Human migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception-warmth and competence-on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.

• MeSH
• Bayes Theorem MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Judgment * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face anatomy & histology   MeSH
• Facial Recognition physiology   MeSH
• Social Perception * MeSH
• Stereotyping * MeSH
• Refugees psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Turkey MeSH

The largest obstacle in the promotion of biopesticides is the existence of counterfeit products available in the market. Identification and quantification of antagonistic organisms in biopesticide products are the key to the reduction of spurious microbial pesticides. In this study, we have developed a simple, sensitive, isothermal-based colourimetric assay for specific detection of Bacillus subtilis from the biopesticide formulations and soil samples. A region specific to B. subtilis which codes for shikimate dehydrogenase was identified through in silico analysis. We employed conventional PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and qPCR for specific detection of B. subtilis in soil samples and biopesticide formulations. Specificity tests showed that the PCR primers amplified an amplicon of 521 bp in four strains of B. subtilis only, and no amplification was found in negative control samples. Similarly, the LAMP assay showed sky blue colour in all four strains of B. subtilis and violet colour in negative control samples. Whereas in the RPA assay, upon the addition of SYBR Green dye, a bright green colour was seen in B. subtilis strains, while a brick-red colour was observed in negative control samples by visualizing under a UV transilluminator. The qPCR assay showed specific amplifications with a Ct value of 12 for B. subtilis strains and no amplification in negative control samples. In the sensitivity test, PCR could amplify DNA of B. subtilis up to 500 pg/μL. DNA concentration as low as 10 pg/μL was enough to show the colour change in the LAMP as well as the RPA assays, whereas the qPCR assay showed sensitivity till 100 pg/μL. All four diagnostic assays developed in the study have been validated in soil samples and B. subtilis-based biopesticides. Compared to conventional PCR, the qPCR assay has the advantage of quantification and visualizing the result in real-time, whereas LAMP and RPA assays have the benefits of being colourimetric and less time-consuming. The other advantages are that the results can be visualized with the naked eye, and these assays do not require a costly thermal cycler and gel documentation system. Hence, LAMP and RPA assays are highly suitable for developing point-of-need diagnostic kits and, in turn, help regulators assess the quality of biopesticides in the market.

• MeSH
• Alcohol Oxidoreductases * genetics   MeSH
• Bacillus subtilis * genetics   isolation & purification   enzymology   MeSH
• Bacterial Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Molecular Diagnostic Techniques * methods   MeSH
• Colorimetry * methods   MeSH
• Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Soil Microbiology MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques * methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Volné laloky jsou dnes zlatým standardem pro rekonstrukci onkologických defektů hlavy a krku. Lokální laloky mají díky své barvě a struktuře nezastupitelnou úlohu při rekonstrukci menších defektů, defektů nosu, očních víček a uší. Regionální stopkované laloky se obvykle používají při rekonstrukci hlavy a krku jako laloky druhé volby. Rutinně používané lokální laloky jsou V-Y posuvný lalok, transpoziční lalok, rotační lalok a jeho forma Bilobed flap. Z regionálních laloků se nejčastěji používají submentální lalok, supraklavikulární lalok, infrahyoidní myokutánní lalok, FAMM flap, stopkovaný pektorální lalok, stopkovaný lalok svalu latissimus dorsi, trapézový myokutánní lalok a paramediánní lalok čela. Lokální a regionální laloky by měly být zvažovány za primární metodu rekonstrukce hlavy a krku u pacientů s přidruženými komorbiditami, s deplecí cév na krku nebo je lze použít v kombinaci s volnými laloky či jako záchrannou rekonstrukci po selhání volného laloku. Stejně tak je lze užít jako záchrannou rekonstrukci v důsledku recidivy onkologického onemocnění. Stále však patří k základnímu vybavení chirurga hlavy a krku.

Free flaps are now the gold standard for reconstruction of oncological defects of the head and neck. Local flaps have an irreplaceable role due to their colour and texture in the reconstruction of smaller defects, and defects of the nose, eyelids, and ears. Regional pedicled flaps are usually used in head and neck reconstruction as second choice flaps. Routinely used local flaps are V-Y advancement flap, transposition flap, rotation flap, and its form bilobed flap. Of the regional flaps, the most commonly used are the submental flap, supraclavicular flap, infrahyoid myocutaneous flap, facial artery musculomucosal flap (FAMM), pedicled pectoralis major flap, pedicled latissimus dorsi flap, trapezius myocutaneous flap, and paramedian forehead flap. Local and regional flaps should be considered as a primary method of head and neck reconstruction in patients with associated comorbidities and neck vascular depletion or they can be used in combination with free flaps or as salvage reconstruction following free flap failure. Similarly, they can be used as a salvage reconstruction due to recurrence of oncological dis ease. However, they still belong to the basic armentarium of the head and neck surgeon,

• MeSH
• Surgical Flaps * surgery   classification   transplantation   MeSH
• Head surgery   MeSH
• Neck surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures * methods   MeSH
• Free Tissue Flaps surgery   classification   transplantation   MeSH
• Plastic Surgery Procedures methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lung lesions, often discovered incidentally on chest CT, pose a diagnostic challenge due to their diverse etiology, including both benign and malignant nature. A key step in the assessment of these lesions is the evaluation of their morphological features in the CT image, size, and behavior over time. Nodules are divided into solid and subsolid according to their density. When surgical resection is necessary, solid lesions are palpable peroperatively, whereas subsolid lesions may be unidentifiable by palpation, and their precise localization is difficult. To spare patients from extensive surgery such as thoracotomy, it is advantageous to use one of the methods of preoperative marking of these lesions. Best practices include marking with mixtures containing patent blue and contrast agents, applied under CT guidance. This method allows accurate visualization of the localization of the lesion, which facilitates their resection by minimally invasive video-assisted surgery (VATS). CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old female patient was found to have a subsolid lesion in the right lung during a routine follow-up CT scan of the lung for a history of malignant melanoma. The lesion was followed for 4 years and showed slow size progression and change from a pure ground glass nodule to a subsolid nodule. Due to the persistence of the nodule, change in morphology, and size progression, the patient was indicated for surgical resection. Using preoperative labeling with a mixture of blue dye and contrast agent, the nodule was successfully located and sublobary VATS resected. CONCLUSION: The color marking allowed accurate identification of the subpleurally located lesion, which would otherwise have been unvisualized and intangible, thus minimizing the need for more extensive surgery. This case highlights the key role of color marking in increasing resection success and surgical safety, particularly in small and subsolid nodules.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

While the use of food additives is common manufacturing practice, the levels used in food have to be compliant with the prescribed legislation. For fast control of present levels of food additives in products, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole linear ion trap (QTRAP) mass analyser was applied to develop a method for the simultaneous determination of 41 frequently added food additives and flavourings, including 16 water-soluble colourants, 14 illegal dyes, 7 sweeteners, 2 preservatives, and 2 purine alkaloids. The method was validated using energy drink, chilli powder, condiment, and jelly sweets as food sample matrices. The average recovery values were in the range of 70‒120%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 10% for the majority of the analytes. The validated method was applied for the analysis of 134 samples from the Czech market.

• MeSH
• Food Analysis * methods   MeSH
• Flavoring Agents analysis   MeSH
• Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MeSH
• Food Contamination * analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Beverages * analysis   MeSH
• Food Additives * analysis   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods   MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Text popisuje čtyři autoinflamatorní choroby s manifestací až ve věku dospělém. Všechny mají symptomy, které připomínají hemoblastózy, a tak se pacienti často objevují v hematologických ambulancích. Pro syndrom Schnitzlerové jsou charakteristické autoinflamatorní symptomy v kombinaci s monoklonálním imunoglobulinem (hlavně typu IgM). Zánětlivé projevy postihují kůži (chronická urtika), způsobují změny laboratorních hodnot a bolesti kostí a kloubů. Pacienti přicházejí k lékaři s kožními projevy typu chronické urtiky či Sweetova syndromu. Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) je autoinflamatorní onemocnění s vysokými nočními horečkami, které jsou hlavním znakem nemoci. Provází jej kloubní záněty a kožní změny typu kožní vyrážky lososovité barvy, bolesti v krku a lymfadenopatie. VEXAS syndrom je monogenní autoinflamatorní choroba s první manifestací v dospělosti. Je způsobena somatickou mutací genu UBA1 v hemopoetických progenitorových buňkách. Tato nemoc poškozuje četné orgány, způsobuje kožní změny, plicní alveolitidy, vaskulitidy a vede k selhání kostní dřeně pod obrazem myelodysplastického syndromu. SAPHO syndrom je charakteristický kombinací osteitidy, osteolytických kostních destrukcí, osteoartikulárními změnami a kožními projevy. SAPHO syndrom indukuje zánětlivé kostní změny (jak osteolytické, tak hyperostototické) a způsobuje bolesti kloubů (synovitis). Kožními projevy jsou akné a pustulózy. Z uvedených čtyř chorob manifestujících se v dospělosti má pouze VEXAS syndrom diagnostickou UBA1 mutaci, pro stanovení diagnóz dalších tří nemocí jsou používána mezinárodní kritéria. V textu jsou diskutovány nejnovější diagnostické a léčebné možnosti.

This paper described four autoinflammatory disorders that manifest in adulthood. All of them have certain symptoms that resemble haematological malignancies. These disorders are a fascinating combination of inflammation, haematologic abnormalities, and clinical complexity. Schnitzler syndrome is characterized by a combination of monoclonal gammopathy (specifically IgM gammopathy) and autoinflammatory symptoms. Patients experience systemic inflammation affecting the skin, and bone pain. Various clinical diagnoses, including Sweet syndrome, urticaria, may be suspected. Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder with persistent high fever, joint inflammation, salmon-coloured rash, fatigue, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. VEXAS syndrome is a monogenic disease of adulthood. It results from somatic mutations in UBA1 within haematopoietic progenitor cells. Patients develop inflammatory symptoms affecting various organs, including the skin, lungs, blood vessels, and cartilage. Myeloid-driven autoinflammation and progressive bone marrow failure contribute to its substantial morbidity and mortality. SAPHO syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a combination of osteitis, osteolytic bone destruction as well as osteoarticular and dermatologic features. SAPHO syndrome induces inflammatory bone lesions (osteolytic or hyperostosis) and joint pain (synovitis). Skin manifestations include acne and pustulosis. Only VEXAS syndrome carries a diagnostic UBA1 mutation, the other three entities require international diagnostic criteria. The latest diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed in this review.

• Keywords
• VEXAS syndrom,
• MeSH
• Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein therapeutic use   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Immune System Diseases * diagnostic imaging   drug therapy   classification   pathology   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Still's Disease, Adult-Onset diagnosis   drug therapy   physiopathology   pathology   MeSH
• Schnitzler Syndrome history   diagnostic imaging   drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Acquired Hyperostosis Syndrome diagnostic imaging   drug therapy   pathology   MeSH
• Health Information Systems MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

We aimed to describe facial directional asymmetry (DA) in individuals with different manifestations of laterality. Due to the overlap between brain and face development, a relationship between the manifestation of brain laterality and DA is hypothesised. These findings could clarify the relationship between the brain and facial phenotype and help to plan facial or oral motor rehabilitation. The DA of 163 healthy individuals was assessed by two complementary 3D methods: landmark and polygonal surface analysis using colour-coded maps. Handedness was assessed using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, while chewing side and eye preferences were self-reported. The results showed a similar DA pattern regardless of sex and laterality (the right-sided protrusion of the forehead, nose, lips, and chin) and a slightly curved C-shape of the midline in landmark analysis. A relationship between lateralized behaviours and DA was found only in males, in females the DA pattern was more homogenous. Right-handed individuals and right-side chewers showed a protrusion of the right hemiface. Males, left-handed and left-side chewers, manifested a protrusion of the left lateral hemiface. We suggest that these specific differences in males may be due to their typically higher level of brain asymmetry. No apparent relationship was found between eyedness and DA.

• MeSH
• Facial Asymmetry * physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Functional Laterality * physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face physiology   MeSH
• Mastication * physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most commonly diagnosed mitochondrial disorder, resulting in colour vision abnormalities and rapid but painless deterioration of central vision. While numerous studies have assessed the impact of LHON on the quality of life (QoL) of LHON patients, the financial impact of the disease remains unexplored. This study attempts to calculate both the direct non-medical costs and the indirect costs associated with productivity losses experienced by people with LHON and their unpaid caregivers in Slovenia, in addition to assessing their QoL. Due to the rarity of the disease, the study involved a small sample size, which is important to note for interpreting the results. METHODS: The analysis was conducted on nine adult participants diagnosed with LHON, representing one-third of the total number of known Slovenian patients with this condition. To thoroughly assess the economic and social impact of LHON, tailored questionnaires were designed to collect information on demographics, socioeconomic status, LHON severity, and associated non-medical and indirect costs. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 48.8 years (SD 13.3; n = 9). The annual productivity loss attributable to LHON, taking both absenteeism and relative presenteeism into account, was calculated to be EUR 11,608 per person affected. The mean VFQ-25 score, a measure of vision-related quality of life, for adult LHON patients was 30.4 (SD 12.9). CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the significant economic and social burden of LHON on patients and their families. Ensuring prompt, accurate diagnosis, access to treatment, financial support, and psychological counselling and services are critical to helping individuals cope with and mitigate the profound challenges of vision loss and living with LHON.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Quality of Life * MeSH
• Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber * economics   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cost of Illness MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovenia MeSH

Úvod: Syndrom chronické pánevní bolesti (CPPS) je časté onemocnění u žen. Kategorizace stavu je určena příčinou bolesti. Organická bolest doprovází konkrétní onemocnění a zmírňuje se hlavně tím, že se řeší hlavní příčina základní poruchy. Bolest neznámého původu, inaparentní, je zřídka adekvátně zvládnuta. Syndrom myofasciální bolesti pánevního dna je často prezentován jejími různými formami. Frekvence CPPS se odhaduje u přibližně 10 % ženské populace. Myofasciální spoušťové body jsou často identifikovány jako zdroj bolesti. Je to zvláštní forma ischemické lokální svalové bolesti spojené s přenesenou, transferovanou bolestí, která způsobuje, že migruje do odlišné oblasti. Spouštěcí body se liší od klasického vzorce bolesti, často postrádají schopnost hojení a mají tendenci přejít do stavu persistující bolesti. Patofyziologie: Náš přehled se zaměřuje na aktuální teorie týkající se patofyziologie spouštěcích bodů, zejména na hypotézu zahrnující excesivní uvolňování acetylcholinu. Diagnóza: Primárně je založena na různých palpačních technikách. Význam klademe na instrumentální metody jako je elektromyografie, ultrasonografie, USG barevné mapování a elastografie. Terapie: Je zaměřena na eliminaci spouštěcích bodů pomocí různých technik. Používá se metoda suché jehly, aplikace anestetik či antiflogistik. Naší pozornosti neušla velmi oblíbená aplikace botoxu. Jako další se též užívají některé fyzikální techniky včetně elektrografie, laserové aplikace, ultrazvuk a magnetoterapie. Zvláštní pozornost by měla být věnována vhodné aplikaci slibné terapie rázovou vlnou. Diskuze: Myofasciální spouštěcí body se staly oblastí značného zájmu. V tomto sdělení diskutujeme patofyziologii, diagnostiku a léčbu. Zdůrazňujeme potenciální překážky týkající se interpretace, trvání a chronicity bolesti obecně a pánevního dna zvláště.

Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common disorder in women. The categorisation of the condition is determined by the cause of the pain. Organic pain accompanies a particular disease and is mainly alleviated by addressing the root cause of the underlying disorder. Pain of unknown origin, inapparent, is seldom resolved or adequately managed. Myofascial pain syndrome in the pelvic floor is often linked to different forms of pain. The frequency of CPPS is estimated to be approximately 10% of the female population. Myofascial trigger points are often identified as a source of pain. It is a particular form of ischaemic local muscle pain associated with referred pain, which causes it to migrate to a distinct region. Trigger points differ from a classical pain pattern and have difficulty healing. They often lack healing capability and tend to transition into a state of more persistent pain. Pathophysiology: Our review focuses on recent theories regarding the pathophysiology of trigger points, particularly the hypothesis involving excessive acetylcholine release. Diagnosis: Is based on different palpation techniques. We emphasize instrumental methods such as electromyography, ultrasonography, colour flow mapping and elastography. Therapy: Is focused on eliminating trigger points through the use of different techniques. Dry needling, wet needling, anesthetic, and antiflogistic applications are frequently employed. The highly popular use of Botox has not escaped our attention. Moreover, implementing physical techniques, including electrography, laser application, ultrasound and magnetotherapy, is also useful. Special attention should be paid to properly applying promising shock wave therapy. Discussion: Myofascial trigger points have become an area of considerable interest. In this brief note, we discuss pathophysiology, diagnostics and treatment. We highlight potential hindrances concerning the interpretation, duration and chronicity of pain.