Cílem studie bylo zmapovat vliv průměru a délky implantátu na napětí v kosti v okolí zatížených dentálních nitrokostních implantátů. Výpočet jsme provedli metodou konečných prvků z počítačových 3D modelů jednotlivých velikostních modifikací pro ideálně zavedený válcový implantát. Pro studii jsme zvolili tyto velikosti: při průměru 3,6 mm délky 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17 a 18 mm a při délce 12 mm průměry 2,9 mm, 3,6 mm, 4,2 mm, 5,0 mm, 5,5 mm, 6,0 mm a 6,5 mm. Implantáty jsme zatěžovali silou 17,1 N ve směru vestibulo-orálním, 114,6 N ve směru kranio-kaudálním a 23,4 N ve směru disto-mesiálním. Hodnoty vypočtené pro jednotlivé velikostní varianty implantátů jsme navzájem porovnali. Jako referenční (100 %) jsme zvolili délku 12 mm a průměr 3,6 mm. Výsledky jsme uspořádali do grafů, ze kterých vyplývá, že pozitivní vliv na rozklad působící síly a na snížení nebezpečných deformačních maxim má spíše průměr implantátu než jeho délka.

Summary: The aim of the study was to determine the influence of length and diameter on stress distribution in bone around loaded dental intraosseal implants. The computation was made by the FEA method using the 3D models of implant size modifications. For the study of the length factor, the diameter of 3.6 mm and lengths of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 18 mm were calculated. The factor of diameter was modeled by 12 mm long implant with diameters of 2.9 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.2 mm, 5.0 mm, 5.5 mm, 6.0 mm and 6.5 mm. Implants were vertically inserted in the bone. All models were loaded by forces of 17.1 N, 114.6 N and 23.4 N, in vestibulo-oral direction, axial direction and disto-mesial direction, respectively. Values calculated for all size variety were adjusted in graphs. Implant size – length 12 mm, diameter 3,6 mm – was taken as a reference =100%. From graphs results, that the implant diameter has positive effect for stress distribution. The implant length has not so effective influence.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• endoseální implantace zubů MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• remodelace kosti MeSH
• zubní implantáty MeSH
• žvýkání MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs but is also transmissible to humans, with potentially fatal consequences. Among 29 serotypes currently recognized, some are clinically and epidemiologically more important than others. This is particularly true for serotypes 2 and 14, which have a large impact on pig production and also on human health. Conventional PCR-based serotyping cannot distinguish between serotype 1/2 and serotype 2 or between serotype 1 and serotype 14. Although serotype 1/2 and serotype 2 have a very similar cps locus, they differ in a single-nucleotide substitution at nucleotide position 483 of the cpsK gene. Similarly, serotypes 1 and 14 have a very similar cps locus but also differ in the same nucleotide substitution of the cpsK gene. Fortunately, this cpsK 483G→C/T substitution can be detected by BstNI restriction endonuclease. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) detection method amplifying a fragment of the cpsK gene digested by BstNI restriction endonuclease was developed and tested in reference strains of these serotypes and also in field isolates.

• MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• séroskupina MeSH
• sérotypizace MeSH
• Streptococcus suis * genetika   MeSH
• streptokokové infekce * diagnóza   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• růst MeSH
• velikost těla MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH

• Konspekt
• Antropologie
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• pediatrie
• antropologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• publikace WHO

Cíl studie: Srovnání fetálních ultrazvukových biometrických parametrů hlavičky (obvod – HC, biparietální průměr – BPD) a stehenní kosti (délka femuru – FL) s ohledem na délku těhotenství a pohlaví plodu. Typ studie: Prospektivní studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, Ústav lékařské genetiky a fetální medicíny, Ústav preventivního lékařství LF Univerzity Palackého a FN, Olomouc. Metodika: Ultrazvuková biometrie byla prováděna v souladu s metodikou uvedenou v referenčních tabulkách. U všech plodů bylo změřeno HC, BPD a FL. Ze studie byla vyloučena riziková těhotenství, plody v poloze koncem pánevním a vícečetná těhotenství. Výsledky: Celkem bylo provedeno 427 ultrazvukových biometrií mezi 16.–38. týdnem těhotenství. Plody mužského pohlaví měly signifikantně větší obvod hlavičky (HC) i biparietální průměr (BPD) ve srovnání s plody ženského pohlaví a s délkou těhotenství rozdíl narůstal. V období do 20. týdne byl rozdíl (HC + 3,9 dne; 3,0 %, a BPD + 4,1; 3,2 %), mezi 20.–30. týdnem (HC + 6,8 dne; 4,3 %, a BPD + 6,9 ; 4,4 %) a po 30. týdnu (HC + 12,3 dne; 5,6 %, a BPD + 12,9; 5,9 %). V období do 20. týdne byl rozdíl mezi HC a FL u plodů mužského pohlaví + 2,1 dne (95%Cl 1,7–2,6; p <0,001), mezi 20.–30. týdnem + 3,4 dny (95%Cl 2,5–4,2; p <0,001) a po 30. týdnu + 9,7 dne (95%Cl 7,3–12,1; p <0,001). Závěr: Podle výsledků této studie mají plody mužského pohlaví signifikantně větší biparietální průměr i obvod hlavičky. Rozdíl je patrný již od 16. týdne těhotenství a narůstá s délkou gestace. Při nálezu diskrepance v ultrazvukové biometrii hlavičky plodu a délkou stehenní kosti by mělo být zohledněno i pohlaví plodu.

Objective: To compare female and male fetuses in terms of intrauterine ultrasound growth measurements (HC - head circumference, BPD - biparietal diameter, FL - femur lenght) depending on gestational age. Design: A prospective study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc. Methods: All ultrasound biometric measurements were performed according to the methodology published with the reference charts. Risk pregnancies, multiple pregnancies and breech presentations were excluded. Results: Fetal HC, BPD and FL were measured in 427 ultrasound examinations at 16 - 38 weeks. Male fetuses had significantly larger HC and BPD measurements compared to female fetuses and these differences increased with advancing gestation. In the 16 - 21 week scans estimated difference was (HC + 3.9 days, 3.0% and BPD + 4.1, 3.2%), during the 21 - 30 week scans (HC + 6.8 days, 4.3% and BPD + 6.9, 4.4%) and in the 31 - 38 week scans (HC + 12.3 days, 5.6% and BPD + 12.9, 5.9%) for males. Male fetuses had significantly larger HC compared to FL measurements. In the 16 - 21 week scans, estimated difference was + 2.1 days (95%Cl 1.7 - 2.6, P < 0.001), during the 21 - 30 week scans + 3.4 days (95%Cl 2.5 - 4.2, P < 0.001) and in the 31 - 38 week scans + 9.7 days (95%Cl 7.3 - 12.1, P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that male fetuses have significantly larger head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements compared to female fetuses. These prenatal sex-related differences are established by as early as 16 weeks of gestation and tend to increase with advancing gestational age. In the case of discrepancy finding between head (HC, BPD) and femur lenght (FL) measurements the fetal gender should be taken into account.

• MeSH
• biometrie metody   MeSH
• femur ultrastruktura   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• gestační stáří MeSH
• hlava ultrasonografie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plod MeSH
• pohlaví MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes has been evaluated as a potential biomarker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk in several studies, with conflicting findings. OBJECTIVE: We performed an analysis of genetic variants associated with leukocyte telomere length to assess the relationship between telomere length and RCC risk using Mendelian randomization, an approach unaffected by biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Genotypes from nine telomere length-associated variants for 10 784 cases and 20 406 cancer-free controls from six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RCC were aggregated into a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) predictive of leukocyte telomere length. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Odds ratios (ORs) relating the GRS and RCC risk were computed in individual GWAS datasets and combined by meta-analysis. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Longer genetically inferred telomere length was associated with an increased risk of RCC (OR=2.07 per predicted kilobase increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]:=1.70-2.53, p<0.0001). As a sensitivity analysis, we excluded two telomere length variants in linkage disequilibrium (R2>0.5) with GWAS-identified RCC risk variants (rs10936599 and rs9420907) from the telomere length GRS; despite this exclusion, a statistically significant association between the GRS and RCC risk persisted (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.36-2.21, p<0.0001). Exploratory analyses for individual histologic subtypes suggested comparable associations with the telomere length GRS for clear cell (N=5573, OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.50-2.49, p<0.0001), papillary (N=573, OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.01-3.81, p=0.046), and chromophobe RCC (N=203, OR=2.37, 95% CI=0.78-7.17, p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS: Our investigation adds to the growing body of evidence indicating some aspect of longer telomere length is important for RCC risk. PATIENT SUMMARY: Telomeres are segments of DNA at chromosome ends that maintain chromosomal stability. Our study investigated the relationship between genetic variants associated with telomere length and renal cell carcinoma risk. We found evidence suggesting individuals with inherited predisposition to longer telomere length are at increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.

• MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• homeostáza telomer * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk krev   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• leukocyty chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mendelovská randomizace MeSH
• nádory ledvin krev   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• telomery genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

A new large-volume metal reference standard has been developed. The intended use is for calibration of free-release radioactivity measurement systems and is made up of cast iron tubes placed inside a box of the size of a Euro-pallet (80 × 120 cm). The tubes contain certified activity concentrations of (60)Co (0.290 ± 0.006 Bq g(-1)) and (110m)Ag (3.05 ± 0.09 Bq g(-1)) (reference date: 30 September 2013). They were produced using centrifugal casting from a smelt into which (60)Co was first added and then one piece of neutron irradiated silver wire was progressively diluted. The iron castings were machined to the desirable dimensions. The final material consists of 12 iron tubes of 20 cm outer diameter, 17.6 cm inner diameter, 40 cm length/height and 245.9 kg total mass. This paper describes the reference standard and the process of determining the reference activity values.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• nakládání s odpady normy   MeSH
• radioaktivní odpad analýza   MeSH
• radioizotopy kobaltu analýza   MeSH
• referenční standardy MeSH
• stříbro analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

URA5-RFLP is one of the most widely used genotyping methods relating to Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii consensus genotype nomenclature. In order to identify a molecular type, this method uses a visual comparison of digested PCR products of tested and reference strains, therefore any anomaly in RFLP patterns of studied isolates makes recognition difficult or impossible. This report describes a strain of VNIV type showing an atypical URA5-RFLP pattern as well as a group of AD hybrids displaying the same anomaly. The atypical RFLP pattern is the result of a point mutation and emergence of a new restriction site. Emergence of the allele presenting a new banding pattern may lead to misidentification using the URA5-RFLP technique; the results of this study as well as the literature data may suggest the spread of the allele in the environment.

• MeSH
• Cryptococcus neoformans klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• geny hub genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mykologické určovací techniky MeSH
• orotátfosforibosyltransferasa genetika   MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

CONTEXT: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is found in a subset of obese individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine possible determinants of MHO related to the length of exposure to obesity, lifestyle factors, and dietary intake in adolescent boys. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment study. Participants and Main Measures: Of 313 boys age 13.0-17.9 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 97th percentile for age, two study cohorts were established based on two definitions of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Cohort 1 included 18 boys with at least three risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, dysglycemia) who were matched for age, weight, height, and BMI with 18 boys with MHO. Cohort 2 included 35 boys with at least two risk factors who were compared with 31 boys with MHO. MHO was defined by the absence of cardiometabolic risk factors (excluding waist). Data on lifestyle factors and BMI growth trajectories were compared (MHO vs MUO). RESULTS: Boys with MUO (Cohort 1) presented with an earlier onset (4.3 vs 9.1 y; P = .005) and a longer duration of obesity (11.2 vs 6.4 y; P = .003) compared with those with MHO in both group comparisons using different MUO definitions. We found an overall trend toward higher BMI z scores (significant from 3-7 y; P < .001) in metabolically unhealthy compared with their healthy counterparts (Cohort 1). Boys with MHO had higher carbohydrate intake (P < .001). No additional determinants of MHO were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cardiometabolic risk in boys is related to an earlier onset and a longer duration of obesity.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolicky zdravá obezita epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: To assess the benefit of 4D-CT angiography (4D-CTA) in determination and precise measurement of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in comparison to CTA. Possible relationship of measured occlusion lengths with recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis was analysed as a second objective. METHODS: Detailed evaluation of complete MCA occlusions in 80 patients before intravenous thrombolysis using temporal maximum intensity projection (tMIP) dataset, calculated from 4D-CTA and conventional single-phase CTA was performed. Further, manual measurement technique was compared to results of semiautomatic procedure (vessel analysis) as reference. Statistical analysis of correlation between MCA occlusion length and IVT efficacy (24 h recanalization rate according modified Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction criteria-mTIMI) was performed. RESULTS: The distal end of occlusion was identified in all patients using tMIP, but only in 48 patients (60%) using CTA. The manual measurement method was not statistically different and well correlated with reference tMIP-vessel analysis. (15.4 vs. 16.3 mm; p = 0.434; r = 97). In measurable occlusions by CTA, no significant difference was proved in manually measured lengths using tMIP and CTA (14.5 vs. 13.3 mm; p = 0.089). Favorable recanalization (mTIMI 2-3) was achieved in 37 patients (47%). Length of occlusion in M1 segment (p = 0.002) and M2 segment involvement (p = 0.017) were proved as independent negative predictors of recanalization. Using receiver operating characteristics analysis, the cutoff length of the M1 segment occlusion for favorable recanalization was found to be 12 mm. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of MCA occlusion assessment using tMIP datasets and benefit over conventional CTA were confirmed. The manual measurement method was proved as feasible and simple with good correlation to reference semiautomatic analysis. The significant correlation of the MCA occlusion length and early recanalization was found. The length of 12 mm was recognized as cut-off length for favorable recanalization.

• MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• čtyřrozměrná počítačová tomografie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibrinolytika aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• infarkt arteria cerebri media farmakoterapie   radiografie   MeSH
• injekce intravenózní MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• monitorování léčiv metody   MeSH
• mozková angiografie MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• tkáňový aktivátor plazminogenu aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• trombolytická terapie metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• kochlea anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• kochleární implantace MeSH
• kochleární implantáty MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• otorinolaryngologie