• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kriminologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oběti zločinu MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• strach MeSH
• zločin MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Článek pojednává o specifičnosti psychického traumatu, které prožívá oběť znásilnění nebo jiného sexuálního útoku. Určujeme definici a vyjmenováváme projevy primární viktimizace. Podrobně se zabýváme problematikou příčin vyvolávajících a ovlivňujících sekundární viktimizaci. Na kazuistickém příkladu názorně ukazujeme jednotlivé faktory ovlivňující vznik, rozvoj a intenzitu posttraumatické stresové poruchy u znásilněné dívky a z toho vyplývající důsledky. Zamýšlíme se nad možnostmi zmírnění projevů sekundární viktimizace v rámci lékařské praxe, ale i orgánů činných v trestním řízení.

The paper deals with the difference of the psychic trauma experienced by a victim of rape or other sexual assault. The definition is provided and the manifestations of primary victimization are listed. The causes resulting in and affecting secondary victimization are dealt with in detail. A case report demonstrates the individual factors affecting the development, progression and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder in a girl rape victim and the resulting consequences. The options of reducing the manifestations of secondary victimization within the medical practice as well as law enforcement authorities are discussed. behaviour.

• Klíčová slova
• primární viktimizace, sekundární viktimizace, previktimní osobnost, previktimní chování,
• MeSH
• důvěrnost informací etika   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí psychologie   MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• znásilnění psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• domácí násilí psychologie   MeSH
• násilí klasifikace   psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální delikty psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální obtěžování psychologie   MeSH
• znásilnění psychologie   MeSH
• zneužívané dítě psychologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Psychologie
• NLK Obory
• psychologie, klinická psychologie
• právo, zákonodárství
• sexuologie

BACKGROUND: Past research has shown that peer victimization by bullying is associated with peer rejection and fear of victimization, but little is known about the interplay between victimization and other characteristics in the prediction of these experiences. We assume that the associations between victimization and peer rejection/fear of victimization are moderated by multiple characteristics, including aspects of peer ecology. AIMS: The study tested whether the links between victimization and peer rejection/fear of victimization are moderated by gender, peer support, and two features of classroom peer ecology: classroom victimization rate and classroom hierarchy (the variability of popularity among students). SAMPLE: The sample included 512 early adolescents attending sixth grade retrieved from 25 elementary school classrooms. METHODS: Participants completed a set of self-report and peer nomination instruments in classroom settings. RESULTS: Multilevel linear modelling showed that higher levels of peer rejection were associated with higher victimization, male gender, and lower peer support. The association between victimization and peer rejection was attenuated for females and when the classroom victimization rate was higher. A higher fear of victimization was related to higher victimization, female gender, lower peer support, and a higher classroom victimization rate. The link between victimization and fear of victimization was strengthened by female gender and higher levels of classroom hierarchy. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate the relevance of the interplay between victimization and gender and between victimization and classroom peer ecology in understanding peer rejection and fear of victimization.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• odmítání (psychologie) * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• sociální opora * MeSH
• strach psychologie   MeSH
• vyrovnaná skupina * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite the implementation of antibullying policies, schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) witnessed an increase in bullying prevalence. The aim of our study was to assess bullying victimization in schools in the UAE, types of bullying, and factors and outcomes related to bullying behavior. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in randomly selected private and public schools in Al Ain City. A structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from students in grades 6-8 (Ages 10-15). We adapted the US CDC 'Bully Survey' for cultural relevance in the UAE through feedback from focus group meetings with teachers. Data analysis, conducted using R software, involved stratified analysis by school type and utilized Chi-Squared and Fisher's exact tests to identify factors associated with school bullying. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 723 students of whom 68% were males, and 58% were Emirati nationals. The overall prevalence of bullying victimization in schools was 37%, with 40% in private schools and 35% in public schools. Cyberbullying was more prevalent in private schools (37%). Physical bullying was reported by 20% and verbal bullying by 12%, with a higher prevalence of physical bullying in private schools (24%) and among males (23%). The study's findings showed significant emotional and academic impacts of bullying, including feelings of sadness and learning difficulties, contributing to a rise in school absenteeism. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals widespread bullying victimization in UAE schools, mainly in classrooms, with group exclusion and verbal abuse as key forms. It underscores bullying's psychological impact and the greater awareness of parents compared to teachers. The effective intervention strategies should not only involve students, teachers, and school staff, but also actively engage parents by fostering stronger communication channels between schools and families, and providing parents with resources and training to recognize and address bullying. These strategies should aim to create a cohesive network involving the entire school community, thus fostering a safer and more inclusive environment for students. The findings stress the need for inclusive antibullying programs involving the entire school community to foster a safer environment.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• šikana * statistika a číselné údaje   psychologie   MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• studenti psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené arabské emiráty MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• viktimizace,
• MeSH
• duševně nemocní MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí * MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
• psychotické poruchy * komplikace   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Online hatred based on attributes, such as origin, race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, has become a rising public concern across the world. Past research on aggressive behavior suggests strong associations between victimization and perpetration and that toxic online disinhibition and sex might influence this relationship. However, no study investigated both the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration and the potential moderation effects of toxic online disinhibition on this relationship. To this end, the present study was conducted. The sample consists of 1,480 7th to 10th graders from Germany. Results revealed positive associations between online hate victimization and perpetration. Furthermore, the results support the idea that toxic online disinhibition and sex, by way of moderator effects, affect the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration. Victims of online hate reported more online hate perpetration when they reported higher levels of online disinhibition and less frequent online hate perpetration when they reported lower levels of toxic online disinhibition. Additionally, the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration was significantly greater among boys than among girls. Taken together, our results extend previous findings to online hate involvement among adolescents and substantiate the importance to conduct more research on online hate. In addition, our findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs that help adolescents deal with the emerging issue of online hate.

• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• inhibice (psychologie) * MeSH
• internet MeSH
• kyberšikana psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nenávist * MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální chování psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH

Lidé trpící závažným psychickým onemocněním jsou ohroženi zvýšeným rizikem výskytu různých forem násilné viktimizace, především domácího či sexuálního násilí. Viktimizace negativně ovlivňuje projevy duševního onemocnění a kvalitu života pacientů. Jen málokdy pacienti informují svého terapeuta o tom, že se stali obětí násilí. Tento článek navazuje na článek Viktimizace pacientů s psychotickým onemocněním (I.) a zabývá se viktimizací pacientů se závažným psychickým onemocněním. Výskyt viktimizace u pacientů se SMI se pohybuje v rozmezí od 22,5 do 71,2 %. Tato rozpětí jsou široká. Hlavními důvody jsou podle našeho názoru: I) nepřesnosti v definici viktimizace, II) heterogenita zkoumaných souborů a III) reportování viktimizace za různá časová období. Více než čtvrtina pacientů se SMI (vážený průměr 27,9 %) byla během 12 měsíců obětí násilné viktimizace. I když komorbidní PTSD se vyskytuje u 15-43 % pacientů, diagnostikována je jen výjimečně. Pro studium prevalence viktimizace je důležitá shoda na definování tohoto pojmu. Bez této shody jsou rozpětí viktimizace v různých článcích poměrně široká. Pro další zkoumání viktimizace je podstatné ji jednotným způsobem definovat, zmapovat společný výskyt viktimizace, násilí, agrese a autoagresivních projevů a detailněji zkoumat jejich vzájemný vztah. Důležitým úkolem je zlepšení diagnostiky komorbidity psychotických poruch a viktimizace a jejích důsledků, protože otevírá dostupnou a známou cestu ke zlepšení prognózy onemocnění.

People suffering from serious mental illness are at increased risk of various forms ofviolent victimisation, especially domestic or sexual violence. Victimisation negatively affects the manifestations of mental illness and the quality of life of patients. Patients rarely inform their therapist that they have been victims of violence. This article is a follow-up to the article Victimization of patients with psychotic illness (I.) and deals with the victimization of patients with serious mental illness. The prevalence of victimization in patients with SMI ranges from 22.5 to 71.2%. These ranges are wide. The main reasons, in our opinion, are (I) inaccuracies in the definition of victimization, (II) heterogeneity of the study cohorts, and (III) reporting of victimization over different time periods. More than a quarter of SMI patients (weighted mean 27.9%) were victims of violent victimization during the 12 months. Although co-morbid PTSD occurs in 15-43% of patients, it is rarely diagnosed. Consensus on the definition of this term is important for studying the prevalence of victimization. Without this consensus, the ranges of victimization across articles are quite wide. To further explore victimization, it is essential to define it in a consistent way, to map the co-occurrence of victimization, violence, aggression and self-aggression, and to examine their interrelationships in more detail. Improving the diagnosis of comorbidity of psychotic disorders and victimization and its consequences is an important task, as it opens an accessible and

• MeSH
• domácí násilí MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• psychotické poruchy * MeSH
• sexuální delikty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Aim: Research on the health consequences of violent victimization of people with disabilities is lacking. This study aims to identify the factors that are associated with physical and mental health impacts of anti-disability bias victimization. Methods: The study drew on a unique sample of 331 self-identified people with disabilities, all over the age of 15, residing in Czechia. From this sample, 47 questionnaires were excluded. The respondents were asked about the most serious incident of anti-disability bias victimization in the last five years. A series of bivariate binary logistic regressions were performed - with the consequences of this incident as outcomes (mental health and physical health). Results: 90 respondents (32%) reported experiencing the most serious incident of bias victimization in the last five years. 60% of victims reported anxiety and sadness, and 28% deterioration in physical health. The results suggest that victims experience physical and mental health consequences unequally. Age, perceived disability in specific areas, visibility of disability, presence of multiple disabilities, and number of offenders are associated with the experience of physical health deterioration. Education, perceived disability in specific areas, and visibility of disability are associated with the experience of mental health impacts. Conclusion: Certain groups of people with disabilities who experience victimization report poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This differential experience should be considered in immediate responses and prevention programs.

• MeSH
• duševní zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• násilí psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• postižení * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• předsudek * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sociální problémy psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdraví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents' perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 11-15, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents' coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kyberšikana * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH