelstva ČR v uvedeném období o 2,8 man Sv. DRL zabránily růstovému trendu v průměrných aplikovaných aktivitách počínajícímu v roce 1987, kdy byl v ČR proveden první průzkum tohoto druhu.

Diagnostic reference levels (DRL) of the activity of radiopharmaceuticals administered in nuclear medicine were introduced in the Czech Republic in 1997 by act no. 18/1997 and decree of the State Institute of Nuclear Safety no. 184/1997 on requirements to ensure nuclear protection. At individual departments its adherence is ensured by the approved quality assurance programme. Two questionnaire surveys implemented in 1998 and 2001 revealed that two thirds of departments do not have serious problems with adherence to DRL in clinical practice. The remaining third drew attention to too low DRL levels for some examinations. The influence of DRL on mean administered activities )f radiopharmaceuticals was investigated as a secondary outcome of investigation of the radiation burden of the population from nuclear medicine in the Czech Republic in 1999. In more than half the examinations, as coinpared with values for 1995, the mean administered activities of radiopharmaceuticals decreased, in the remainder they increased. These changes led to a resultant decrease in the annual collective effective level during the mentioned period by 2.8 man Sv in the population of the Czech Republic. The DRL prevented a rising trend of mean administered activities starting in 1987 when in the Czech Republic the first investigation of this type was conducted.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nuclear Medicine MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Radiation Protection MeSH
• Radiopharmaceuticals administration & dosage   diagnostic use   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Guideline MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endogenous mediator with significant role in the respiratory system. Many endogenous and exogenous factors influence the synthesis of NO and its level is significantly changed during the inflammation. Analysis of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is not validated so far as the diagnostic method. There is a lack of reference values with possible identification of factors modulating the nNO levels. In healthy adult volunteers (n=141) we studied nasal NO values by NIOX MINO® (Aerocrine, Sweden) according to the recommendations of the ATS & ERS. Gender, age, height, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, FEV1/FVC, PEF and numbers of leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes were studied as potential variables influencing the levels of nNO. The complexity of the results allowed us to create a homogenous group for nasal NO monitoring and these data can be used further as the reference data for given variables. Because of significant correlation between nNO and exhaled NO, our results support the "one airway - one disease" concept. Reference values of nasal NO and emphasis of the individual parameters of tested young healthy population may serve as a starting point in the non-invasive monitoring of the upper airway inflammation.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Nasal Mucosa chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Nitric Oxide analysis   metabolism   MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Respiratory Function Tests methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Keywords
• Intralipid,
• MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipoproteins, HDL analysis   blood   MeSH
• Postprandial Period MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• In Vitro Techniques MeSH
• Fat Emulsions, Intravenous administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Posturální stabilita stoje je v klinické praxi nejčastěji testována pomocí technik využívající jednoduché funkční testy nebo pomocí komplexnějších škál a baterií, které hodnotí nejen rovnováhu stoje, ale jsou často spojovány s dalšími funkčními testy stoje, změn poloh a chůze. Pro objektivní přístrojové hodnocení posturální stability jsou nejčastěji využívány silové plošiny, které slouží k měření reakčních sil působících od podložky, anebo tlakové plošiny určené pro měření tlaku způsobeného kontaktu nohou s podložkou. V článku je popisováno využití systému hodnotícího dynamickou posturální stabilitu pomocí dynamické počítačové posturografie NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System, který je nejčastěji využíván pro hodnocení klinického stavu pacientů s poruchami rovnováhy. Ze zkušeností získaných při řešení studií využívající výše uvedený systém vyplývá, že číselné hodnoty normovaných dat uváděných výrobcem Natus Medical Incorporated nejsou, s ohledem na jejich nastavení k diagnostice poruch rovnováhy, dostatečně citlivé pro hodnocení parametrů dynamické posturální stabilizace běžné mladé populace. Studie je proto věnována prezentaci zjištěných referenčních hodnot vybraných parametrů dynamické posturální stabilizace přístroje NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System pro věkovou skupinu mezi 20-30 lety. U záměrně vybrané skupiny 50 zdravých probandů (muži n=25, ženy n=25) ve věku 20-30 let (±25,22) byly za shodně dodržeých podmínek testování naměřeny parametry testovacích protokolů, nabízených NeuroCom SMART Equitest System: Sensory Organization Testu (SOT), Motor Control Testu (MCT) a Adaptation Testu (ADT). Výsledky byly vyhodnoceny stejnou metodikou, jakou byly získány normativní hodnoty publikované v manuálech testovacího systému. Získaná výsledná data některých parametrů popsaných testů jsou prezentována jako referenční hodnoty (REF 20-30) pro skupinu mladých zdravých jedinců ve věku 20-30 let žijících v ČR a jeví se jako výrazně citlivější pro hodnocení dynamické posturální stability běžné mladé a aktivně sportující populace.

In clinical practice, postural stability of standing position is most frequently tested by basic techniques using simple functional tests or by means of more complex scales and batteries, which do not only evaluate balance in the standing position, but at also associated with other functional tests in the standing position, changes in position and walking. For the objective evaluation of postural stability, the most frequently used are force workout platforms, which serve for measuring of reaction forces acting from the platform, or pressure platforms meant for measuring pressure caused by the contact of feet with the platform. The paper describes the use of the system evaluating dynamic postural stability by means of the dynamic computing posturography NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System, which is most frequently used for evaluating clinical conditions of the patients with balance disorders. From the experience obtained in processing the studies using the above-mentioned system in came out that numeric values of and standardized data, presented by the produced Natus Medical Incorporated, considering their adjustment are not for the diagnostics of balance disorders, sufficiently sensitive form evaluating parameters of dynamic postural stabilization in a common young population. The study is therefore devoted for presenting the determined reference values of selected parameters of dynamic postural stabilization of NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System for the age group between 20 – 30 years of age. In the purposely selected group of 50 healthy probands (25 men and 25 women) at the age of 20 to 30 years (25±22), the equally maintained testing conditions provided parameters of testing protocols offered by NeuroCom SMART Equitest System: Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Motor Control Test (MCT) and the Adaptation Test (ADT). The results were evaluated by the same methodology, as the normative values published in manuals of the testing system. The resulting data of several parameters of the described tests obtained, resented as reference values (REF 20-30) for the group of young healthy individuals at the age of 20-30 years, who live in the Czech Republic and appear be markedly more sensitive for evaluation dynamic postural stability of a common population actively performing sports.

• Keywords
• dynamická posturální stabilizace, NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System,
• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Postural Balance * MeSH
• Reference Values MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH