Biorelevant dissolution instruments represent an important tool for pharmaceutical research and development. These instruments are designed to simulate the dissolution of drug formulations in conditions most closely mimicking the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, we focused on the optimization of dissolution compartments/vessels for an updated version of the biorelevant dissolution apparatus-Golem v2. We designed eight compartments of uniform size but different inner geometry. The dissolution performance of the compartments was tested using immediate release caffeine tablets and evaluated by standard statistical methods and principal component analysis. Based on two phases of dissolution testing (using 250 and 100 mL of dissolution medium), we selected two compartment types yielding the highest measurement reproducibility. We also confirmed a statistically ssignificant effect of agitation rate and dissolution volume on the extent of drug dissolved and measurement reproducibility.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• farmaceutická chemie * MeSH
• farmakokinetika * MeSH
• gastrointestinální absorpce MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt metabolismus   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• rozpustnost * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this research study we have developed a clustering-based automatic sleep spindle detection method that was evaluated on two different databases. The databases consisted of 20 all-night polysomnograph recordings. Past detection methods have been based on subject-independent and some subject-dependent parameters, such as fixed or variable thresholds to identify spindles. Using a multivariate Gaussian mixture model clustering technique, our algorithm was developed to use only subject-specific parameters to detect spindles. We have obtained an overall sensitivity range (65.1-74.1%) at a (59.55-119.7%) false positive proportion.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• databáze faktografické * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• normální rozdělení MeSH
• polysomnografie metody   MeSH
• sběr dat metody   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We have developed a method to longitudinally classify subjects into two or more prognostic groups using longitudinally observed values of markers related to the prognosis. We assume the availability of a training data set where the subjects' allocation into the prognostic group is known. The proposed method proceeds in two steps as described earlier in the literature. First, multivariate linear mixed models are fitted in each prognostic group from the training data set to model the dependence of markers on time and on possibly other covariates. Second, fitted mixed models are used to develop a discrimination rule for future subjects. Our method improves upon existing approaches by relaxing the normality assumption of random effects in the underlying mixed models. Namely, we assume a heteroscedastic multivariate normal mixture for random effects. Inference is performed in the Bayesian framework using the Markov chain Monte Carlo methodology. Software has been written for the proposed method and it is freely available. The methodology is applied to data from the Dutch Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Study.

• MeSH
• biliární cirhóza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• cholagoga a choleretika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• diskriminační analýza MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kyselina ursodeoxycholová terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Polysomnography (PSG) is one of the most important noninvasive methods for studying maturation of the child brain. Sleep in infants is significantly different from sleep in adults. This paper addresses the problem of computer analysis of neonatal polygraphic signals.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• dýchání MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• elektrookulografie MeSH
• Fourierova analýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Markovovy řetězce MeSH
• mozek růst a vývoj   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• pohyby očí MeSH
• polysomnografie MeSH
• porod v termínu fyziologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozdělení chí kvadrát MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• stadia spánku fyziologie   MeSH
• umělá inteligence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví

A test-statistic typically employed in the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) prevents this method from being genuinely multivariate. In particular, this statistic is insensitive to changes in the correlation structure of the gene sets of interest. The present paper considers the utility of an alternative test-statistic in designing the confirmatory component of the GSEA. This statistic is based on a pertinent distance between joint distributions of expression levels of genes included in the set of interest. The null distribution of the proposed test-statistic, known as the multivariate N-statistic, is obtained by permuting group labels. Our simulation studies and analysis of biological data confirm the conjecture that the N-statistic is a much better choice for multivariate significance testing within the framework of the GSEA. We also discuss some other aspects of the GSEA paradigm and suggest new avenues for future research.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• modely genetické MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH

Bacteria with a reduced susceptibility against antimicrobials pose a major threat to public health. Therefore, large programs have been set up to collect minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values. These values can be used to monitor the distribution of the nonsusceptible isolates in the general population. Data are collected within several countries and over a number of years. In addition, the sampled bacterial isolates were not tested for susceptibility against one antimicrobial, but rather against an entire range of substances. Interest is therefore in the analysis of the joint distribution of MIC data on two or more antimicrobials, while accounting for a possible effect of covariates. In this regard, we present a Bayesian semiparametric density estimation routine, based on multivariate Gaussian mixtures. The mixing weights are allowed to depend on certain covariates, thereby allowing the user to detect certain changes over, for example, time. The new approach was applied to data collected in Europe in 2010, 2012, and 2013. We investigated the susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates against ampicillin and trimethoprim, where we found that there seems to be a significant increase in the proportion of nonsusceptible isolates. In addition, a simulation study was carried out, showing the promising behavior of the proposed method in the field of antimicrobial resistance.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• monitorování léčiv * MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study aims to investigate the changes in atmospheric deposition trends in Bulgaria, studied using the moss biomonitoring technique since 1995. For the first time, a paired (site-wise) comparison was performed after a critical review of the sampling networks and adjusting for location, the distance between the sampling points, and moss species. Data from the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 moss surveys were chosen as instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed in both to determine the content of 34 elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Са, Ce, Cl, Со, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, I, K, La, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Yb, Zn). In addition, Cd, Cu, and Pb were determined using complementary analytical methods: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy in 2015/2016 and atomic absorption spectroscopy in 2005/2006. For the subset of 57 routinely sampled locations in Bulgaria, hierarchical clustering on principal components and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were applied to assess the spatial trends in the 10 years elapsed between the surveys, as well as to characterise the origin of the determined elements. Elevation and distance between the sampling points were used as additional variables in the multiple factor analysis plane to ascertain their effect on the overall variance in the datasets. Distribution maps were constructed to illustrate the deposition patterns for the pollutant Pb. The results were consistent with decreased industrial output in the country, increased coal combustion and transport pollution, and construction of roads.

• MeSH
• Bryophyta * MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• stopové prvky analýza   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bulharsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and distribution of US-detected qualitative cartilage damage at metacarpal heads of patients with RA and hand OA. METHODS: Fifty-two RA patients and 34 patients with hand OA were enrolled. US examination of the metacarpal head cartilage from the II to V finger of both hands was performed. A total of 414 MCP joints in RA and 266 MCP joints in OA patients were scanned with a linear probe up to 22 MHz. Qualitative assessments using a previously described scoring system for cartilage damage were performed. The prevalence and distribution of cartilage damage were analysed. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of age, gender, BMI, disease duration and the presence of RF and anti-CCP antibodies for US-detected cartilage damage. RESULTS: The metacarpal head cartilage was positive for cartilage damage in 35.7% (148/414) of MCP joints in RA and in 43.6% (116/266) of MCP joints in OA patients. In RA, the hyaline cartilage of the II and III metacarpal heads (bilaterally) was the most frequently affected. In OA, cartilage damage was more homogeneously distributed in all MCP joints. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age and disease duration, but not gender, BMI or autoantibody status, were independent predictors of US-detected cartilage damage in RA. CONCLUSION: Cartilage damage was found in more than one-third of the MCP joints in both RA and OA patients, and in RA patients, the II and III MCP joints were the most damaged.

• MeSH
• antirevmatika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• autoprotilátky krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metakarpofalangeální kloub diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nemoci chrupavky diagnostické zobrazování   etiologie   MeSH
• osteoartróza komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In the present work, we use an exceptional database including 5,359 records of 101 species of Oman's terrestrial reptiles together with spatial tools to infer the spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity, to infer the habitat preference of each species and to better define conservation priorities, with especial focus on the effectiveness of the protected areas in preserving this unique arid fauna. Our results indicate that the sampling effort is not only remarkable from a taxonomic point of view, with multiple observations for most species, but also for the spatial coverage achieved. The observations are distributed almost continuously across the two-dimensional climatic space of Oman defined by the mean annual temperature and the total annual precipitation and across the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the multivariate climatic space and are well represented within 17 out of the 20 climatic clusters grouping 10% of the explained climatic variance defined by PC1 and PC2. Species richness is highest in the Hajar and Dhofar Mountains, two of the most biodiverse areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and endemic species richness is greatest in the Jebel Akhdar, the highest part of the Hajar Mountains. Oman's 22 protected areas cover only 3.91% of the country, including within their limits 63.37% of terrestrial reptiles and 50% of all endemics. Our analyses show that large areas of the climatic space of Oman lie outside protected areas and that seven of the 20 climatic clusters are not protected at all. The results of the gap analysis indicate that most of the species are below the conservation target of 17% or even the less restrictive 12% of their total area within a protected area in order to be considered adequately protected. Therefore, an evaluation of the coverage of the current network of protected areas and the identification of priority protected areas for reptiles using reserve design algorithms are urgently needed. Our study also shows that more than half of the species are still pending of a definitive evaluation by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• plazi klasifikace   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Omán MeSH