Social Cognition
Dotaz
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elektronický časopis
Topics in social psychology
1st ed. xvii, 508 s. : il., tab. ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- sociální percepce MeSH
- sociální psychologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sociální interakce
- NLK Obory
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
- sociologie
Sociální kognice je definována jako procesy a funkce, které člověku umožňují rozumět, vztahovat se a mít užitek ze světa mezilidských vztahů. Cílem naší práce bylo 1) vytvořit test, 2) v pilotní studii ověřit jeho vlastnosti a použitelnost u populace pacientů se schizofrenií. V pilotní studii byla vytvořena metoda označená jako Test sociální kognice, vycházející z původní hry E, Bakaláře (1976), která měří schopnost odhadu banálního, běžného myšlení druhých lidí, jako možného klíče k adaptaci a porozumění běžným sociálním situacím. Krátká dotazníková metoda obsahuje na základě výsledků pilotní studie 15 položek, každá položka má 4 vnucené volby, proband volí „jak by většina lidí odpovídala na tyto otázky". Test jsme použili při srovnávání změn u schizofrenních pacientů (N = 14) na počátku a konci 6týdenního stacionáře pro schizofrenní pacienty. Nebyla zjištěna očekávaná změna (nárůst výkonu) na konci oproti počátku docházky do stacionáře, zjištěna ale byla odlišnost výkonu schizofrenních pacientů oproti srovnávacímu souboru (N = 31). Autoři zvažují další vývoj testu - zvážení změn ve skórovaní, zkoumání ekologické validity a zavedení druhé, kvalitativní části testu, zaměřující se na průběh procesu myšlení během testu.
Social cognition is defined as processes and functions that enable to understand and to manage interpersonal relations. The goa l of our work was to 1) create a pertinent test; 2) verify its characteristics and potential use in schizophrenic patients. In the p ilot study we developed a method called Social Cognition Test, which was based on an original game by E. Bakalar (1976) that measures estimat ion of banal, common thinking of others as a possible key to adaptation and understanding of common social situations. A short ques - tionnaire method contains 15 items resulted from the pilot study. Each item has 4 possible choices. Respondent makes his choice of „What most people would choose regarding those questions“. We used the test to compare results in schizophrenic patients (N = 1 4) at the beginning and at the end of a 6-week outpatient day care clinic. Expected change (increased performance) was not found a t the end of stay at the outpatient day care clinic. Nevertheless, we found a different performance in schizophrenic patients in comp arison to controls (N = 31). Authors do plan further development of the test – possible changes in scoring, ecological validity examinati on and implementation of another, qualitative part of the test, concentrating on the process of thinking during the test.
- MeSH
- domovy s denní péčí MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- kognice fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- schizofrenie terapie MeSH
- sociální přizpůsobení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
Finding a cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been notoriously challenging for many decades. Therefore, the current focus is mainly on prevention, timely intervention, and slowing the progression in the earliest stages. A better understanding of underlying mechanisms at the beginning of the disease could aid in early diagnosis and intervention, including alleviating symptoms or slowing down the disease progression. Changes in social cognition and progressive parvalbumin (PV) interneuron dysfunction are among the earliest observable effects of AD. Various AD rodent models mimic these early alterations, but only a narrow field of study has considered their mutual relationship. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about PV interneuron dysfunction in AD and emphasize their importance in social cognition and memory. Next, we propose oxytocin (OT) as a potent modulator of PV interneurons and as a promising treatment for managing some of the early symptoms. We further discuss the supporting evidence on its beneficial effects on AD-related pathology. Clinical trials have employed the use of OT in various neuropsychiatric diseases with promising results, but little is known about its prospective impacts on AD. On the other hand, the modulatory effects of OT in specific structures and local circuits need to be clarified in future studies. This review highlights the connection between PV interneurons and social cognition impairment in the early stages of AD and considers OT as a promising therapeutic agent for addressing these early deficits.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * patologie MeSH
- hipokampus patologie MeSH
- interneurony MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- oxytocin MeSH
- parvalbuminy metabolismus MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sociální kognice MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
1st ed. 346 s.
Social cognition is a set of mental skills necessary to create satisfactory interpersonal relationships and feel a sense of belonging to a social group. Its deficits significantly reduce the quality of life in people with epilepsy. Studies on social cognition and its impairments focus predominantly on people with focal epilepsies. Idiopathic generalised epilepsies are a group of diseases that share similar clinical, prognostic and electrographic characteristics. Despite their typically normal intelligence, people with Idiopathic generalised epilepsies can suffer from learning disabilities and executive dysfunctions. Current studies also suggest social cognition impairments, but their results are inconsistent. This review offers the latest knowledge of social cognition in adults with Idiopathic generalised epilepsies. In addition, we provide an overview of the most frequently used assessment methods. We explain possible reasons for different outcomes and discuss future research perspectives.
- MeSH
- epilepsie generalizovaná * psychologie patofyziologie MeSH
- exekutivní funkce fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sociální kognice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
For a long time, cervical dystonia (CD) has been characterised only by disturbances in motor functioning. Despite accumulating evidence for symptomatology in various non-motor domains, to date no study has investigated social cognition in CD. The aim of this study was to compare performance of CD patients and healthy controls in neurocognitive and socio-cognitive domain. Twenty-five non-depressed patients with CD and 26 healthy controls underwent neuropsychological testing. This involved assessment of cognitive status (general intellect, verbal memory, and executive function), and socio-cognitive functions using a Theory of mind task and self-report on empathy and emotion regulation. In comparison to controls, CD patients displayed significantly decreased cognitive abilities, particularly in executive function and verbal memory tasks. Difficulties in inferring mental states on both cognitive and affective levels were also observed. The largest discrepancies were detected in understanding intentionality in others. Poorer performance in cognitive and socio-cognitive tasks was unrelated to severity of the disease. This is the first evidence of compromised socio-cognitive functions in CD patients, highlighting this domain as another facet of non-motor symptoms of this disease. Future studies should advance our understanding of the extent, nature, and time course of these deficits in other aspects of social cognition in this patient population.
- MeSH
- empatie MeSH
- kognice * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- sociální percepce * MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- teorie mysli MeSH
- tortikolis farmakoterapie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
