Gambling encompasses a wide variety of activities, and the structural characteristics of each form contribute to its potential risk. However, the literature does not fully agree on the risk levels of certain gambling forms. In this study, we classify less risky gambling forms (soft forms) based on public perceptions of their riskiness. We examine the link between gambling experience and problem gambling prevalence. A survey was conducted in a model region of the Czech Republic, a post-socialist country with high gambling availability, with N = 2,498 respondents. A typology of gambling forms (lotteries, betting, and casino games) was created based on perceived risk similarities. Lotteries are the most frequently played gambling form, with 86.3% reporting lifetime participation. Among those who exclusively engage in lottery-type forms, 15 percentage points more women than men participated in the last year, and the gap widens to 31 points over a lifetime. Forms of gambling perceived as more risky show a lower proportion of non-problem gamblers, both for recent and lifetime participation. Furthermore, individuals who gambled within the past month or year are at higher risk of developing gambling problems compared to those whose gambling experiences were less recent.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hráčství * psychologie   klasifikace   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• návykové chování * psychologie   epidemiologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• riskování * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The distribution of time across physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep appears to be essential for the management of obesity. However, the impact of reallocating time among these behaviors, collectively known as 24-h movement behaviors, remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study examines the theoretical effects of reallocating time between 24-h movement behaviors on obesity indicators across different age groups. METHODS: We performed a pooled data meta-analysis of 9818 participants from 11 observational and experimental studies. To estimate the time spent in movement behaviors, we reprocessed and harmonized individual-level raw accelerometer-derived data. Isotemporal substitution models estimated theoretical changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) associated with time reallocation between movement behaviors. We performed the analysis separately for children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. RESULTS: Even minor reallocations of 10 min led to significant changes in obesity indicators, with pronounced effects observed when 30 min were reallocated. The most substantial adverse effects on BMI and WC occurred when moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was reallocated to other movement behaviors. For 30-min reallocations, the largest increase in BMI (or BMI z-score for children) occurred when MVPA was reallocated to light-intensity physical activity (LPA) in children (0.26 units, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15, 0.37) and to sedentary behavior (SB) in adults (0.72 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.47, 0.96) and older adults (0.73 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.59, 0.87). The largest increase in WC was observed when MVPA was substituted with LPA in adults (2.66 cm, 95% CI 1.42, 3.90) and with SB in older adults (2.43 cm, 95% CI 2.07, 2.79). Conversely, the highest magnitude of the decrease in obesity indicators was observed when SB was substituted with MVPA. Specifically, substituting 30 min of SB with MVPA was associated with a decrease in BMI z-score by - 0.15 units (95% CI - 0.21, - 0.10) in children and lower BMI by - 0.56 kg/m2 (95% CI - 0.74, - 0.39) in adults and by - 0.52 kg/m2 (95% CI - 0.61, - 0.43) in older adults. Reallocating time away from sleep and LPA showed several significant changes but lacked a consistent pattern. While the predicted changes in obesity indicators were generally consistent across age groups, inconsistent findings were observed in adolescents, particularly for reallocations between MVPA and other behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation emphasizes the crucial role of MVPA in mitigating obesity risk across the lifespan, and the benefit of substituting SB with low-intensity movement behaviors. The distinct patterns observed in adolescents suggest a need for age-specific lifestyle interventions to effectively address obesity. Emphasizing manageable shifts, such as 10-min reallocations, could have significant public health implications, promoting sustainable lifestyle changes that accommodate individuals with diverse needs, including those with severe obesity.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• léčba obezity * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita * MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánek MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

BACKGROUND: Various explicit screening tools, developed mostly in central Europe and the USA, assist clinicians in optimizing medication use for older adults. The Turkish Inappropriate Medication use in oldEr adults (TIME) criteria set, primarily based on the STOPP/START criteria set, is a current explicit tool originally developed for Eastern Europe and subsequently validated for broader use in Central European settings. Reviewed every three months to align with the latest scientific literature, it is one of the most up-to-date tools available. The tool is accessible via a free mobile app and website platforms, ensuring convenience for clinicians and timely integration of updates as needed. Healthcare providers often prefer to use their native language in medical practice, highlighting the need for prescribing tools to be translated and adapted into multiple languages to promote optimal medication practices. OBJECTIVE: To describe the protocol for cross-cultural and language validation of the TIME criteria in various commonly used languages and to outline its protocol for clinical validation across different healthcare settings. METHODS: The TIME International Study Group comprised 24 geriatric pharmacotherapy experts from 12 countries. In selecting the framework for the study, we reviewed the steps and outcomes from previous research on cross-cultural adaptations and clinical validations of explicit tools. Assessment tools were selected based on both their validity in accurately addressing the relevant issues and their feasibility for practical implementation. The drafted methodology paper was circulated among the study group members for feedback and revisions leading to a final consensus. RESULTS: The research methodology consists of two phases. Cross-cultural adaptation/language validation phase follows the 8-step approach recommended by World Health Organization. This phase allows regions or countries to make modifications to existing criteria or introduce new adjustments based on local prescribing practices and available medications, as long as these adjustments are supported by current scientific evidence. The second phase involves the clinical validation, where participants will be randomized into two groups. The control group will receive standard care, while the intervention group will have their treatment evaluated by clinicians who will review the TIME criteria and consider its recommendations. A variety of patient outcomes (i.e., number of hospital admissions, quality of life, number of regular medications [including over the counter medications], geriatric syndromes and mortality) in different healthcare settings will be investigated. CONCLUSION: The outputs of this methodological report are expected to promote broader adoption of the TIME criteria. Studies building on this work are anticipated to enhance the identification and management of inappropriate medication use and contribute to improved patient outcomes.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nevhodné předepisování statistika a číselné údaje   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• seznam potenciálně nevhodných léčiv * MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.SEQUOIA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03336333) is a phase III, randomized, open-label trial that compared the oral Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib to bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) in treatment-naïve patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). The initial prespecified analysis (median follow-up, 26.2 months) and subsequent analysis (43.7 months) found superior progression-free survival (PFS; the primary end point) in patients who received zanubrutinib compared with BR. At a median follow-up of 61.2 months, median PFS was not reached in zanubrutinib-treated patients; median PFS was 44.1 months in BR-treated patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; one-sided P = .0001). Prolonged PFS was seen with zanubrutinib versus BR in patients with mutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) genes (HR, 0.40; one-sided P = .0003) and unmutated IGHV genes (HR, 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.33]; one-sided P < .0001). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either treatment arm; estimated 60-month OS rates were 85.8% and 85.0% in zanubrutinib- and BR-treated patients, respectively. No new safety signals were detected. Adverse events were as expected with zanubrutinib; rate of atrial fibrillation was 7.1%. At a median follow-up of 61.2 months, the results supported the initial SEQUOIA findings and suggested that zanubrutinib was a favorable treatment option for untreated patients with CLL/SLL.

• MeSH
• bendamustin hydrochlorid * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chronická lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie   mortalita   MeSH
• doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• piperidiny terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie * terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pyrazoly * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pyrimidiny * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rituximab * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Due to methodological reasons, the X-chromosome has not been featured in the major genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer's Disease (AD). To address this and better characterize the genetic landscape of AD, we performed an in-depth X-Chromosome-Wide Association Study (XWAS) in 115,841 AD cases or AD proxy cases, including 52,214 clinically-diagnosed AD cases, and 613,671 controls. We considered three approaches to account for the different X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) states in females, i.e. random XCI, skewed XCI, and escape XCI. We did not detect any genome-wide significant signals (P ≤ 5 × 10-8) but identified seven X-chromosome-wide significant loci (P ≤ 1.6 × 10-6). The index variants were common for the Xp22.32, FRMPD4, DMD and Xq25 loci, and rare for the WNK3, PJA1, and DACH2 loci. Overall, this well-powered XWAS found no genetic risk factors for AD on the non-pseudoautosomal region of the X-chromosome, but it identified suggestive signals warranting further investigations.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * genetika   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie metody   MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• inaktivace chromozomu X genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy X * genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Wilson disease (WD) primarily presents with hepatic and neurological symptoms. While hepatic symptoms typically precede the neurological manifestations, copper accumulates in the brain already in this patient group and leads to subclinical brain MRI abnormalities including T2 hyperintensities and atrophy. This study aimed to assess brain morphological changes in mild hepatic WD. WD patients without a history of neurologic symptoms and decompensated cirrhosis and control participants underwent brain MRI at 3T scanner including high-resolution T1-weighted images. A volumetric evaluation was conducted on the following brain regions: nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, midbrain, pons, cerebellar gray matter, white matter (WM), and superior peduncle, using Freesurfer v7 software. Whole-brain analyses using voxel- and surface-based morphometry were performed using SPM12. Statistical comparisons utilized a general linear model adjusted for total intracranial volume, age, and sex. Twenty-six WD patients with mild hepatic form (30 ± 9 years [mean age ± SD]); 11 women; mean treatment duration 13 ± 12 (range 0-42) years and 28 healthy controls (33 ± 9 years; 15 women) were evaluated. Volumetric analysis revealed a significantly smaller pons volume and a trend for smaller midbrain and cerebellar WM in WD patients compared to controls. Whole-brain analysis revealed regions of reduced volume in the pons, cerebellar, and lobar WM in the WD group. No significant differences in gray matter density or cortical thickness were found. Myelin or WM in general seems vulnerable to low-level copper toxicity, with WM volume loss showing promise as a marker for assessing brain involvement in early WD stages.

• MeSH
• bílá hmota patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hepatolentikulární degenerace * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• játra patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating intestinal diseases observed in preterm in the first days of life. Researchers have recently focused on potential predictive biomarkers for early and concomitant diagnoses. Thus, we inquired about the linkage of intestinal dysbiosis, one of the most important factors in NEC development to the gut microbiota. In this study, the systematic differences in the bacterial composition between neonates affected by NEC and healthy newborns were highlighted by metagenomic analysis. The next-generation sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene and gene-specific qPCR analyzed the untargeted gut microbiota. Total bacteria, total and fecal coliform loads in stool samples with NEC were higher than control. OTU-level relative abundances of NEC infant was characterized by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at phylum levels. At the genus level, NEC stool was identified by the lack of Klebsiella and the presence of Roseburia, Blautia, and Parasutterella. Finally, Clostridium fessum was the predominant species of Clostridium genus in disease and healthy specimens at the species level, whereas Clostridium jeddahitimonense was at NEC diagnosis. Despite a strong relationship between pathophysiology and characterization of gut microbiota at a clinical diagnosis of NEC, our results emphasize the broad difficulty in identifying potential biomarkers.

• MeSH
• Bacteria * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• dysbióza mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metagenomika MeSH
• nekrotizující enterokolitida * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec nedonošený MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study deals with the comprehensive phytochemical composition and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 of acidic (non-decarboxylated) and neutral (decarboxylated) ethanolic extracts from seven high-cannabidiol (CBD) and two high-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) Cannabis sativa L. genotypes. Their secondary metabolite profiles, phytocannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, were determined by LC-UV, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS analyses, respectively. All three secondary metabolite profiles, cannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, varied significantly among cannabinoid extracts of different genotypes. The dose-response analyses of their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 showed that only the single predominant phytocannabinoids (CBD or THC) of the neutral extracts exhibited antiviral activity (all IC50 < 10.0 μM). The correlation matrix between phytoconstituent levels and antiviral activity revealed that the phenolic acids, salicylic acid and its glucoside, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, and two flavonoids, abietin, and luteolin, in different cannabinoid extracts from high-CBD genotypes are implicated in the genotype-distinct antagonistic effects on the predominant phytocannabinoid. On the other hand, these analyses also suggested that the other phytocannabinoids and the flavonoid orientin can enrich the extract's pharmacological profiles. Thus, further preclinical studies on cannabinoid extract formulations with adjusted non-phytocannabinoid compositions are warranted to develop supplementary antiviral treatments.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Cannabis * chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol chemie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Initiation of newborn screening (NBS) programs in Europe dates back to the 1960s. One of the most recent expansions of NBS programs was the addition of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) based on detection of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). In this review, we present an overview of the current situation in Europe. To avoid a biased overview based on only published results, a 37-item survey on TREC-based NBS was sent to representatives of 46 European countries. With a response rate of 83%, we collected data of 38 countries. Seventeen of the 38 European countries that have completed the survey have nationally or regionally implemented TREC-based NBS. The survey results emphasize similarities and differences as well as common practices and challenges in TREC-based NBS. Because TRECs are a general surrogate marker for severe T lymphocytopenia, conditions other than SCID are also identified. Therefore, the initial definition of the target disease as "SCID" might need to be reconsidered and extended to "SCID and severe T lymphocytopenia." Even though complete harmonization of TREC-based NBS programs across Europe will remain challenging, collaboration and close partnerships will help in the move toward universal TREC-based screening for all newborns, resulting in more infants with SCID and severe T lymphocytopenia being detected each year.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfopenie * imunologie   diagnóza   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• novorozenecký screening * MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk * genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• těžká kombinovaná imunodeficience * diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Yeasts are unicellular fungi that occur in a wide range of ecological niches, where they perform numerous functions. Furthermore, these microorganisms are used in industrial processes, food production, and bioremediation. Understanding the physiological and adaptive characteristics of yeasts is of great importance from ecological, biotechnological, and industrial perspectives. In this context, we evaluated the abilities to assimilate and ferment different carbon sources, to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and to tolerate salt stress, heavy metal stress, and UV-C radiation of two isolates of Eremothecium coryli, isolated from Momordica indica fruits. The two isolates were molecularly identified based on sequencing of the 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Our isolates were able to assimilate nine carbon sources (dextrose, galactose, mannose, cellobiose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, melezitose, and pectin) and ferment three (glucose, maltose, and sucrose). The highest values of cellular dry weight were observed in the sugars maltose, sucrose, and melezitose. We observed the presence of hyphae and pseudohyphae in all assimilated carbon sources. The two isolates were also capable of producing amylase, catalase, pectinase, and proteases, with the highest values of enzymatic activity found in amylase. Furthermore, the two isolates were able to grow in media supplemented with copper, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc and to tolerate saline stress in media supplemented with 5% NaCl. However, we observed a decrease in CFU at higher concentrations of these metals and NaCl. We also observed morphological changes in the presence of metals, which include changes in cell shape and cellular dimorphisms. The isolates were sensitive to UV-C radiation in the shortest exposure time (1 min). Our findings reinforce the importance of endophytic yeasts for biotechnological and industrial applications and also help to understand how these microorganisms respond to environmental variations caused by human activities.

• MeSH
• endofyty * izolace a purifikace   genetika   metabolismus   fyziologie   klasifikace   účinky záření   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fyziologický stres * MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
• ovoce * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Saccharomycetales * izolace a purifikace   genetika   fyziologie   metabolismus   účinky záření   klasifikace   MeSH
• těžké kovy toxicita   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH