Volatility
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This review summarizes data on the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of volatile agents of plant origin and in vitro methods for evaluating their activity in the vapour phase. As a result of literature analysis, the antimicrobial efficacy of vapours from 122 different plant species and 19 pure compounds examined in 61 studies using different in vitro tests against a broad spectrum of microorganisms was identified and summarized. In addition, 11 different techniques found in the literature are described in detail. An original classification of methods based on the solid and liquid matrix volatilization principle is proposed because carrier medium/matrix selection is crucial for the volatilization of any agents tested. This review should be useful for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural experts working in areas related to the management of infectious diseases (especially respiratory and skin infections), food preservation (active packaging), and protection of agriculture products (controlled atmosphere). It may also stimulate the interest of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agriculture industries in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents of natural origin. Since several original apparatuses previously developed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the vapour phase are described in this review, labware manufacturers may also be interested in this topic. The review also provides specific guidelines and recommendations for researchers studying the antimicrobial activity of volatile agents. The article will therefore appeal to communities of industrial stakeholders, pharmacists, physicians, food experts, agriculturists, and researchers in related areas such as pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, natural product chemistry, food preservation and plant protection.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * MeSH
- konzervace potravin MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Head-space solid phase microextration (SPME), followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS), has been implemented for the analysis of honey volatiles, with emphasis on the optimal selection of SPME fibre and the first- and second-dimension GC capillaries. From seven SPME fibres investigated, a divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) 50/30 microm fibre provided the best sorption capacity and the broadest range of volatiles extracted from the headspace of a mixed honey sample. A combination of DB-5ms x SUPELCOWAX 10 columns enabled the best resolution of sample components compared to the other two tested column configurations. Employing this powerful analytical strategy led to the identification of 164 volatile compounds present in a honey mixture during a 19-min GC run. Combination of this simple and inexpensive SPME-based sampling/concentration technique with the advanced separation/identification approach represented by GCxGC-TOFMS allows a rapid and comprehensive examination of the honey volatiles profile. In this way, the laboratory sample throughput can be increased significantly and, at the same time, the risk of erroneous identification, which cannot be avoided in one-dimensional GC separation, is minimised.
Differences in the effect of volatile and gaseous metabolites of germinating pea seeds on the germination of spores of Mucor racemosus and macroconidia of Fusarium oxysporum are described. Germination of spores of M. racemosus was inhibited by seed metabolites whereas germination of macroconidia of F. oxysporum was stimulated during the first two days and inhibition occurred only after further two days of germination of the seeds. A pronounced inhibition of germination of spores of both micromycetes took place due to absorption of CO2 from volatile and gaseous metabolites. Absorption of some components of seed metabolites in a KMnO4 solution led to a decrease of the inhibitory effect on germination of spores of M. racemosus and stimulatory effect on germination of macroconidia of F. oxysporum.
- MeSH
- absorpce MeSH
- chemická deprese MeSH
- Fabaceae metabolismus MeSH
- Fusarium fyziologie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- Mucor fyziologie MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- semena rostlinná metabolismus MeSH
- spory hub fyziologie MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Essential oil components (EOCs) are known for their antifungal properties; however, their high volatility limits their application as antimicrobial agents. Strategies used for controlling the volatility of EOCs include encapsulation or loading into porous materials. This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of selected EOCs (carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and thymol) against the fungus Aspergillus niger when loaded into MCM-41 and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). RESULTS: Carvacrol and thymol in Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 (MCM-41) displayed remarkable enhanced antifungal properties in comparison to the pure or β-CD-encapsulated EOCs. In fact, carvacrol and thymol were able to maintain antifungal activity and inhibit fungal growth for 30 days, suggesting better applicability of these EOCs as natural preservatives. CONCLUSIONS: The sustained antifungal effect of EOCs encapsulated into silica mesoporous supports was described.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Aspergillus niger účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- beta-cyklodextriny MeSH
- cinnamáty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- konzervace potravin metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monoterpeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oxid křemičitý MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- potravinářské konzervační látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
