Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) is an enzyme widely used in the food industry because it creates cross-links between proteins, enhancing the texture and stability of food products. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool for modifying the functional characteristics of proteins, significantly impacting the quality and innovation of food products. In this study, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the fermentation conditions for microbial transglutaminase production by the strain Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum KKP 1658. The effects of nitrogen dose, cultivation time, and initial pH on the activity of the produced transglutaminase were investigated. The significance of the examined factors was determined as follows: cultivation time > nitrogen dose > pH. The interaction between nitrogen dose and cultivation time was found to be crucial, having the second most significant impact on transglutaminase activity. Optimal conditions were identified as 48 h of cultivation with a 2% nitrogen source dose and an initial medium pH of approximately 6.0. Under these conditions, transglutaminase activity ranged from 4.5 to 5.5 U/mL. The results of this study demonstrated that response surface methodology is a promising approach for optimizing microbial transglutaminase production. Future applications of transglutaminase include the development of modern food products with improved texture and nutritional value, as well as its potential use in regenerative medicine for creating biomaterials and tissue scaffolds. This topic is particularly important and timely as it addresses the growing demand for innovative and sustainable solutions in the food and biomedical industries, contributing to an improved quality of life.

• MeSH
• dusík * metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace * MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média * chemie   MeSH
• transglutaminasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A Mycobacterium smegmatis transcriptional regulator, MSMEG_5850, and its ortholog in M. tuberculosis, rv0775 were annotated as putative TetR Family Transcriptional Regulators. Our previous study revealed MSMEG_5850 is involved in global transcriptional regulation in M. smegmatis and the presence of gene product supported the survival of bacteria during nutritional starvation. Phylogenetic analysis showed that MSMEG_5850 diverged early in comparison to its counterparts in virulent strains. Therefore, the expression pattern of MSMEG_5850 and its counterpart, rv0775, was compared during various in-vitro growth and stress conditions. Expression of MSMEG_5850 was induced under different environmental stresses while no change in expression was observed under mid-exponential and stationary phases. No expression of rv0775 was observed under any stress condition tested, while the gene was expressed during the mid-exponential phase that declined in the stationary phase. The effect of MSMEG_5850 on the survival of M. smegmatis under stress conditions and growth pattern was studied using wild type, knockout, and supplemented strain. Deletion of MSMEG_5850 resulted in altered colony morphology, biofilm/pellicle formation, and growth pattern of M. smegmatis. The survival rate of wild-type MSMEG_5850 was higher in comparison to knockout under different environmental stresses. Overall, this study suggested the role of MSMEG_5850 in the growth and adaptation/survival of M. smegmatis under stress conditions.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• Mycobacterium smegmatis * genetika   růst a vývoj   fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• transkripční faktory * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Preservation of mobility independence is a primary goal in older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S). Interventions based on the combination of physical activity (PA) and nutritional counselling have been indicated as strategies for the management of this condition, although their effectiveness is not confirmed in all investigations. A possible explanation for this uncertain scenario relies in the impact of the adherence to PA interventions. Hence, the present study investigated the impact of the adherence to PA sessions on the incidence of mobility disability in older adults with PF&S. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of an evaluator blinded, randomised controlled trial, developed in 16 clinical sites across 11 European countries, from January 2016 to 31 October 2019. Participants were community-dwelling older adults (70+ years) with PF&S enrolled in the SPRINTT trial (NCT02582138). PF&S was operationalised as having a total score from 3 to 9 on the short physical performance battery (SPPB), low appendicular lean mass and ability to complete the 400-m walk test in < 15 min. Data from participants allocated to a multicomponent intervention (PA with technological support plus nutritional counselling) and a healthy ageing lifestyle education programme (control group) were analysed. Adherence to PA was assessed based on the number of weekly sessions attended. According to recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine, adherence was categorised as below recommendations (< 2 sessions/week, BR), meeting recommendations (2-3 sessions/week, MR), and above recommendations (> 3 sessions/week, AR). The primary outcome was incident mobility disability, operationalised as incident inability to complete the 400-m walk test in < 15 min during up to 36 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Data of 1444 participants (mean age 79.3 years, 72.6% women) were analysed. In those with SPPB scores of 3-7, MR and AR groups had lower risk of mobility disability compared with controls [MR HR (95% CI): 0.57 (0.41-0.78), p = 0.001; AR HR (95% CI): 0.33 (0.23-0.46), p < 0.001] and BR groups [MR: HR (95% CI): 0.48 (0.34-0.69), p < 0.001; AR: HR (95% CI): 0.27 (0.18-0.38), p < 0.001] in a dose-dependent manner. In those with SPPB scores of 8 or 9, the BR group had a higher risk of mobility disability than controls. MR and AR groups had a lower risk of mobility disability than the BR group. CONCLUSIONS: In older adults with PF&S, adherence to PA recommendations is associated with lower incidence of mobility disability. This benefit depends on the degree of adherence as well as baseline physical performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02582138.

• MeSH
• cvičení * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• omezení pohyblivosti * MeSH
• postižení MeSH
• sarkopenie * patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Celosvetovo patrí obezita k najrozšírenejším chronickým ochoreniam ako v dospelej, tak aj v detskej a adolescentnej populácii. V súčasnosti je jedným z najvýznamnejších problémov verejného zdravia nielen kvôli narastajúcej prevalencii, ale najmä asociácii so širokým spektrom ďalších chronických a život ohrozujúcich ochorení. Na Slovensku sa prevalencia nadhmotnosti pohybuje v rozmedzí okolo 63 %, prevalencia obezity okolo 29 %. V júni 2024 v Nature Medicine publikovala a zaviedla Európska spoločnosť pre štúdium obezity (European Association for the Study of Obesity – EASO) rámec na zosúladenie diagnostiky, hodnotenia závažnosti a liečby obezity so štandardmi iných chronických ochorení. Ciele liečby chronického ochorenia – (pre)obezity by mali byť holistické, mali by ísť „za“ pokles hmotnosti v kilogramoch, čo prináša so sebou dlhodobé prínosy pre zdravie, duševnú pohodu, fyzické fungovanie a zlepšenie kvality života. Holistické ciele môžeme dosiahnuť zmenou životného štýlu (behaviorálne, nutričné a pohybové intervencie). Zhodnotenie závažnosti ochorenia ovplyvňuje individuálnu liečbu (personalizovaná medicína) a v súčasnosti máme možnosť využívať kombináciu zmeny životného štýlu s farmakoterapiou, prípadne aj bariatrickými chirurgickými postupmi. V ostatnom čase nám pribudlo veľa nových informácií, výsledkov zo zaujímavých klinických štúdií týkajúcich sa farmakologického manažmentu založeného na báze inkretínov. V blízkej budúcnosti sa dočkáme aj ďalších noviniek zacielených na chronický manažment obezity.

Worldwide, obesity is one of the most widespread chronic diseases in the adult, child and adolescent population. It is currently one of the most significant public health problems not only due to its increasing prevalence, but especially due to its association with a wide range of other chronic and life-threatening diseases. In Slovakia, the prevalence of overweight is around 63 %, and the prevalence of obesity is around 29 %. In June 2024, the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) published and introduced a framework to align the diagnosis, assessment of severity and treatment of obesity with the standards of other chronic diseases. The goals of treatment of chronic disease – (pre)obesity should be holistic, they should go “beyond” weight loss in kilograms, which brings with it long-term benefits for health, mental well-being, physical functioning and improved quality of life. Holistic goals can be achieved by changing lifestyle (behavioral, nutritional and exercise interventions). The assessment of the severity of the disease influences individual treatment (personalized medicine) and currently we have the opportunity to use a combination of lifestyle changes with pharmacotherapy, or even bariatric surgical procedures. Recently, we have received a lot of new information, results from interesting clinical studies related to pharmacological management based on incretins. In the near future we will also see other news aimed at chronic management of obesity.

• MeSH
• agonisté receptoru pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• látky proti obezitě farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léčba obezity metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tirzepatid farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Práca sa venuje otázkam prevalencie, diagnostiky a manažmentu obezity a s obezitou asociovaných komorbidít v populácii detí a adolescentov. Okrem štandardného spektra terapeutických možností (individuálna alebo skupinová modifikácia životného štýlu, nutričné odporúčania, modifikácia fyzickej aktivity, kognitívno-behaviorálna terapia a psychologická intervencia) od roku 2022 je na Slovensku možnosť medikamentóznej liečby liraglutidom u adolescentov s obezitou. Vzhľadom na stúpajúci trend ochorenia sa do popredia dostáva otázka vytvorenia novej infraštruktúry zdravotnej starostlivosti o dieťa či adolescenta s obezitou. Európska spoločnosť pre štúdium obezity (EASO) publikovala kritériá pre centrá manažmentu obezity s cieľom zlepšiť starostlivosť o pacientov s obezitou.

This paper addresses prevalence, diagnosis and management of obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities in the child and adolescent population. In addition to the standard spectrum of therapeutic options (individual or group lifestyle modification, nutritional recommendations, physical activity modification, cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychological intervention) the drug treatment with liraglutide has been available in Slovakia for adolescents with obesity since 2022. Due to the increasing trend of the disease, up to fourth comes the need of creating a new healthcare infrastructure for adolescents with obesity. The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) has published criteria for obesity management centers with the aim of improving the care of patients with obesity.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• léčba obezity metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• liraglutid farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Background: Malnutrition is a lack of proper nutrition associated with different chronic diseases, comorbidities, frailty, and a higher prevalence of morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the most appropriate items that reflect nutrition status in this population group and incorporate them into the nutrition risk screening and malnutrition assessment tool. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina among 300 individuals older than 65 years. An eight-step approach that included correspondence analysis, generation of the pool item, content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, and reliability was performed. Results: Correspondence analyses were performed using the contingency table's low-dimensional graphical representation of the rows and columns. After identifying nutrition status assessment-related topics via correspondence analyses, a literature review was performed to determine additional items. The assessment tool's accuracy was measured against clinical judgement as a reference standard. To test face validity of the tool, cognitive interviewing was used. Responses were analyzed and necessary changes were made. The final version of the tool included 14 items. Possible range score on the assessment tool was 0-21. Lower scores indicated nutrition risk. The screening and assessment tool showed acceptable validity and internal consistency.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• podvýživa prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH

Meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies conducted in recent years have raised serious doubts about the validity of the low-fat dietary recommendations introduced in the late 1970s/early 1980s, due to the absence of any convincing link between saturated fat and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, long-term food supply statistics from the FAOSTAT database show that these recommendations were at the root of fundamental dietary changes in Western countries, which resulted in a lower consumption of eggs and red meat, a higher consumption of cereals and poultry, a decline in average protein quality and, overall, in a higher glycemic load of the diet. Because current views on human nutrition are based primarily on highly unreliable questionnaire data from observational studies, the purpose of this commentary is to provide an alternative ecological (country-level) perspective and to trace the consequences of these nutritional changes using the FAOSTAT database in combination with available anthropological and health statistics. This comparison shows a close connection between the decline in protein quality and the sudden reversal of the positive height trend in some Western countries, after ∼150 years of continuous growth, which points to suboptimal levels of child nutrition. The sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is strongly correlated with the increasing consumption of high-glycemic carbohydrates and sweeteners, and is also interconnected with the decrease in body height, because a high-quality, growth-stimulating diet during adolescence is inversely related to obesity. Given the long-term association between height and phenotypic IQ, the lower quality of nutrients in children's diet may also seriously affect intellectual potential and future civilizational development. In light of these findings, current nutritional strategies should be seriously reconsidered and recommended protein intakes for children must be urgently reevaluated.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu epidemiologie   MeSH
• dieta * trendy   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita * epidemiologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška * MeSH
• zásobování potravinami * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Improving the quality of the most basic health behavior among youth may contribute to short-term body composition management with long-term implications for noncommunicable disease regression. This investigation aimed to assess the impact of primary school physical activity (PA), dietary, or dual approach interventions on pupils' body weight (BW) and body mass index (BMI). A systematic review and meta-analysis was completed following a study protocol and a trial registration (PROSPERO: CRD4202347770) with the PRISMA approach. Publications in English or German were included with school-based randomized controlled trials on diet and/or PA. Pupils of primary schools (aged 5-10) with no major nutritional deficiency or unstable health condition were included. The Boolean search strategy revealed a total of 9479 articles, qualifying 39 studies with 20 462 pupils (including 10 211 girls and 10 251 boys) for quantitative synthesis. The interventions were mostly PA (n = 31), several were dietary (n = 6), and some were dual approach (n = 5). Random effects meta-analyses revealed PA intervention (n = 20) to have an effect size of +0.07 kg (95% CI: -0.01 to 0.15) and -0.12 kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.23 to -0.01). Low statistical heterogeneity was found for BW (I2 = 0%; P = 1.000) and BMI (I2 = 0%; P = .9688), respectively. The findings indicate a scarcity of top-quality scientific research performed on healthy diet for body weight management in primary schools. PA intervention for elementary school pupils provides support for a healthier body composition profile amidst the current world health crisis.

• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví * metody   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• školní zdravotnické služby MeSH
• školy MeSH
• studenti * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost * MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

V intenzivní péči se směřuje k prevenci sekundárního poškození pacienta vlivem imobilizace, umělé plicní ventilace, nutričního a imunitního deficitu. Prostřednictvím časné mobilizace lze obnovit svalovou sílu a současně ovlivnit výslednou délku léčby včetně průběhu rekonvalescence u pacientů hospitalizovaných na intenzivní péči. Výsledky studií poukazují na rozvoj kognitivních dysfunkcí spjatých s pobytem na intenzivní péči. Hovoříme o postraumatickém syndromu, algickém syndromu, či souhrnně o syndromu přímo souvisejícím s pobytem na intenzivní péči (post intensive care syndrom - PICS). Všechny tyto deficity významně ovlivňují kognitivní funkce, zvyšují stresovou odpověď organizmu, poškozují imunitní systém, a zabraňují tak pacientům návrat do aktivního života. Dostatečná informovanost, zajištění časné rehabilitace a psychické podpory se ukazuje jako klíčová.

In intensive care, it aims to prevent secondary damage to the patient due to immobilization, artificial lung ventilation, nutritional and immune deficiency. Through early mobilization, muscle strength can be restored and at the same time influence the resulting length of treatment, including the course of recovery in patients hospitalized for intensive care. The results of the studies point to the development of cognitive dysfunctions associated with a stay in intensive care. We are talking about post-traumatic syndrome, algic syndrome or, collectively, a syndrome directly related to a stay in intensive care (post-intensive care syndrome - PICS). All these deficits significantly affect cognitive functions, increase the body’s stress response, damage the immune system, and thus prevent patients from returning to an active life. Sufficient information, ensuring early rehabilitation and psychological support is proving to be key. K

• Klíčová slova
• syndrom post-intenzivní péče,
• MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kritický stav rehabilitace   MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu metody   MeSH
• techniky fyzikální terapie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Respiratory muscle training may improve ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope), a strong predictor of postoperative pulmonary complications. We hypothesised that multimodal prehabilitation, incorporating high-intensity respiratory muscle training, before lung resection would reduce postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. METHODS: We conducted a prospective multicentre, randomised controlled trial (NCT04826575) to examine the effect of prehabilitation in individuals undergoing lung resection. Participants were defined as high-risk for postoperative pulmonary complications if they achieved VE/VCO2 slope ≥33, as determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Participants were then randomised to either usual care or multimodal prehabilitation, which consisted of a 14-day programme of high-intensity respiratory muscle training, smoking cessation, nutritional support, and psychological support. The primary outcome were postoperative pulmonary and cardiovascular complications (pneumonia, atelectasis, respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, prolonged air leak). RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (46% female; age range: 64-75 yr) completed the study. Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 20/58 (34%) of patients randomised to multimodal prehabilitation, compared with 35/64 (55%) patients receiving usual care (odds ratio 2.29 [95% confidence interval 1.10-4.77]; P=0.029). Hospital length of stay was shorter after multimodal rehabilitation compared with patients randomised to receive usual care (from 9 [7-11] days to 7 [6-9] days; P=0.038). After prehabilitation, mean (sd) VE/VCO2 slope decreased from 39 (8) to 36 (9); P=0.01. Prehabilitation also improved patient-reported quality of life measures. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk patients undergoing elective lung resection surgery, multimodal prehabilitation, including high-intensity respiratory muscle training to target VE/VCO2, reduced postoperative pulmonary complications and hospital length of stay.

• MeSH
• dechová cvičení * metody   MeSH
• délka pobytu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• fyzioterapie v předoperační přípravě * MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření MeSH
• plicní nemoci * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• pneumektomie * MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předoperační péče * metody   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH