poor and intermediate metabolizer
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
OBJECTIVE: The cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme involved in the oxidative biotransformation of various widely used drugs, including paroxetine, a substrate and strong inhibitor of the enzyme. The aim is to report on a case of protracted intoxication with paroxetine after a single overdose in a genotype-predicted intermediate CYP2D6 metabolizer. OBSERVATION: A 49-year-old man was receiving chronic treatment for more than 6 years with paroxetine 60 mg/day for an indication of agoraphobia. The patient ingested fifty 20 mg tablets of paroxetine in a suicide attempt. The toxic plasma level, accompanied by delirium, persisted for approximately 1 month after the overdose. According to the genotype profile, the patient was evaluated as an intermediate metabolizer with reduced CYP2D6 enzyme activity. CONCLUSION: As a consequence of the suicide attempt with overdose and the chronic paroxetine treatment that preceded it, phenoconversion to a poor metabolizer with very low CYP2D6 enzyme activity is suggested as contributing to an extremely long intoxication accompanied by delirium. Prolonged monitoring over a standard 24 h of both physical symptoms and drug plasma levels, together with a genetic profile assessment and phenoconversion consideration, is recommended after a single overdose in patients chronically treated with paroxetine.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS)-deficient homocystinuria (HCU) is the most common inborn error of sulfur amino acid metabolism. The pyridoxine non-responsive form of the disease manifests itself by massively increasing plasma and tissue concentrations of homocysteine, a toxic intermediate of methionine metabolism that is thought to be the major cause of clinical complications including skeletal deformities, connective tissue defects, thromboembolism and cognitive impairment. The current standard of care involves significant dietary interventions that, despite being effective, often adversely affect quality of life of HCU patients, leading to poor adherence to therapy and inadequate biochemical control with clinical complications. In recent years, the unmet need for better therapeutic options has resulted in development of novel enzyme and gene therapies and exploration of pharmacological approaches to rescue CBS folding defects caused by missense pathogenic mutations. Here, we review scientific evidence and current state of affairs in development of recent approaches to treat HCU.
- MeSH
- cystathionin-beta-synthasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- homocystinurie * farmakoterapie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- missense mutace MeSH
- tromboembolie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
The genetic basis of variability in drug response is at the core of pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies, aiming at reducing adverse drug reaction (ADR), which have interethnic variability. This study used the Kardiovize Brno 2030 random urban Czech sample population to analyze polymorphisms in a wide spectrum of genes coding for liver enzymes involved in drug metabolism. We aimed at correlating real life drug consumption with pharmacogenomic profile, and at comparing these data with the SUPER-Finland Finnish PGx database. A total of 250 individuals representative of the Kardiovize Brno 2030 cohort were included in an observational study. Blood DNA was extracted and 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 13 genes (BCHE, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, F2, F5, IFNL3, SLCO1B1, TPMT, UGT1A1, VKORC1), associated to different drug metabolizing rates, were characterized by genotyping using a genome wide commercial array. Widely used drugs such as anti-coagulant warfarin and lipid lowering agent atorvastatin were associated to an alarmingly high percentage of users with intermediate/poor metabolism for them. Significant differences in the frequency of normal/intermediate/poor/ultrarapid/rapid metabolizers were observed for CYPD26 (p<0.001), CYP2C19 (p<0.001) and UGT1A1 (p<0.001) between the Czech and the Finnish study populations. Our study demonstrated that administration of some popular drugs to a Czech random sample population is associated with different drug metabolizing rates and therefore exposing to risk for ADRs. We also highlight interethnic differentiation of some common pharmacogenetics variants between Central (Czech) and North European (Finnish) population studies, suggesting the utility of PGx-informed prescription based on variant genotyping.
- MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 genetika MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2C19 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2C9 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- epoxidreduktasy vitaminu K genetika MeSH
- farmakogenetika * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- polypeptid C přenášející organické anionty genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Achieving fast immunosuppression blood exposure after kidney transplantation is key to abrogating both preformed and de novo anti-donor humoral and cellular alloresponses. However, while tacrolimus (TAC) is the cornerstone immunosuppressant inhibiting adaptive alloimmunity, its blood exposure is directly impacted by different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP3A TAC-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we investigated how functional TAC-CYP3A genetic variants (CYP3A4*22/CYP3A5*3) influence the main baseline clinical and immunological risk factors of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) by means of preformed donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) and donor-specific alloreactive T cells (DSTs) in a large European cohort of 447 kidney transplants receiving TAC-based immunosuppression. A total of 70 (15.7%) patients developed BPAR. Preformed DSAs and DSTs were observed in 12 (2.7%) and 227 (50.8%) patients, respectively. According to the different CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 functional allele variants, we found 4 differential new clusters impacting fasting TAC exposure after transplantation; 7 (1.6%) were classified as high metabolizers 1 (HM1), 71 (15.9%) as HM2, 324 (72.5%) as intermediate (IM), and 45 (10.1%) as poor metabolizers (PM1). HM1/2 showed significantly lower TAC trough levels and higher dose requirements than IM and PM (p < 0.001) and more frequently showed TAC underexposure (<5 ng/ml). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that CYP3A HM1 and IM pharmacogenetic phenotypes (hazard ratio (HR) 12.566, 95% CI 1.99-79.36, p = 0.007, and HR 4.532, 95% CI 1.10-18.60, p = 0.036, respectively), preformed DSTs (HR 3.482, 95% CI 1.99-6.08, p < 0.001), DSAs (HR 4.421, 95% CI 1.63-11.98, p = 0.003), and delayed graft function (DGF) (HR 2.023, 95% CI 1.22-3.36, p = 0.006) independently predicted BPAR. Notably, a significant interaction between T-cell depletion and TAC underexposure was observed, showing a reduction of the BPAR risk (HR 0.264, 95% CI 0.08-0.92, p = 0.037). Such variables except for DSAs displayed a higher predictive risk for the development of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). Refinement of pretransplant monitoring by incorporating TAC CYP3A SNPs with preformed DSAs as well as DSTs may improve current rejection-risk stratification and help induction treatment decision-making.
- MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP3A * genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paměťové B-buňky * imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty * imunologie MeSH
- takrolimus * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPG) are usually benign neuroendocrine tumors. However, PCPGs with mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase B subunit (SDHB) have a poor prognosis and frequently develop metastatic lesions. SDHB-mutated PCPGs exhibit dysregulation in oxygen metabolic pathways, including pseudohypoxia and formation of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that targeting the redox balance pathway could be a potential therapeutic approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We studied the genetic alterations of cluster I PCPGs compared with cluster II PCPGs, which usually present as benign tumors. By targeting the signature molecular pathway, we investigated the therapeutic effect of ascorbic acid on PCPGs using in vitro and in vivo models. RESULTS: By investigating PCPG cells with low SDHB levels, we show that pseudohypoxia resulted in elevated expression of iron transport proteins, including transferrin (TF), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2), and the divalent metal transporter 1 (SLC11A2; DMT1), leading to iron accumulation. This iron overload contributed to elevated oxidative stress. Ascorbic acid at pharmacologic concentrations disrupted redox homeostasis, inducing DNA oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in PCPG cells with low SDHB levels. Moreover, through a preclinical animal model with PCPG allografts, we demonstrated that pharmacologic ascorbic acid suppressed SDHB-low metastatic lesions and prolonged overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The data here demonstrate that targeting redox homeostasis as a cancer vulnerability with pharmacologic ascorbic acid is a promising therapeutic strategy for SDHB-mutated PCPGs.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- feochromocytom farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- genový knockdown MeSH
- kyselina askorbová farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie transplantace MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- paragangliom MeSH
- poškození DNA účinky léků MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
- sukcinátdehydrogenasa nedostatek genetika MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod a cíl: Při terapii recidivující aftózní stomatitidy (RAS) se doporučuje tzv. Škachova kúra, při které pacienti užívají kyselinu listovou a vitamin B6. Kyselina listová je v organismu využitelná pouze ve formě aktivního folátu (vitamin B9); v metabolické přeměně sehrává důležitou úlohu enzym methylentetrahydrofolát reduktáza (MTHFR), jehož funkčnost je zásadně ovlivněna genovými polymorfismy. Cílem práce bylo ověřit předpoklad, že podání aktivní formy kyseliny listové spolu s vitaminy B6 a D3 může pozitivně ovlivnit četnost výsevu aft i průběh jejich hojení u pacientů s RAS. Metody: V rámci pilotní studie jsme klinicky vyšetřili deset pacientů, u nichž jsme analyzovali haplogenotypy v genu MTHFR. Podmínky pro zařazení pacientů s RAS byly: věk 18–50 let, česká národnost, geneticky podmíněná snížená schopnost metabolizovat kyselinu listovou (špatný metabolizátor – PM nebo intermediární – IM) a nepřítomnost systémového onemocnění (Crohnova choroba, Behçetova choroba, onemocnění ledvin a další nemoci). Farmakoterapie v upraveném designu dvojitě zaslepené zkřížené studie (cross-over design) probíhala od jara 2018 v délce trvání tří měsíců. Pacientům byl ve třífázovém schématu podáván aktivní folát (glukosaminová sůl 5-methylfolátu), vitaminy B6 a D3, po dobu terapie nesměli užívat žádné jiné potravinové doplňky. Vedli si denní záznamy o svém zdravotním stavu a možných rizikových faktorech RAS a byli v měsíčních intervalech klinicky i laboratorně vyšetřeni. Zaznamenali jsme jak subjektivní hodnocení efektu terapie pacienty, tak i získaná laboratorní data, která byla vyhodnocena statistickým softwarem Statistica v.13. Výsledky: Do studie jsme zařadili tři muže a sedm žen s RAS ve věku 28 až 47 let; tři z nich byli podle genového profilu MTHFR definováni jako PM a sedm jako IM kyseliny listové. Podle subjektivního hodnocení jedna pacientka udala zhoršení stavu, dva pacienti nepozorovali během terapie změnu svého zdravotního stavu a sedm osob bylo spokojeno, neboť u nich došlo k méně častému/žádnému výsevu aft a/nebo doba hojení byla významně kratší. Subjektivní hodnocení terapie pozitivně korelovalo s objektivním klinickým nálezem (r = 0,993, p < 0,001). Z laboratorní analýzy vyplynulo, že podání vitaminu D3 signifikantně zvýšilo sérové koncentrace 25-OH D3 z nízkých/limitních na optimální hodnoty. Medián koncentrací před zahájením studie byl 54,2 nmoll-1, těsně před podáním 68,1 nmoll-1 versus měsíc po podání 96,6 nmoll-1 (norma: 50–175 nmoll-1), (p ≤ 0,01). Další sledované parametry, jako koncentrace kyseliny listové v séru, homocysteinu, ALT, AST a krevní obraz, byly u pacientů ve fyziologickém rozmezí před terapií i po ní. Závěr: Navržená modifikace Škachovy vitaminové kúry se zdá být vhodná pro léčbu pacientů s RAS, u kterých je genetická predispozice ke snížené funkci enzymu MTHFR, neboť během našeho pozorování došlo u 70 % pacientů k subjektivnímu i objektivnímu zlepšení stavu.
SUMMARY Introduction, aim: When treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), a so-called Skach‘s therapy, in which patients are administered folic acid and vitamin B6, is recommended. The human body can process folic acid only in the form of active folate (vitamin B9); methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays an important role in metabolic transformation, function of this enzyme is fundamentally influenced by gene polymorphisms. The aim of the study was to verify the assumption that administration of the active form of folic acid together with vitamins B6 and D3 can positively affect the frequency of aphthae/ulcers eruption and the course of their healing in patients with RAS. Methods: In the pilot study, we clinically examined ten patients in whom we analyzed haplogenotypes in the MTHFR gene. Conditions for inclusion of patients with RAS were: age 18–50 years, Czech nationality, genetically impaired ability to metabolize folic acid (poor metaboliser – PM or intermediate – IM) and the absence of systemic disease (Crohn‘s disease, Behçet‘s disease, kidney disease and other diseases). Pharmacotherapy in a modified double-crossed blind study (cross-over design) ran from spring 2018 and lasted three months. Patients were treated with active folate (glucosamine salt 5-methylfolate), vitamins B6 and D3 in the three-phase regimen, they were not allowed to use any other food supplements during the therapy. They kept daily records of their health status and possible risk factors for RAS and were examined clinically and in the laboratory at monthly intervals. We recorded both the subjective evaluation of the effect of the therapy by patients and the obtained laboratory data, which were evaluated by statistical software Statistica v.13. Results: The study was comprised of three men and seven women with RAS, aged 28 to 47 years; according to the MTHFR gene profile, three were defined as PM and seven as IM of folic acid. Based on the subjective assessment, one patient reported a deterioration, two patients did not observe a change in their health state during therapy, and seven were satisfied because they had a lower or no aphthae eruption and/or healing time was significantly shorter. Subjective evaluation of therapy positively correlated with objective clinical finding (r = 0.993, P < 0.001). The laboratory analysis showed that administration of vitamin D3 significantly increased serum concentrations of 25-OH D3 from low/limit to optimal values, median of concentrations prior to study was 54.2 nmoll-1, just before administration 68.1 nmoll-1 vs. month after administration 96.6 nmoll-1 (norm: 50–175 nmoll-1), (P ≤ 0.01). The other studied parameters, such as concentration of folic acid in serum, homocysteine, ALT, AST, and blood count, were within the physiological range before and after therapy. Conclusion: The proposed modification of Skach‘s vitamin therapy seems to be appropriate for the treatment of patients suffering from RAS with genetic predisposition for reduced MTHFR function as during our observation, 70% of patients experienced subjective and objective improvement of their state.
- MeSH
- aftózní stomatitida * terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmakogenetika MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- kyselina listová terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vitamin D terapeutické užití MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Objectives: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is influenced by susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, elevated bacterial load and degree of acid inhibition, which can be affected by genotypes of drug-metabolizing enzymes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 polymorphism]. Theoretically, the choice and dose of proton pump inhibitor may also influence the suppression of H. pylori infection. The CYP2C19 genotype has recently been found to have an impact on peptic ulcer healing, H. pylori eradication and therapeutic efficacy of proton pump inhibitors. Methods: Here, we investigated the impact of the CYP2C19 genotype polymorphism and the success of triple therapy (fluoroquinolones/metronidazole/clarithromycin) on antibiotic-resistant strains in eradicating H. pylori in human subjects with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), in human subjects with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in asymptomatic human subjects (positive and negative for H. pylori infection). Results: Based on the CYP2C19 genotypes, determined by Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis, we found 11.2%, 62.5% and 26.3% corresponding to rapid metabolizers, intermediate metabolizers and poor metabolizers, respectively. However, we did not find any significant effect for homozygous ABCB1 or CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 alleles. We detected several participants heterozygous for both ABCB1 and CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and CYP2C19*17 loci. The participants heterozygous for both ABCB1 and CYP2C19*2 and *3 loci should be defined as intermediate and poor metabolizers according to the haplotype analysis in the NUD, PUD and asymptomatic subjects. Conclusions: Consequently, fluoroquinolones/metronidazole/clarithromycin-based triple therapies can be used to eradicate H. pylori infection, if one does not know the CYP2C19 genotype of the patient.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence * MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2C19 genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Helicobacter pylori účinky léků MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori farmakoterapie genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- inhibitory protonové pumpy terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Konzervativní léčba refluxní choroby jícnu (GERD - gastroesophageal reflux disease) je v současnosti opřena o skupinu léků, které nejúčinněji potlačují sekreci kyseliny solné v žaludku, a to tzv. inhibitory protonové pumpy (IPP). I když se nejedná o kauzální léčbu onemocnění, jsou považovány a akceptovány jako léky volby „zlatého standardu“. Cílem retrospektivní studie bylo zmapovat medikace pacientů s GERD v různých stupních onemocnění, analyzovat jejich individuální variabilitu v genu kódujícím enzym cytochrom P450 (CYP2C19) a navrhnout metodiku pro jednoduché stanovení genového profilu pacienta s GERD pro zefektivnění terapeutických postupů. Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno celkem 276 osob s GERD po chirurgickém zákroku se známou farmakologickou anamnézou - 94 pacientů s neerozivní refluxní chorobou, 121 s refluxní ezofagitidou a 61 s Barrettovým jícnem (BE - Barrett´s esophagus) nebo adenokarcinomem jícnu (EAC - esophageal adenocarcinoma). Stanovení genotypů dvou polymorfizmů genu CYP2C19 (*17 rs12248560 a *2 rs4244285) bylo založeno na principu kvantitativní polymerázové řetězové reakce. Výsledky: Více než 90 % pacientů užívalo IPP (omeprazol/lansoprazol/pantoprazol). Ačkoli ve sledované kohortě předepsaná dávkování IPP odpovídala doporučení pro udržovací terapii, u pacientů nebyla zohledněna míra schopnosti účinnou látku metabolizovat. Bylo zjištěno, že nositelé genotypových kombinací obsahujících variantu CYP2C9*17 determinující fenotyp ultrarychlého metabolizátoru (UM) mají nižší pravděpodobnost souběžného výskytu s variantou CYP2C19*2, která kóduje fenotyp intermediárního nebo „špatného“ metabolizátoru (IM nebo PM), než osoby se standardní funkcí enzymu CYP2C19 (p = 0,001). Frekvence kombinací genotypů (tzv. haplogenotypů) a ve výsledku fenotypů UM/IM/PM byla mezi pacienty s GERD 37,3/16,7/1,4 %. Závěr: U pacientů s GERD by měl být před zahájením farmakoterapie IPP definován jejich genový profil, resp. kombinace variant CYP2C19*17 a *2, a to vzhledem k jejich vysoké frekvenci v populaci a funkčnímu metabolickému významu. Předpokládáme, že by toto opatření mohlo vést ke zvýšení efektivity farmakoterapie, a tím ke zlepšení kvality života pacientů a snad i k prevenci rozvoje závažnějších stavů, jakými jsou BE a EAC. Nestandardní schopnost metabolizovat IPP by mohla být jedním z předpokladů k indikaci chirurgického zákroku u pacientů s GERD.
Introduction: Conservative treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is currently based on a group of drugs that effectively suppress the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, so-called proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Although these drugs do not target the cause of the disease, they are considered and accepted as the “gold standard“ for the treatment of this disease. The aim of this retrospective study was to map medication of GERD patients in various phases of the disease, to analyze individual variability in the cytochrome P450 (CYP2C19) gene, and to propose an effective method for the simple determination of the gene in GERD patients. Methods: The study included 276 GERD patients with known pharmacological anamnesis who had undergone surgical treatment. The subjects included 94 patients with non-erosive reflux disease, 121 with reflux esophagitis, and 61 with Barrett´s esophagus (BE) or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Genotypes of two polymorphisms in the CYP2C19 gene (*17 rs12248560 and *2 rs4244285) were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: More than 90% patients were treated with PPI (omeprazole/lansoprazole/pantoprazole). Although the prescribed PPI dosing in the studied cohort was consistent with recommendations for maintenance therapy, the patients´ability to metabolize the active substance was not considered. Carriers of genotype combinations containing the CYP2C9*17 variant, which determines the ultra-rapid metabolizer (UM) phenotype, were less likely to co-occur with the CYP2C19*2 variant, which determines the intermediate or “poor“ metabolizer (IM or PM) phenotype, than individuals with the standard functioning CYP2C19 enzyme (p = 0.001). The frequencies of combinations of genotypes (haplogenotypes) and resulting UM/IM/PM phenotypes were 37.3/16.7/1.4% in GERD patients. Conclusion: Prior to initiating PPI pharmacotherapy in GERD patients, determination of CYP2C19 haplogenotypes (CYP2C19*17 and *2 variants) should be performed due to frequent occurence of these variants in population and their functional metabolic significance. We presume that this approach will increase the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, improve patient quality of life, and very likely help prevent/reduce the risk of the development of more serious conditions, such as BE and EAC. The non-standard ability to metabolize PPI in GERD patients may be one of the indicators for surgical intervention.
- MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2C19 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- farmakogenetika * MeSH
- gastroezofageální reflux * diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- inhibitory protonové pumpy farmakologie metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- polypharmacy MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The volatile two-carbon hormone ethylene acts in concert with an array of signals to affect etiolated seedling development. From a chemical screen, we isolated a quinoline carboxamide designated ACCERBATIN (AEX) that exacerbates the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid-induced triple response, typical for ethylene-treated seedlings in darkness. Phenotypic analyses revealed distinct AEX effects including inhibition of root hair development and shortening of the root meristem. Mutant analysis and reporter studies further suggested that AEX most probably acts in parallel to ethylene signaling. We demonstrated that AEX functions at the intersection of auxin metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. AEX inhibited auxin efflux in BY-2 cells and promoted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidation in the shoot apical meristem and cotyledons of etiolated seedlings. Gene expression studies and superoxide/hydrogen peroxide staining further revealed that the disrupted auxin homeostasis was accompanied by oxidative stress. Interestingly, in light conditions, AEX exhibited properties reminiscent of the quinoline carboxylate-type auxin-like herbicides. We propose that AEX interferes with auxin transport from its major biosynthesis sites, either as a direct consequence of poor basipetal transport from the shoot meristematic region, or indirectly, through excessive IAA oxidation and ROS accumulation. Further investigation of AEX can provide new insights into the mechanisms connecting auxin and ROS homeostasis in plant development and provide useful tools to study auxin-type herbicides.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny cyklické metabolismus MeSH
- Arabidopsis genetika metabolismus MeSH
- chinolony metabolismus MeSH
- ethyleny metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- herbicidy chemie MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny huseníčku metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- semenáček metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Incidence zhoubných nádorů ledvin v České republice dosahuje v celosvětovém měřítku absolutní špičky. Křivka mortality však nekopíruje křivku incidence. Renální karcinom tvoří heterogenní skupinu nádorů s odlišnými genetickými a metabolickými znaky. Při stanovení optimálního léčebného postupu je nutná spolupráce v rámci multidisciplinárního týmu. Tento tým tvoří urolog, onkolog, radiolog, chirurg, patolog a radiační onkolog. V době terapie tyrozinkinázovými inhibitory není role cytoredukční nefrektomie jednoznačná a indikace k ní je zvažována individuálně. Při oligometastatickém postižení je nezastupitelná role chirurga, protože u vybrané skupiny nemocných může resekce metastáz vést k prodloužení přežití a k oddálení zahájení systémové léčby. Prognózu stanovujeme na základě skóre pro metastatický renální karcinom podle kritérií Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC, MSKCC/Motzer). V éře terapie inhibitory tyrozinkináz je tento model nahrazován modelem IMDC (International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium) podle Henga a jeho spolupracovníků. Medián přežití podle modelu IMDC je 43,2 měsíce u skupiny pacientů s příznivou prognózou, u skupiny se středním rizikem pak 22,5 měsíce a u prognosticky nepříznivé skupiny 7,8 měsíce. Některé renální karcinomy mohou mít indolentní průběh. U těchto je možné před zahájením léčby zvolit aktivní surveillance.
Czech Republic has the highest incidence of kidney cancer in the world. Although the incidence of renal cell carcinoma has been increasing, the survival rate has improved substantially. Renal cancer consists of an heterogeneous group of tumors with distinct genetic and metabolic characteristics and histopathologic and clinical features. It has become more evident that a multidisciplinary team approach is necessary to provide optimal care to patients. This team includes medical oncologists, radiologists, urologist pathologists, radiation oncologists and surgeons. In the era of tyrosinkinase inhibitors therapy the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy should be discussed. There is a role of surgeon in the management of oligometastatic disease. Resection of oligometastatic disease can in selected patients prolong survival and delay the need to commence systemic treatment. When determining the prognosis of RCC, MSKCC criteria based on Motzer criteria are still used, although The MSKCC model was developed during the cytokine era, and was subsequently validated in the TKI population era by Heng, who confirmed four of the five MSKCC criteria (excluding elevated LDH) as independent predictors of poor prognosis, and added neutrophilia and thrombocytosis as additional risk factors, with a median survival rate of 43.2, 22.5 and 7.8 months in the favourable, intermediate and poor prognostic groups. Renal cell carcinoma can sometimes follow an indolent course, therefore a period of observation should be considered before starting treatment.
- Klíčová slova
- cytoredukční nefrektomie,
- MeSH
- amlodipin terapeutické užití MeSH
- bevacizumab aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- blokátory receptorů AT1 pro angiotensin II terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypertenze diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- hypertenzní encefalopatie chemicky indukované MeSH
- interferon alfa aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z renálních buněk * diagnóza terapie MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory kostí diagnostické zobrazování radioterapie sekundární MeSH
- nádory ledvin diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- nádory plic diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie sekundární MeSH
- nefrektomie MeSH
- PET/CT MeSH
- přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH