Effect-based trigger value
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Background and Objectives Automatic detection of breathing disorders plays an important role in the early signalization of respiratory diseases. Measuring methods can be based on electrocardiogram (ECG), sound, oximetry, or respiratory analysis. However, these approaches require devices placed on the human body or they are prone to disturbance by environmental influences. To solve these problems, we proposed a heart contraction mechanical trigger for unobtrusive detection of respiratory disorders from the mechanical measurement of cardiac contractions. We designed a novel method to calculate this mechanical trigger purely from measured mechanical signals without the use of ECG. Methods The approach is a built-on calculation of the so-called euclidean arc length from the signals. In comparison to previous researches, this system does not require any equipment attached to a person. This is achieved by locating the tensometers on the bed. Data from sensors are fused by the Cartan curvatures method to beat-to-beat vector input for the Convolutional neural network (CNN) classifier. Results In sum, 2281 disordered and 5130 normal breathing samples was collected for analysis. The experiments with use of 10-fold cross validation show that accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity reach values of 96.37%, 92.46%, and 98.11% respectively. Conclusions By the approach for detection, the system offers a novel way for a completely unobtrusive diagnosis of breathing-related health problems. The proposed solution can effectively be deployed in all clinical or home environments.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- elektrokardiografie * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
- neuronové sítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: A core evaluation framework that captures the health care and societal benefits of value added medicines (VAMs, also often called repurposed medicines) was proposed in Report 1, aiming to reduce the heterogeneity in value assessment processes across countries and to create incentives for manufacturers to invest into incremental innovation. However, this can be impactful only if the framework can be adapted to heterogeneous health care financing systems in different jurisdictions, and the cost of evidence generation necessitated by the framework takes into account the anticipated benefits for the health care system and rewards for the developers. AREAS COVERED: The framework could potentially improve the pricing and reimbursement decisions of VAMs by adapting it to different country specific decision-contexts such as deliberative processes, augmented cost-effectiveness frameworks or formal multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); alternatively, some of its domains may be added to current general evaluation frameworks of medicines. The proposed evaluation framework may provide a starting point for practices based on which VAMs can be exempted from generic pricing mechanisms or can be integrated into the reimbursement and procurement system, allowing for price differentiation according to their added value. Besides evidence from RCTs, pricing and reimbursement decision processes of VAMs should allow for ex-ante non-RCT evidence for certain domains. Alternatively, relying on ex-post evidence agreements-such as outcome guarantee or coverage with evidence development-can also reduce decision uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: The core evaluation framework for VAMs could trigger changes in the existing pricing, reimbursement and procurement practices by improving the appraisal of the added value created by incremental innovation.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Úvod: Kolorektální karcinom (colorectal cancer – CRC) patří mezi nejčastější maligní onemocnění a právě středoevropské země včetně ČR vedou mezinárodní statistiky v jeho incidenci. Screening CRC má prokázaný potenciál snižovat mortalitu i incidenci tohoto onemocnění. Národní program screeningu kolorektálního karcinomu v ČR zahrnuje kolonoskopické vyšetření jako diagnostickou (pro vyšetření pacientů s pozitivním výsledkem TOKS – tzv. screeningová kolonoskopie – SK) nebo přímo screeningovou metodu (primární screeningová kolonoskopie – PSK). Cílem tohoto sdělení je prezentovat výsledky kolonoskopických vyšetření v českém screeningovém programu. Materiál a metody: Pro účely zajištění kvality je český program vybaven již od roku 2006 informačním systémem – Registrem screeningu kolorektálního karcinomu, který sbírá a vyhodnocuje údaje o preventivních kolonoskopiích prováděných v tzv. centrech pro screeningovou kolonoskopii. Pro hodnocení preventivních kolonoskopií v ČR se uplatňují zejm. indikátory kvality specifikované v dokumentu European Guidelines adaptované pro český program. Výsledky: Od roku 2006 bylo zaznamenáno přes 110 000 SK a téměř 20 000 PSK. Přibližně 95 % SK a téměř 98 % PSK bylo totálních, tedy zobrazujících celou sliznici tlustého střeva až k céku. Pozitivní prediktivní hodnota TOKS pro adenomy se v ČR průběžně mírně zvyšuje a v roce 2013 dosáhla 39,7 %. Detekční míra PSK pro adenomy se v porovnání s předchozími lety zvýšila a dosahovala hodnoty 27,3 %. CRC byl detekován u 3,7 % jedinců vyšetřených SK a 1,0 % jedinců vyšetřených PSK. Kontrola bezpečnosti programu je založena na monitoraci komplikací při kolonoskopii, kterých bylo od roku 2006 při diagnostickém výkonu celkem evidováno 0,03 % (perforace), při endoskopické polypektomii 0,12 % (perforace) a 0,73 % (krvácení). Závěr: Dosažené výsledky dokládají, že kvalita kolonoskopických vyšetření odpovídá mezinárodním standardům a není tedy překážkou dosažení příznivého dopadu screeningu na vysokou zátěž české populace CRC.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, and the Central European countries have the highest CRC burden worldwide. CRC screening has repeatedly been proven capable of decreasing CRC mortality and incidence rates. The nationwide Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme in the Czech Republic involves the colonoscopic examination as a diagnostic method (for patients with a positive FOBT result – screening colonoscopy – SC), or as a screening method (primary screening colonoscopy – PSC). The aim of this article is to present the results of colonoscopic examinations performed as part of the Czech screening programme. Material and Methods: For the purpose of quality assurance, the Czech programme has been equipped since 2006 with an information system called the Colorectal Cancer Screening Registry, which collects and evaluates data on preventive colonoscopies performed in the colonoscopy screening centres. Performance indicators, as specified in the European Guidelines (and adapted for the Czech programme), are employed to assess preventive colonoscopies performed in the Czech Republic. Results: Since 2006, more than 110,000 SCs and almost 20,000 PSCs were recorded. Approximately 95% of SCs and almost 98% of PSC were classified as total, i.e. examining the entire colonic mucosa up to the caecum. The positive predictive value of FOBT for adenomas has increased slightly and continuously over time, and was 39.7% in 2013. In PSC, the adenoma detection rate (ADR) has recently increased compared to previous years, and was 27.3% in 2013. CRC was detected in 3.7% of individuals undergoing an SC examination and in 1.0% of individuals undergoing a PSC examination. The programme safety is controlled based on the monitoring of complications during colonoscopies; these can occur either during diagnostic colonoscopy (perforation in 0.03% of cases since 2006) or during endoscopic polypectomy (perforation in 0.12% of cases, bleeding in 0.73% of cases since 2006). Conclusion: Our results confirm that the quality of colonoscopic examinations corresponds to the international standards and that this is not an obstacle to a positive impact of CRC screening on the Czech population, which has a high colorectal cancer burden. Key words: colorectal neoplasms – mass screening – colonoscopy – quality indicators – health care This study was supported by the project 36/14/NAP “Development and implementation of methodology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the programme of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 12. 9. 2014 Accepted: 17. 10. 2014
- MeSH
- adenom diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- karcinom diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- kolonoskopie * statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perforace střeva epidemiologie MeSH
- plošný screening * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- polypy tlustého střeva diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- primární prevence metody MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- sběr dat metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ukazatele kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cílem je prezentovat model mamografického screeningu, konfrontovat ho s prvními výsledky a upozornit na význam soustavného sledování časných ukazatelů kvality (early surrogate indicators). Byl využit model, ve kterém se stejně jako v systému pro jednotný sběr dat MaSc vychází ze systému BI-RADS TM American College of Radiology. Modelování efektivnosti a nákladů screeningu bylo provedeno na deseti vzorcích dat, označených D1-D3, B1-B3, S1-S4. Vzorky S1-S4 vycházejí z dat získaných na základě pilotních výsledků vybraných screeningových pracovišť. Náklady jednotlivých vyšetření byly modelovány podle úhrady VZP, ve variantě platné k 1. 4. 2003. Soubory D1-D3, B1-B3 vykazují podobný podíl žen zařazených do kategorie BI-RADS-0 d (potřeba dalších vyšetření), ale jsou zřejmé rozdíly ve skladbě doplňkových zobrazovacích vyšetření. Reálná data D3, B3 ve srovnání s kvalifikovanými odhady vykazují vyšší podíl provedených sonografických vyšetření. Objevil se také rozdílný metodický postup při zařazování do kategorií BI-RADS-1 a BIRADS-2 s odlišnou s kladbou u souborů skupiny D ve srovnání se soubory skupiny B, přitom společný procentní podíl součtu BI-RADS-1 a BI-RADS-2 je konstantní. Údaje ukazují vyšší podíl BI-RADS-3 proti původním odhadům. Záchyt malignit (cancer detection rate) kolísá mezi 0,41-1,7 % vyšetřených žen. Reálné průměrné náklady na jedno vyšetření jsou mezi 497 - 577 Kč, kvalifikované odhady se jeví v tomto parametru jako poněkud nadsazené. Je zřejmá poněkud vyšší nákladovost u souborů skupiny S proti souborům D3, B2 a B3. Lze ji vysvětlit nejspíše vyšším podílem UZ vyšetření. Skutečný diagnostický přínos zvýšeného podílu UZ vyšetření nelze zatím pro malý počet malignit hodnotit. Podíl následných vyšetření (recall rate) je ve všech našich modelech podstatně vyšší, než jsou doporučené hodnoty. Náklady na jednu pacientku ve screeningu jsou v České republice díky nízkému ohodnocení výkonů ve srovnání s okolními státy malé (asi 17 Euro). Získané indikátory kvality a efektivnosti BCS odrážejí pilotní stav BCS v době sběru těchto dat. Lze očekávat, že data sbíraná v reálném screeningu vVamci projektu MaSc budou vykazovat postupnou stabilizaci. První výsledky by měly být k dispozici již ve druhém pololetí roku 2004.
The aim of the paper is to present a model of mammography screening, confront it with the first results and to draw attention to the importance of continuous examination oLearly surrogate indicators. The authors used the model, which is based on the system BI-RADS TM of the American College of Radiology in the same way as the system of uniform data collection MaSc. The modeling of effectiveness and cost of the screening was performed in ten samples of data, named D1-D3, B1-B3, S1-S4. The S1-S4 samples come from data obtained on the basis of pilot results of selected screening workplaces. The cost of individual examinations was modeled according to payment of VZP (General Health Insurance Company) valid in April 1st , 2003. The D1-D3, B1-B3 groups display similar proportion of women classified into category BI-RADS-0 (further examinations needed), but there are apparent differences in the composition of supplementary imaging examinations. The real data D3, B3 in comparison with qualified estimates display a higher proportion of sonography examinations performed. Another method procedure emerged during classification into categories BI-RADS-1 and BI-RADS-2 with a different composition in the groups of the cohort D in comparison with the groups of the cohort B, while the common proportion in per cent of the sum BI-RADS-1 and BI-RADS-2 remains constant. The data indicate a high proportion of BI-RADS-3 against original estimates. The cancer detection rate is in the range of 0.41-1.7% of the examined women. The real mean cost of one examination in between 497 and 577 CKr, qualified estimates of this parameter appear to be excessive. There is apparent high cost in the groups of the cohort S in comparison with the groups D3, B2 and B3. It can be most probably explained by higher proportion of ultrasound examinations. The real diagnostic contribution of the increased proportion of ultrasonography examinations cannot be evaluated for the relatively low number of malignancies. The proportion of follow-up examinations (recall rate) is substantially higher in all our models than the recommended values. The cost of screening for one patient in the Czech Republic (about 17 Euro) is low in comparison with neighboring countries. The obtained indicators of quality and efficiency of BCS reflect the pilot condition of BCS at the time of the data collection. It may be expected that data collected in a real screening within the fi-amework of the MaSc project will display gradual stabilization. The first results should be available in the second half of 2004.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- ekonomické modely MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamografie MeSH
- nádory prsu ekonomika prevence a kontrola MeSH
- plošný screening etiologie metody MeSH
- ukazatele kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- směrnice MeSH
Úvod: Národní program screeningu karcinomu děložního hrdla v ČR byl zahájen v roce 2009. Cílem tohoto sdělení je popsat jeho výsledky v prvních letech po jeho transformaci v plnohodnotný organizovaný program. Materiál a metody: V průběhu prvních let byla stabilizována síť 37 akreditovaných laboratoří zajišťujících snadnou dostupnost vyšetření na celém území ČR. Cílovou skupinou, na kterou v současnosti cílí adresné zvaní, je sice populace žen 25–70 let, preventivní screeningové vyšetření je však hrazeno jedenkrát ročně i ženám mimo tento věkový interval. Program je vybaven informační podporou Institutu biostatistiky a analýz Masarykovy univerzity, který provozuje Registr screeningu karcinomu hrdla děložního. Výsledky: Incidence a mortalita rakoviny hrdla děložního v ČR v průběhu poslední dekády znatelně klesá. Do konce roku 2013 bylo z akreditovaných laboratoří hlášeno do registru více než 11 mil. vyšetření a zachyceno více než 15 000 závažných lézí hrdla děložního. Analýzou dat registru je monitorována kvalita jednotlivých laboratoří i efektivita programu jako celku. Závěr: Slibný start programu je zásadním argumentem pro jeho další pokračování. Má potenciál snížit incidenci zhoubných nádorů hrdla děložního v ČR na hodnoty srovnatelné se zeměmi s vyspělými zdravotnickými systémy.
Introduction: The nationwide Cervical Cancer Screening Programme in the Czech Republic was introduced in 2009. The aim of this article is to describe the results of this programme in the first few years after its transformation into a fully-fledged, organised programme. Material and Methods: During the first few years, a network of 37 accredited laboratories was stabilised, ensuring that examinations would be readily available across the Czech Republic. Although all women aged between 25 and 70 years fall within the target group of the current personalised invitation programme, women not in this age group are reimbursed for preventive screening examinations as well. The programme is equipped with an information support provided by the Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses of the Masaryk University, which runs the Cervical Cancer Screening Registry. Results: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the Czech Republic have seen a significant decrease over the last decade. By the end of 2013, more than 11 million examinations were reported to the registry by the accredited laboratories, and more than 15,000 serious cervical lesions were detected. Analysis of the data from the registry makes it possible to monitor the quality of individual laboratories and the effectiveness of the entire programme. Conclusion: The promising start of the programme provides a strong argument for its continuation. The programme has the potential to decrease cervical cancer incidence rates in the Czech Republic to values comparable with those reported by countries with advanced health care systems. Key words: cervical cancer – population‑based screening – cytology – health care quality indicators This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of methodology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the programme of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 25. 9. 2014 Accepted: 21. 10. 2014
- Klíčová slova
- Národní onkologický registr,
- MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- cytodiagnostika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- laboratoře normy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * diagnóza epidemiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Papanicolaouův test * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- plošný screening * metody organizace a řízení statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- řízení kvality MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ukazatele kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- vládní programy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Úvod: Screening karcinomu prsu prostřednictvím mamografie je fungující nástroj ke snižování úmrtnosti na toto onemocnění. V ČR probíhá od roku 2002 organizovaný Národní program screeningu karcinomu prsu. Materiál a metody: Monitoring programu je založen na datech Národního onkologického registru ČR, Registru Národního programu screeningu karcinomu prsu a na datech Národního referenčního centra (NRC). Uvedené datové zdroje umožňují hodnocení časných indikátorů kvality dle mezinárodních standardů, stejně jako monitoring zátěže populace zhoubnými nádory. Data NRC umožňují doložit vysokou validitu dostupných dat a mapování neorganizované mamografie (tzv. šedého screeningu). Výsledky: Do poloviny 90. let 20. století docházelo k setrvalému mírnému nárůstu incidence i mortality zhoubných nádorů prsu, v posledních 15 letech incidence roste výrazněji. Mortalita naopak v tomto období přestala růst a v novém tisíciletí pozvolna klesá. Ve srovnání s první polovinou 90. let 20. století, kdy podíl nádorů diagnostikovaných v I. stadiu dosahoval necelých 20 %, došlo k výraznému nárůstu časné diagnostiky, když v roce 2011 bylo v I. stadiu diagnostikováno více než 40 % nádorů prsu. Pokrytí mamografickým screeningem aktuálně dosahuje hodnoty 50 %, tato hodnota se ustálila v letech 2007–2008 a dále bohužel výrazněji neroste. Závěr: V průběhu posledních dekád se v ČR podařilo zásadně snížit zátěž populace karcinomem prsu – přes nárůst incidence dochází k poklesu úmrtnosti, na čemž má významnou zásluhu časnější záchyt prostřednictvím screeningového programu. Další zvýšení účinnosti programu je podmíněno navýšením pokrytí populace screeningem, k čemuž by mělo přispět adresné zvaní žen k vyšetření, které bylo zahájeno začátkem roku 2014.
Introduction: Breast cancer screening based on mammography is an effective tool for lowering mortality rates from this disease. The organised and nationwide Breast Cancer Screening Programme has been underway in the Czech Republic since 2002. Material and Methods: Monitoring of the programme is based on data from the Czech National Cancer Registry (CNCR), Breast Cancer Screening Registry, and the Czech National Reference Centre (CNRC). These data sources make it possible to evaluate early performance indicators according to international standards, and to monitor the cancer burden in the Czech population. The CNRC data allow us to document the high validity of the available data as well as to map non-organised mammography examinations (so-called opportunistic screening). Results: Until the mid-1990s, breast cancer incidence and mortality rates saw a slight but continuous increase. In the last 15 years, however, incidence rates have grown more substantially; by contrast, mortality rates have stalled and even started to decline since the 2000s. In the mid-1990s, the proportion of cancers diagnosed at stage I was below 20%; this situation has dramatically improved since then, as more than 40% cases of breast cancer were diagnosed at stage I in 2011. Breast cancer screening coverage currently amounts to 50%; this value reached a plateau in the period 2007–2008, and unfortunately has not shown any further significant increase. Conclusion: Over the last few decades, the breast cancer burden among the Czech population has been significantly reduced – despite the growing incidence rates, mortality rates have decreased, which can be largely attributed to earlier detection of breast cancer based on the screening programme. Further improvements in the programme’s effectiveness can only be achieved if the population coverage becomes higher; the programme of personalised invitations to mammography examinations, which was introduced in early 2014, should contribute to the accomplishment of this goal. Key words: breast neoplasms – mass screening – mammography – health care quality indicators This study was supported by the project 36/14//NAP “Development and implementation of methodology for the evaluation of effectiveness of personalised invitations of citizens to cancer screening programmes” as part of the programme of the Czech Ministry of Health “National action plans and conceptions”. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers. Submitted: 12. 9. 2014 Accepted: 27. 10. 2014
- Klíčová slova
- Národní onkologický registr, Národní program screeningu karcinomu prsu,
- MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mamografie * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- nádory prsu * diagnóza epidemiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- plošný screening * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- primární prevence metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- ukazatele kvality zdravotní péče MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- vládní programy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
INTRODUCTION: The exposures to hazardous antineoplastic drugs (AD) represent serious risks for health care personnel but the exposure limits are not commonly established because of the no-threshold effects (genotoxic action, carcinogenicity) of many ADs. In this study, we discussed and derived practically applicable technical guidance values (TGV) suitable for management of AD risks. METHODS: The long-term monitoring of surface contamination by eight ADs was performed in pharmacies and hospitals in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic in 2008-2021; in total 2,223 unique samples were collected repeatedly in 48 facilities. AD contamination was studied by LC-MS/MS for cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, irinotecan, paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine and by ICP-MS for total Pt as a marker of platinum-based ADs. RESULTS: The study highlighted importance of exposure biomarkers like 5-fluorouracil and especially carcinogenic and persistent cyclophosphamide, which should be by default included in monitoring along with other ADs. Highly contaminated spots like interiors of laminar biological safety cabinets represent a specific issue, where monitoring of contamination does not bring much added value, and prevention of staff and separated cleaning procedures should be priority. Rooms and surfaces in health care facilities that should be virtually free of ADs (e.g., offices, kitchenettes, daily rooms) were contaminated with lower frequency and concentrations but any contamination in these areas should be carefully examined. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: For all other working places, i.e., majority of areas in pharmacies and hospitals, where ADs are being prepared, packaged, stored, transported, or administered to patients, the study proposes a generic TGV of 100 pg/cm2. The analysis of long-term monitoring data of multiple ADs showed that the exceedance of one TGV can serve as an indicator and trigger for improvement of working practices contributing thus to minimizing of unintended exposures and creating a safe work environment.
- MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- cyklofosfamid analýza MeSH
- fluoruracil analýza MeSH
- lékárny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- pracovní expozice * analýza MeSH
- protinádorové látky * MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: During and after exercise, dynamic 31 P MR parameters are typically measured using an MR-compatible ergometer. Self-built equipment for local condition can be constructed where possible. PURPOSE: To develop a pedal resistance ergometer with rocker arm based on a system that combines electric weight displacement, visual self-monitoring, and exercise triggering. The repeatability and reproducibility were tested. METHODS: The hardware and software for the ergometer were constructed from commercial components in a home laboratory. Twelve volunteers participated in the testing of the ergometer. RESULTS: A fully automated ergometer system was developed, allowing the pedal resistance to be adjusted during the examination. The system includes a self-monitoring and triggering mechanism that enables both the operator and subject to monitor pedal frequency and force. The operator can modify the pedal resistance as desired during the exercise. This self-monitoring solution is simple and cost-effective, requiring only a commercial potentiometer, an Arduino converter, and a conventional video projector with a personal computer (PC). Additionally, all system components are located outside the magnetic resonance (MR) room, avoiding interference with the MR system. Results of several test of the reproducibility/repeatability of power at three pedal resistance values (15%, 24%, 25% maximal voluntary force) were expressed both as a coefficient of variation ranging from 6% to 3.1% and as an intraclass correlation of coefficient ranging from 0.96 to 0.99. Similar values were also found for other dynamic parameters of 31 P MR spectroscopy. These findings are similar to published data obtained on different types of ergometers. CONCLUSIONS: Based on more than 1 year of usage, the ergometer proved successful in handling stationary and variable loads, and can be easily operated by a single user.
Aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion plays an important role in reduction of organic waste by transforming the waste into humus, which is an excellent soil conditioner. However, applications of chemical-contaminated composts on soils may have unwanted consequences such as accumulation of persistent compounds and their transfer into food chains. The present study investigated burden of composts and digestates collected in 16 European countries (88 samples) by the compounds causing dioxin-like effects as determined by use of an in vitro transactivation assay to quantify total concentrations of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-(AhR) mediated potency. Measured concentrations of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibeno-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) equivalents (TEQbio) were compared to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected chlorinated compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), indicator PCB congeners and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Median concentrations of TEQbio (dioxin-like compounds) determined by the in vitro assay in crude extracts of various types of composts ranged from 0.05 to 1.2 with a maximum 8.22μg (TEQbio)kg(-1) dry mass. Potencies were mostly associated with less persistent compounds such as PAHs because treatment with sulfuric acid removed bioactivity from most samples. The pan-European investigation of contamination by organic contaminants showed generally good quality of the composts, the majority of which were in compliance with conservative limits applied in some countries. Results demonstrate performance and added value of rapid, inexpensive, effect-based monitoring, and points out the need to derive corresponding effect-based trigger values for the risk assessment of complex contaminated matrices such as composts.
- MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza farmakologie MeSH
- dioxiny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza farmakologie MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza farmakologie MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Caspase-9 is the major apical caspase responsible for triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Our previous study indicated that specific inhibition of caspase-9 caused microscopically evident alterations in appearance of the primary chondrogenic cultures which cannot be explained by decrease in apoptosis. To describe a complex molecular background of this effect, proteomics analysis of control and caspase-9 inhibitor-treated chondrogenic cultures were performed. Proteins were extracted, identified and quantified using LC-MS in both data dependent and data independent acquisition (DIA) mode. While directDIA analysis of diaPASEF data obtained using timsTOF Pro LC-MS system revealed 7849 protein groups (Q-value <0.01), a parallel analysis of iTRAQ-2DLC-MS3 and conventional DIA-MS data identified only 5146 and 4098 protein groups, respectively, showing diaPASEF a superior method for the study. The detailed analysis of diaPASEF data disclosed 236/551 significantly down-/up-regulated protein groups after caspase-9 inhibition, respectively (|log2FC|>0.58, Q value <0.05). Classification of downregulated proteins revealed changes in extracellular matrix organization, collagen metabolism, and muscle system processes. Moreover, deregulations suggest a switch from glycolytic to lipid based metabolism in the inhibited cells. No essential changes were found in the proteins involved in apoptosis. The data indicate new non-apoptotic participation of caspases in chondrocyte homeostasis with potential applications in cartilage pathophysiology.