• MeSH
• bioetika MeSH
• lékařská etika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• etika, bioetika, lékařská etika

• MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - fragmenty MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH

Role of male factor in recurrent abortion and in vitro fertilization failure has not been fully defined yet and there is much controversy about evaluating male patients with normal semen analysis. One of the factors that might help establish the male role is DNA fragmentation index. However, strong correlation between this factor and quality of semen, has caused many clinicians to believe that it does not help in abortion and implantation failure. We aim to assess this factor in our patients. In a prospective observational study, we assessed age, duration of infertility, undesired fertility related events (assisted reproductive techniques attempts and abortions), semen parameters and DNA fragmentation index in patients with multiple abortions or in vitro fertilization failures and analysed the results by statistical software SPSS version 24. DNA fragmentation index was remarkably correlated with age, duration of infertility and semen parameters. Among all groups in our study, patients with abnormal semen analysis had statistically significant higher level of DNA fragmentation. Ten percent of patients with normal or slightly abnormal semen analysis had abnormally high SDFI (sperm DNA fragmentation index). Checking DNA fragmentation index is recommended in all couples with fertilization problems even in the presence of normal semen analysis. It might be more reasonable to assess it in aged men, long duration of infertility or candidates with remarkable semen abnormality.

• MeSH
• analýza spermatu MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   MeSH
• fragmentace DNA MeSH
• habituální potrat * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužská infertilita * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sperma MeSH
• spermie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• deoxyribonukleasy MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• gelová chromatografie MeSH
• histony analýza   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• skot MeSH
• thymus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is interest in what happens over time to the thrombus after intravenous alteplase. We study the effect of alteplase on thrombus structure and its impact on clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke. METHODS: Intravenous alteplase treated stroke patients with intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion identified on baseline computed tomography angiography and with follow-up vascular imaging (computed tomography angiography or first run of angiography before endovascular therapy) were enrolled from INTERRSeCT study (Identifying New Approaches to Optimize Thrombus Characterization for Predicting Early Recanalization and Reperfusion With IV Alteplase and Other Treatments Using Serial CT Angiography). Thrombus movement after intravenous alteplase was classified into complete recanalization, thrombus migration, thrombus fragmentation, and no change. Thrombus migration was diagnosed when occlusion site moved distally and graded according to degrees of thrombus movement (grade 0-3). Thrombus fragmentation was diagnosed when a new distal occlusion in addition to the primary occlusion was identified on follow-up imaging. The association between thrombus movement and clinical outcome was also evaluated. RESULTS: Among 427 patients in this study, thrombus movement was seen in 54% with a median time of 123 minutes from alteplase administration to follow-up imaging, and sub-classified as marked (thrombus migration grade 2-3 + complete recanalization; 27%) and mild to moderate thrombus movement (thrombus fragmentation + thrombus migration grade 0-1; 27%). In patients with proximal M1/internal carotid artery occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with a higher rate of good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale, 0-2) compared with mild to moderate movement (52% versus 27%; adjusted odds ratio, 5.64 [95% CI, 1.72-20.10]). No difference was seen in outcomes between mild to moderate thrombus movement and no change. In M1 distal/M2 occlusion, marked thrombus movement was associated with improved 90-day good outcome compared with no change (70% versus 56%; adjusted odds ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.21-5.51]). CONCLUSIONS: Early thrombus movement is common after intravenous alteplase. Marked thrombus migration leads to good clinical outcomes. Thrombus dynamics over time should be further evaluated in clinical trials of acute reperfusion therapy.

• MeSH
• arteria carotis interna MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• CT angiografie MeSH
• fibrinolytika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• infarkt arteria cerebri media diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• intrakraniální trombóza diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• reperfuze MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stenóza arteria carotis diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• tkáňový aktivátor plazminogenu aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• trombolytická terapie MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Fragmentation of the forests affects forest ecosystems by changing the composition, shape, and configuration of the resulting patches. Subsequently, the prevailing conditions vary between patches. The exposure to the sun decreases from the patch boundary to the patch interior and this forms core and edge areas within each patch. Forest harvesting and, in particular, the clear-cut management system which is still preferred in many European countries has a significant impact on forest fragmentation. There are many indices of measuring fragmentation: non-spatial and spatial. The non-spatial indices measure the composition of patches, while the spatial indices measure both the shape and configuration of the resulting patches. The effect of forest harvesting on fragmentation, biodiversity, and the environment is extensively studied; however, the integration of fragmentation indices in the harvest scheduling model is a new, novel approach. This paper presents a multi-objective integer model of harvest scheduling for clear-cut management system and presents a case study demonstrating its use. Harvest balance and sustainability are ensured by the addition of constraints from the basic principle of the regulated forest model. The results indicate that harvest balance and sustainability can be also achieved in minimizing fragmentation of forest ecosystems. From the analyses presented in this study, it can be concluded that integration of fragmentation into harvest scheduling can provide better spatial structure. It depends on the initial spatial and age structure. It was confirmed that it is possible to find compromise solution while minimizing fragmentation and maximizing harvested area.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• lesnictví metody   MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• smrk růst a vývoj   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• methotrexát škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• močovina analogy a deriváty   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• poškození DNA MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• absorpce MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• buněčné jádro MeSH
• centrifugace MeSH
• chromatografie DEAE-celulózová MeSH
• deoxyribonukleasy farmakologie   MeSH
• gelová chromatografie MeSH
• játra cytologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Apoptosis has been recognized as a type of programmed cell death connected with characteristic morphological and biochemical changes in cells. This programmed cell death plays an important role in the genesis of a number of physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it can be very important to detect the signs of apoptosis in a study of cellular metabolism. The present paper provides an overview of methods often being used for detecting DNA fragmentation as one of the most specific findings in apoptosis. To date, three routine assays have been developed for detecting DNA fragmentation: DNA ladder assay, TUNEL assay, and comet assay. All these methods differ in their principles for detecting DNA fragmentation. DNA ladder assay detects the characteristic "DNA ladder" pattern formed during internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. Terminal deoxynUcleotidyl transferase Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) assay detects DNA strand breaks using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase catalyzing attachment of modified deoxynucleotides on the DNA strand breaks. Comet assay can be used for detecting nucleus breakdown producing single/double-strand DNA breaks. The aim of this review is to describe the present knowledge on these three methods, including optimized approaches, techniques, and limitations.

• MeSH
• apoptóza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• biotest metody   MeSH
• DNA analýza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fragmentace DNA * MeSH
• kometový test metody   MeSH
• koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• fyzikální chemie MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• pepsin A MeSH
• prasata MeSH