Trait data
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Úvod: V článku analyzujeme vzťah medzi užívaním alkoholu a úzkostlivosťou na podklade dát z epidemiologickej štúdie EPIAF. Metódy: EPIAF je prierezová epidemiologická štúdia postavená na kvótnom výbere dospelých slovenských participantov (N = 1251). Užívanie alkoholu bolo hodnotené skríningovým dotazníkom CAGE s modifikovaným hodnotením kategórií pitia alkoholu (abstinenti, „sociálne pijúci“, „abuzéri“, „závislí od alkoholu“). Mieru úzkostlivosti ako osobnostnej črty sme zisťovali pomocou State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI X). Výsledky: Zistené vzťahy sa významne líšia v závislosti od pohlavia participantov. Muži závislí od alkoholu mali významne vyššiu mieru úzkostlivosti ako ostatné skupiny užívateľov alkoholu. U žien mali najvyššie skóre v úzkostlivosti abstinentky, pričom medzi kategóriami užívateliek alkoholu neboli rozdiely v miere úzkostlivosti významné. U mužov mali všetky pozitívne zodpovedané otázky v CAGE vzťah k vyššej miere úzkostlivosti, v prípade žien sme našli len vzťah s vyššou úzkostlivosťou a pozitívnou odpoveďou na položku, ktorá sa týkala kritiky za pitie zo strany okolia. Závery: Zistené rozdiely navodzujú otázky o príčinách odlišného vzťahu medzi užívaním alkoholu a úzkostlivosťou. Celkovo sa tento vzťah javil jednoznačnejší u mužov. Popri známych odlišnostiach v spôsobe konzumu alkoholu, potenciálnych rizikových faktorov pre nadužívanie alkoholu u mužov a žien nás výsledky upozorňujú aj na potrebu diferencovanej diagnostiky abúzu a závislosti od alkoholu u mužov a žien.
Introduction: Article presents analysis of the relationship between alcohol usage and trait-anxiety based on data from epidemiological study EPIAF. Methods: We used data from EPIAF study. Cross-sectional quota-based epidemiology design was applied. Final representative sample consisted of 1251 participants. Analyzed variables were diagnosed using screening test CAGE on alcohol usage and trait-anxiety was measured with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X). We used modified categorizing in CAGE (abstainers, „social drinkers“, „abusers“ and „alcohol dependent“). Results: Relationship between alcohol usage and trait-anxiety was different in men and women. Men categorized with CAGE as depen - dent on alcohol have significantly higher trait-anxiety than other categories of consumers and abstinents. In women highest trait-anxiety was found in group of abstinents and no significant differences were found between CAGE categories. In men all four positive answers on CAGE questions were related to higher trait-anxiety, in women only in the item concerning being criticized for drinking. Conclusions: The differences we have found put questions on the relationship between alcohol usage and trait-anxiety. The relationship based on data seems to be clearer in men. Taking into account well-known differences in drinking habits and also potential different risk factors for alcohol abuse in men and women, the results calls for the need to differentiate while diagnosing and evaluating alcohol problems in men and women.
Functional diversity (FD) is an important component of biodiversity that quantifies the difference in functional traits between organisms. However, FD studies are often limited by the availability of trait data and FD indices are sensitive to data gaps. The distribution of species abundance and trait data, and its transformation, may further affect the accuracy of indices when data is incomplete. Using an existing approach, we simulated the effects of missing trait data by gradually removing data from a plant, an ant and a bird community dataset (12, 59, and 8 plots containing 62, 297 and 238 species respectively). We ranked plots by FD values calculated from full datasets and then from our increasingly incomplete datasets and compared the ranking between the original and virtually reduced datasets to assess the accuracy of FD indices when used on datasets with increasingly missing data. Finally, we tested the accuracy of FD indices with and without data transformation, and the effect of missing trait data per plot or per the whole pool of species. FD indices became less accurate as the amount of missing data increased, with the loss of accuracy depending on the index. But, where transformation improved the normality of the trait data, FD values from incomplete datasets were more accurate than before transformation. The distribution of data and its transformation are therefore as important as data completeness and can even mitigate the effect of missing data. Since the effect of missing trait values pool-wise or plot-wise depends on the data distribution, the method should be decided case by case. Data distribution and data transformation should be given more careful consideration when designing, analysing and interpreting FD studies, especially where trait data are missing. To this end, we provide the R package "traitor" to facilitate assessments of missing trait data.
Spiders are a highly diversified group of arthropods and play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems as ubiquitous predators, which makes them a suitable group to test a variety of eco-evolutionary hypotheses. For this purpose, knowledge of a diverse range of species traits is required. Until now, data on spider traits have been scattered across thousands of publications produced for over two centuries and written in diverse languages. To facilitate access to such data, we developed an online database for archiving and accessing spider traits at a global scale. The database has been designed to accommodate a great variety of traits (e.g. ecological, behavioural and morphological) measured at individual, species or higher taxonomic levels. Records are accompanied by extensive metadata (e.g. location and method). The database is curated by an expert team, regularly updated and open to any user. A future goal of the growing database is to include all published and unpublished data on spider traits provided by experts worldwide and to facilitate broad cross-taxon assays in functional ecology and comparative biology. Database URL:https://spidertraits.sci.muni.cz/.
- MeSH
- členovci * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- faktografické databáze MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- pavouci * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Problém: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) patří k nejčastěji užívaným nástrojům na měření úzkosti a úzkostnosti v klinické a výzkumné oblasti. Je vystavěný na dvou dotaznících, které měří aktuální stav (úzkost, část X-1) a rys (úzkostnost, část X-2). Na základě údajů získaných ve studii EPIA (Novotný et al., 2006) autoři zkoumali psychometrické vlastnosti dotazníku na měření úzkostnost STAI X-2 a navrhli nové normy. Metoda: Dotazník, který měří úzkostnost, použili autoři v epidemiologické studii vybraných úzkostných poruch u dospělé slovenské populace EPIA (N=1251). Data analyzovali standardními uni-, bi- a multivariačními statistickými metodami. Na základě údajů získaných ve studii EPIA analyzovali psychometrické vlastnosti dotazníku na měření úzkostnosti STAI X-2 a navrhli nové normy. Výsledky: Průměrné hodnoty skóru v STAI X-2 byly oproti původní slovenské standardizaci nižší. Podobně jako v původní standardizaci autoři zjistili významně vyšší skór ve STAI X-2 u žen. Položková reliabilita se pohybovala od 0,25 do 0,66, alfa reliabilita byla uspokojivá (0,85 a 0,88). Kongenerické faktorové analýzy podpořily Spielbergerova tvrzení o jednofaktorovosti konstruktu úzkostnosti s výhradou poměrně nízkého procenta vysvětlené variance. Kromě norem založených na distribuci skóru autoři orientačně navrhli kategorizaci míry úzkostnosti založenou na třech hladinách. Z hlediska souběžné validity je možné tvrdit, že vysoká míra úzkostnosti souvisí se zvýšeným rizikem výskytu jiných psychologických či zdravotních problémů. Diskuse: V diskusi autoři provádí rozbor zjištění, které srovnávají s psychometrickými výzkumy STAI jiných autorů. Závěr: I nová zjištění potvrzují, že STAI X-2 je použitelný pro oblast výzkumu i praxe s uvědoměním si základů jeho konstrukce (empirické klíče). Restandardizované normy více odrážejí distribuci skóru v dospělé populaci.
Dotazník hodnocení intenzity chuti po jídle umožňuje posouzení alimentárního chování jedince. Extrémní stravovací vzorce jsou typické pro osoby s poruchami příjmu potravy, z toho důvodu může být dostupnost vhodného nástroje pro měření intenzity bažení po jídle významným faktorem pro diagnostiku i stanovení vhodného postupu léčby poruch výživy. Cílem naší studie bylo ověřit reliabilitu české verze dotazníku General-Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T), který byl do češtiny přeložen M. Světlákem a M. Černíkem. Pro ověření stability dotazníku v čase byl použit třítýdenní časový odstup testu a retestu, stejný jako aplikovali autoři originálního dotazníku. Výzkumný soubor byl tvořen 391 vysokoškolskými studenty (157 mužů a 234 žen) ve věku 18–21 let. Analýza dat prokázala velmi dobrou vnitřní konzistenci dotazníku, Cronbachův koeficient alfa pro hrubé skóre činil 0,93, a dobrou míru stability v čase, test-retestová reliabilita po 3 týdnech byla 0,82. Česká verze dotazníku G-FCQ-T má tedy velice dobrou stabilitu v čase i vnitřní konzistenci. Dotazník je vhodný pro použití v českém prostředí ve výzkumu i v klinické praxi.
A questionnaire evaluating the intensity of food craving allows assessing the alimentary behaviour. Extreme eating patterns are typical of people with eating disorders; therefore the availability of suitable tools for measuring the intensity of food cravings could be an important factor for the diagnosis and determining of the appropriate treatment procedure for eating disorders. The aim of the study was to verify the specific and generic reliability of the Czech version of General-Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (G-FCQ-T) which was translated into Czech by M. Světlák and M. Černík. A three-week interval of test and retest reliability was chosen, the same time as the authors of original questionnaire applied. The research sample consisted of 391 university students (157 men and 234 women) aged 18–21 years. The data analysis showed a very good internal consistency of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 for total score; and a good stability over time, the test-retest reliability was 0.82 after 3 weeks. Therefore, the Czech version of the questionnaire G-FCQ-T has a very good specific and generic reliability. The questionnaire is useful both for the research and the clinical practice in the Czech environment.
- Klíčová slova
- standardizace dotazníku,
- MeSH
- chuť k jídlu * MeSH
- craving * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- osobnostní dotazník normy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky * normy MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- validační studie MeSH
Agriculture requires a second green revolution to provide increased food, fodder, fiber, fuel and soil fertility for a growing population while being more resilient to extreme weather on finite land, water, and nutrient resources. Advances in phenomics, genomics and environmental control/sensing can now be used to directly select yield and resilience traits from large collections of germplasm if software can integrate among the technologies. Traits could be Captured throughout development and across environments from multi-dimensional phenotypes, by applying Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to identify causal genes and background variation and functional structural plant models (FSPMs) to predict plant growth and reproduction in target environments. TraitCapture should be applicable to both controlled and field environments and would allow breeders to simulate regional variety trials to pre-select for increased productivity under challenging environments.
Cyprinids are the most highly produced group of fishes globally, with common carp being one of the most valuable species of the group. Koi herpesvirus (KHV) infections can result in high levels of mortality, causing major economic losses, and is listed as a notifiable disease by the World Organization for Animal Health. Selective breeding for host resistance has the potential to reduce morbidity and losses due to KHV. Therefore, improving knowledge about host resistance and methods of incorporating genomic data into breeding for resistance may contribute to a decrease in economic losses in carp farming. In the current study, a population of 1,425 carp juveniles, originating from a factorial cross between 40 sires and 20 dams was challenged with KHV. Mortalities and survivors were recorded and sampled for genotyping by sequencing using Restriction Site-Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Genome-wide association analyses were performed to investigate the genetic architecture of resistance to KHV. A genome-wide significant QTL affecting resistance to KHV was identified on linkage group 44, explaining approximately 7% of the additive genetic variance. Pooled whole genome resequencing of a subset of resistant (n = 60) and susceptible animals (n = 60) was performed to characterize QTL regions, including identification of putative candidate genes and functional annotation of associated polymorphisms. The TRIM25 gene was identified as a promising positional and functional candidate within the QTL region of LG 44, and a putative premature stop mutation in this gene was discovered.
- MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
- Herpesviridae MeSH
- herpetické infekce genetika veterinární MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- kapři genetika MeSH
- lokus kvantitativního znaku MeSH
- nemoci ryb genetika MeSH
- odolnost vůči nemocem genetika MeSH
- rybí proteiny genetika MeSH
- TRIM protein genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Background: In Greek scientific literature, no other studies using emotional intelligence as a personal trait were found. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the validity and reliability of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Form in a Greek educational context. The internal consistency as well as the levels of emotional intelligence, along with the gender as a factor that differentiates emotional intelligence have also been examined. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 306 (for exploratory factor analysis) and 415 (for confirmatory factor analysis) students who attended the 7th, 8th, and 9th grades of high school. The selection of the sample was randomly performed. The scale consists of 30 questions and four factors. The statistical analysis of the data included descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis using Cronbach's α and discriminant/convergent validity, and t-test for independent samples. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the hypothesized model produced a significant χ2 (1026.58), normed fit index (.96) and comparative fit index (.97). The root mean square error of approximation (.78) was also considered to assess the degree extent to which the model of fit of. Composite reliability (≥ .948) and average variance extracted (≥ .751) of all dimensions of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Form demonstrated an acceptable reliability coefficient. Conclusions: From the analysis of the results, we came to the following conclusions. The Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire - Short Form constitutes an instrument credible enough to measure the emotional intelligence of high school male and female students. Gender is a differentiation factor for Total emotional intelligence, Self-control, and Well-being factors.
- MeSH
- analýza dat MeSH
- emoční inteligence * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pohlaví MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychická pohoda psychologie MeSH
- sebekontrola psychologie MeSH
- studenti psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Řecko MeSH
Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is described as a motor skill disorder characterized by a marked impairment in the development of motor coordination abilities that significantly interferes with performance of daily activities and/or academic achievement. Since some electrophysiological studies suggest differences between children with/without motor development problems, we prepared an experimental protocol and performed electrophysiological experiments with the aim of making a step toward a possible diagnosis of this disorder using the event-related potentials (ERP) technique. The second aim is to properly annotate the obtained raw data with relevant metadata and promote their long-term sustainability. Results: The data from 32 school children (16 with possible DCD and 16 in the control group) were collected. Each dataset contains raw electroencephalography (EEG) data in the BrainVision format and provides sufficient metadata (such as age, gender, results of the motor test, and hearing thresholds) to allow other researchers to perform analysis. For each experiment, the percentage of ERP trials damaged by blinking artifacts was estimated. Furthermore, ERP trials were averaged across different participants and conditions, and the resulting plots are included in the manuscript. This should help researchers to estimate the usability of individual datasets for analysis. Conclusions: The aim of the whole project is to find out if it is possible to make any conclusions about DCD from EEG data obtained. For the purpose of further analysis, the data were collected and annotated respecting the current outcomes of the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility Program on Standards for Data Sharing, the Task Force on Electrophysiology, and the group developing the Ontology for Experimental Neurophysiology. The data with metadata are stored in the EEG/ERP Portal.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- datové kurátorství MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- evokované potenciály MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- poruchy motorických dovedností diagnóza MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- software MeSH
- světelná stimulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The processes causing the latitudinal gradient in species richness remain elusive. Ecological theories for the origin of biodiversity gradients, such as competitive exclusion, neutral dynamics, and environmental filtering, make predictions for how functional diversity should vary at the alpha (within local assemblages), beta (among assemblages), and gamma (regional pool) scales. We test these predictions by quantifying hypervolumes constructed from functional traits representing major axes of plant strategy variation (specific leaf area, plant height, and seed mass) in tree assemblages spanning the temperate and tropical New World. Alpha-scale trait volume decreases with absolute latitude and is often lower than sampling expectation, consistent with environmental filtering theory. Beta-scale overlap decays with geographic distance fastest in the temperate zone, again consistent with environmental filtering theory. In contrast, gamma-scale trait space shows a hump-shaped relationship with absolute latitude, consistent with no theory. Furthermore, the overall temperate trait hypervolume was larger than the overall tropical hypervolume, indicating that the temperate zone permits a wider range of trait combinations or that niche packing is stronger in the tropical zone. Although there are limitations in the data, our analyses suggest that multiple processes have shaped trait diversity in trees, reflecting no consistent support for any one theory.
