Kazuistika uvádí případ 46letého muže, aktivního sportovce (vytrvalostního běžce), který přichází k vyloučení zátěží indukované bronchokonstrikce. Při spiroergometrii byly zjištěny signifikantní deprese ST segmentu na EKG křivce. Prezentujeme výsledky vyšetření a další postup, který následoval po zjištění této život ohrožující skutečnosti.
The case report shows 46 years old man, active athlete (long-distance runner) who was tested for ruling out exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. ECG recording detected a significant depression of ST segment during spiroergometry. We present test results and procedures that followed after the detection of this life-threatening condition.
- MeSH
- Asthma diagnosis drug therapy MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Dyspnea * diagnosis MeSH
- Electrocardiography MeSH
- Fluticasone administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Coronary Angiography utilization MeSH
- Coronary Stenosis diagnosis drug therapy surgery rehabilitation MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Myocardial Revascularization MeSH
- Spirometry MeSH
- Exercise Test * methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Kardiogenní šok (KŠ) je závažný stav systémové hypoperfuze v důsledku poškození srdce jako pumpy, často vedoucí k multiorgánovému selhání. Nejčastější příčinou KŠ je selhání LK v důsledku rozsáhlého akutního infarktu myokardu (AIM), mezi další příčiny KŠ patří např. mechanické komplikace AIM, infarkt pravé komory, terminální fáze kardiomyopatií, arytmie, akutní fulminantní myokarditida a stavy po srdeční zástavě. Mortalita KŠ jako komplikace AIM je stále i přes časnou revaskularizaci kolem 50 %, a patří tak mezi hlavní příčiny úmrtí u nemocných s AIM. Každého nemocného se známkami KŠ je doporučeno přeložit do kardiocentra, umožňujícího okamžité provedení selektivní koronarografie a případné revaskularizace pomocí PCI po 24 hodin a se specializovanou intenzivní péčí o tyto nemocné s možností zavedení krátkodobé – akutní mechanické srdeční podpory (AMSP). Přestože se v léčbě nevyhneme použití inotropních a vazopresorických léků, jejich podávání po delší dobu vede k závažným nežádoucím důsledkům, jako je vznik komorových i síňových arytmií, zvýšení spotřeby kyslíku myokardem, přímý toxický efekt na kardiomyocyty a zhoršení přežívání. Z těchto důvodů narůstá použití krátkodobých, perkutánně zaváděných AMSP. Zatím nejasné zůstávají klíčové otázky jako načasování a klinický práh pro zavedení AMSP, výběr nemocných a výběr typu podpory k ovlivnění mortality. Zkušenosti s časnějším použitím MSP u nemocných v terminálním stadiu chronického srdečního selhání, které vedlo ke zlepšení jejich přežívání, podporují tuto úvahu i u nemocných s KŠ v důsledku AIM. Vytvoření specializovaného týmu odborníků pro léčbu KŠ s multioborovou organizací je dobrým předpokladem racionální léčby a lepších výsledků, podobně jako u jiných životohrožujících stavů.
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a serious condition of systemic hypoperfusion due to impaired cardiac pump function, often resulting inmultiple organ failure. The most common cause of CS is left ventricular failure resulting from extensive acute myocardial infarction(AMI); other causes of CS include mechanical complications of AMI, right ventricular infarction, terminal-stage cardiomyopathy,arrhythmias, acute fulminant myocarditis, and post-cardiac arrest states. Despite early revascularization, the mortality of CS asa complication of AMI remains to be around 50%, making it one of the leading causes of death among the patients with AMI.Every patient with signs and symptoms of CS should be transferred to a specialist heart centre, allowing to perform immediateselective coronary angiography and possible revascularization using PCI for 24 hours and having specialist intensive care forthese patients with a possibility to provide short-term acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS). Although the use of inotropicand vasopressor agents cannot be avoided, their long-term administration leads to severe adverse consequences, includingthe development of both ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, direct toxic effect oncardiomyocytes, and worse survival. For these reasons, the use of short-term percutaneous AMCS has been increasing. The issueof timing and of the most suitable type of this support in order to affect mortality remains unclear so far. Experience with an earlyuse of MCS in patients with terminal stage of chronic heart failure that resulted in improved survival also supports this notion inthose with CS due to AMI. The development of a specialized team of experts for the management of CS with a multidisciplinaryorganization is a reasonable condition for rational treatment and better outcomes, as in other life-threatening conditions.
- MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular utilization MeSH
- Myocardial Infarction * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Cardiac Care Facilities * organization & administration trends utilization MeSH
- Shock, Cardiogenic * diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Cardiovascular Agents administration & dosage classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods trends utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
- Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
- Heart-Assist Devices trends utilization MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Heart Failure diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Bisoprolol administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Chest Pain MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Electrocardiography utilization MeSH
- Cardiomyopathies * diagnosis etiology drug therapy MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques MeSH
- Coronary Angiography utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Ramipril administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Troponin analysis blood MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Keywords
- hodnocení viability levé srdeční komory myokardu,
- MeSH
- Electrocardiography methods utilization MeSH
- Ergometry methods drug effects MeSH
- Gamma Cameras trends utilization MeSH
- Myocardial Ischemia diagnosis etiology physiopathology MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nuclear Medicine * methods trends MeSH
- Radiopharmaceuticals classification MeSH
- Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography * methods utilization MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Exercise Test methods utilization MeSH
- Myocardial Perfusion Imaging * methods trends utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Takotsubo syndrom je akutní a obvykle reverzibilní syndrom srdečního selhání. Klinicky k nerozeznání imituje akutní koronární syndrom s nebo bez elevací úseku ST na elektrokardiogramu. Je charakterizován akutní poruchou myokardiální kontraktility většinou apikální části levé srdeční komory při absenci okluzivní koronární nemoci. Tvoří 1–2 % pacientů přijatých pro akutní koronární syndrom. Jeho prognóza je velmi dobrá a během několika týdnů dochází ke kompletní úpravě kontraktility levé srdeční komory. Etiologie je neznámá a léčba symptomatická. Může být komplikován tranzientní dynamickou obstrukcí ve výtokovém traktu levé komory, oběhovou nestabilitou a dysrytmiemi. Vzácně vede ke smrti. Prezentujeme případ pacientky s takotsubo syndromem s přechodným extrémně vysokým gradientem ve výtokovém traktu levé komory a s kompletním zotavením.
Takotsubo syndrome is presented by acute heart failure and looks like acute coronary syndrome and truly mimics its clinical and ECG features. It is characterised by transient contractility disorder of mostly apical part of left ventricle without any presence of occlusive coronary disease. It is found in 1–2 % patients admitted to the hospital care for acute coronary syndrome. Prognosis is very excellent within complete recovery of left ventricle in several weeks. The etiology is unknown and therapy just symptomatic. Transient dynamic obstruction of left ventricle output tract can be sometimes present as well as hemodynamic instability and arrhythmias. Death was rarely described. We introduce a case of takotsubo syndrome complicated by extreme high transient gradient in left ventricle output tract followed complete recovery in short time.
- MeSH
- Anti-Anxiety Agents pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Echocardiography utilization MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques MeSH
- Coronary Angiography utilization MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Stress, Psychological MeSH
- Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy * diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Keywords
- fyziologická regulační medicína,
- MeSH
- Angioplasty methods utilization MeSH
- Cholesterol isolation & purification adverse effects MeSH
- Chronic Disease prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Cytokines therapeutic use MeSH
- Cardiovascular Diseases * etiology complications therapy MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stress, Psychological prevention & control MeSH
- Heart Failure * prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Inflammation * complications prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
Článek přehledně shrnuje současný pohled na diagnostiku a léčbu stabilních forem ischemické choroby srdeční (ICHS). Pojem stabilní angina pectoris zahrnuje onemocnění řady pacientů, kteří jsou léčeni stejnými postupy, přestože jejich riziko pro vznik závažných kardiálních příhod je velmi rozdílné. Hlavním ukazatelem míry tohoto rizika je rozsah myokardiální ischémie. Proto je třeba všechny pacienty stratifikovat podle tohoto rizika (provedením selektivní koronarografie či zátěžové scintigrafie myokardu) a v případě, že rozsah ischémie přesahuje 10 % myokardu, je nutno volit spíše intervenční či chirurgickou léčbu. Ve farmakoterapii je třeba používat kombinace všech kategorií léčiv ovlivňujících ischémii myokardu. Jde o skupiny léčiv, jež zvyšují dodávku kyslíku do myokardu (nitráty, beta‑blokátory, dihydropyridiny), snižují spotřebu kyslíku v myokardu (beta‑blokátory, ivabradin, verapamil) či optimalizují metabolismus ischemického myokardu (trimetazidin). Tato léčba ischémie myokardu musí být doplněna léky ovlivňujícími koronární aterosklerózu (statiny) a snižujícími riziko vzniku intrakoronární trombózy (antiagregace).
This overview describes diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the stable forms of coronary artery disease. Label “stable” has been used for many patients with a different risk of development of major adverse cardiac events. Main predictor of such events is the extent of myocardial ischemia. Therefore it is necessary to stratify all stable patients according to this marker in conservative treatment. Interventional and surgical therapy should be chosen if the extent of myocardial ischemia is more than 10% of all myocardial mass. All types of conservative treatment influencing myocardial ischemia should be used. It means the drugs increasing myocardial perfusion (nitrates, beta‑blockers, dihydropyridines), decreasing myocardial oxygen consumption (beta‑blockers, ivabradine, verapamil) and improving metabolism of ischemic myocardium (trimetazidine). This kind of therapy should be combined with the drugs that can influence coronary atherosclerosis (statins) and decrease the risk of intracoronary thrombosis (antiaggregation).
- Keywords
- duální antiagregace, přerušení antikoagulační léčby,
- MeSH
- Angioplasty methods utilization MeSH
- Anticoagulants administration & dosage pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Aspirin administration & dosage pharmacology adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Calcium Channel Blockers administration & dosage pharmacology therapeutic use MeSH
- Electrocardiography standards statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Electric Stimulation Therapy methods utilization MeSH
- Risk Assessment MeSH
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Myocardial Ischemia * diagnosis etiology drug therapy classification complications physiopathology prevention & control MeSH
- Clinical Trials as Topic MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods utilization MeSH
- Coronary Artery Bypass methods utilization MeSH
- Hemorrhage chemically induced MeSH
- Drug Interactions MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
- Anti-Ulcer Agents administration & dosage pharmacology contraindications therapeutic use MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Practice Guidelines as Topic MeSH
- Sympathectomy, Chemical methods utilization MeSH
- Trimetazidine administration & dosage pharmacology contraindications adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Vasodilator Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Exercise Test MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Keywords
- studie PROMISE, studie PEGASUS,
- MeSH
- Adenosine analogs & derivatives adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Aspirin administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Chest Pain * diagnosis epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Myocardial Infarction prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Cardiology * methods organization & administration trends MeSH
- Clinical Trials as Topic * MeSH
- Drug Therapy, Combination methods utilization MeSH
- Congresses as Topic MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods statistics & numerical data utilization MeSH
- Hemorrhage complications prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods trends MeSH
- Secondary Prevention MeSH
- Serine Endopeptidases therapeutic use MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Ticlopidine administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement methods utilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- MeSH
- Angina Pectoris * diagnosis drug therapy complications MeSH
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Bradycardia diagnosis MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus prevention & control therapy MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Dyslipidemias drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Echocardiography methods utilization MeSH
- Electrocardiography methods utilization MeSH
- Ventricular Function, Left physiology drug effects MeSH
- Hypertension * drug therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Hypotension diagnosis MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods utilization MeSH
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention * methods adverse effects MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Obesity complications MeSH
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug-Eluting Stents utilization MeSH
- Trimetazidine administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The study sought to evaluate the relationship between procedural volume and outcomes with radial and femoral approach. BACKGROUND: RIVAL (RadIal Vs. femorAL) was a randomized trial of radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography/intervention (N = 7,021), which overall did not show a difference in primary outcome of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or non-coronary artery bypass graft major bleeding. METHODS: In pre-specified subgroup analyses, the hazard ratios for the primary outcome were compared among centers divided by tertiles and among individual operators. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the independent effect of center and operator volumes after adjusting for other variables. RESULTS: In high-volume radial centers, the primary outcome was reduced with radial versus femoral access (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28 to 0.87) but not in intermediate- (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.72) or low-volume centers (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.31; interaction p = 0.021). High-volume centers enrolled a higher proportion of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). After adjustment for STEMI, the benefit of radial access persisted at high-volume radial centers. There was no difference in the primary outcome between radial and femoral access by operator volume: high-volume operators (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.28), intermediate (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.60 to 1.27), and low (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.65; interaction p = 0.536). However, in a multivariable model, overall center volume and radial center volume were independently associated with the primary outcome but not femoral center volume (overall percutaneous coronary intervention volume HR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88 to 0.96; radial volume HR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.97; and femoral volume HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.07; p = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Procedural volume and expertise are important, particularly for radial percutaneous coronary intervention. (A Trial of Trans-radial Versus Trans-femoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [PCI] Access Site Approach in Patients With Unstable Angina or Myocardial Infarction Managed With an Invasive Strategy [RIVAL]; NCT01014273).
- MeSH
- Acute Coronary Syndrome radiography surgery MeSH
- Femoral Artery MeSH
- Radial Artery MeSH
- Coronary Angiography methods utilization MeSH
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Catheterization, Peripheral methods utilization MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH