Pathogen
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54 nečíslovaných stran : barevné ilustrace ; 22 cm
- MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
- kongresy MeSH
- programy MeSH
- sborníky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- infekční lékařství
Classical virulence analysis is based on discovering virulence phenotypes of isolates with regard to a composition of resistance genes in a differential set of host genotypes. With such a vision, virulence phenotypes are usually treated in a genetic manner as one of two possible alleles, either virulence or avirulence in a binary locus. Therefore, population genetics metrics and methods have become prevailing tools for analyzing virulence data at multiple loci. However, a basis for resolving binary virulence phenotypes is infection type (IT) data of host-pathogen interaction that express functional traits of each specific isolate in a given situation (particular host, environmental conditions, cultivation practice, and so on). IT is determined by symptoms and signs observed (e.g., lesion type, lesion size, coverage of leaf or leaf segments by mycelium, spore production and so on), and assessed by IT scores at a generally accepted scale for each plant-pathogen system. Thus, multiple IT profiles of isolates are obtained and can be subjected to analysis of functional variation within and among operational units of a pathogen. Such an approach may allow better utilization of the information available in the raw data, and reveal a functional (e.g., environmental) component of pathogen variation in addition to the genetic one. New methods for measuring functional variation of plant-pathogen interaction with IT data were developed. The methods need an appropriate assessment scale and expert estimations of dissimilarity between IT scores for each plant-pathogen system (an example is presented). Analyses of a few data sets at different hierarchical levels demonstrated discrepancies in results obtained with IT phenotypes versus binary virulence phenotypes. The ability to measure functional IT-based variation offers promise as an effective tool in the study of epidemics caused by plant pathogens.
Ticks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. Vector competence is a component of vectorial capacity and depends on genetic determinants affecting the ability of a vector to transmit a pathogen. These determinants affect traits such as tick-host-pathogen and susceptibility to pathogen infection. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions that affect vector competence is essential for the identification of molecular drivers for tick-borne diseases. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of tick-pathogen molecular interactions for bacteria, viruses, and protozoa affecting human and animal health. Additionally, the impact of tick microbiome on these interactions was considered. Results show that different pathogens evolved similar strategies such as manipulation of the immune response to infect vectors and facilitate multiplication and transmission. Furthermore, some of these strategies may be used by pathogens to infect both tick and mammalian hosts. Identification of interactions that promote tick survival, spread, and pathogen transmission provides the opportunity to disrupt these interactions and lead to a reduction in tick burden and the prevalence of tick-borne diseases. Targeting some of the similar mechanisms used by the pathogens for infection and transmission by ticks may assist in development of preventative strategies against multiple tick-borne diseases.
- MeSH
- arachnida jako vektory mikrobiologie parazitologie virologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie parazitologie fyziologie virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty epidemiologie MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Ramularia collo-cygni is the biotic factor responsible for the disease Ramularia leaf spot (RLS) of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Despite having been described over 100 years ago and being considered a minor disease in some countries, the fungus is attracting interest in the scientific community as a result of the increasing number of recorded economically damaging disease epidemics. New reports of disease spread and fungal identification using molecular diagnostics have helped redefine RLS as a global disease. This review describes recent developments in our understanding of the biology and epidemiology of the fungus, outlines advances made in the field of the genetics of both the fungus and host, and summarizes the control strategies currently available.
Nově se objevující, ale i stávající a známé infekční hrozby představují stálou výzvu v oblasti zajištění bezpečnosti krve a krevní transfuze. Kromě bezpříspěvkového dárcovství a pečlivého výběru dárců krve a jejích složek, robustních postupů laboratorního screeningu představuje významnou doplňující alternativu ve zvýšení bezpečnosti transfuzních přípravků tzv. patogen redukce. Tento stručný přehledový článek shrnuje informace o principu a použití patogen redukčních technologií v transfuzním lékařství a také nejnovější výzkumy týkající se jejich možného budoucího použití.
Emerging, as well as existing and known infectious threats represent a constant challenge in ensuring blood safety and blood transfusions. In addition to non-contributory donations and careful selection of blood donors and its components, robust laboratory screening procedures represent a significant complementary alternative in increasing the safety of transfusion products, the so-called pathogen reduction. This brief review article summarizes information on the principle and application of pathogen reduction technologies in transfusion medicine, as well as the latest research on their possible future application.
V referáte sú zhrnuté novšie poznatky o Aeromonas species z hľadiska ich taxonómie, ekológie, epidemiológie, klinického významu a potenciálnych faktorov virulencie.
The authors summarized the newer data on Aeromonas species from the point of view of the taxonomy, ecology, epidemiology, clinical significance as well as of potential factors of virulence.
Cytokinins are adenine and non-adenine derived heterogeneous class of regulatory molecules that participate in almost every aspect of plant biology. They also affect plant defense responses as well as help microbial pathogens to establish pathogenesis. The functional approaches that ensure desired and subtle modulations in the levels of plant cytokinins are highly instrumental in assessing their functions in plant immunity. Here, we describe a detailed working protocol regarding the enhanced production of cytokinins from plants that harbor isopentenyltransferase (IPT) enzyme gene under the control of 4xJERE (jasmonic acid and elicitor-responsive element) pathogen-inducible promoter. Our devised expression system is a context-dependent solution when it comes to investigating host-pathogen interactions under the modulated conditions of plant cytokinins.
- MeSH
- cytokininy metabolismus MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- imunita rostlin MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * imunologie MeSH
- nemoci rostlin genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- transformace genetická MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Mycoses, ISSN 0943-7312 vol. 42, suppl. 1, 1999
79 s. : il., tab. ; 32 cm
- MeSH
- Candida patogenita MeSH
- mykózy prevence a kontrola diagnóza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- dermatovenerologie
Anaplasma phagocytophilum transmembrane and surface proteins play a role during infection and multiplication in host neutrophils and tick vector cells. Recently,A. phagocytophilumMajor surface protein 4 (MSP4) and Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were shown to be localized on the bacterial membrane, with a possible role during pathogen infection in ticks. In this study, we hypothesized thatA. phagocytophilumMSP4 and HSP70 have similar functions in tick-pathogen and host-pathogen interactions. To address this hypothesis, herein we characterized the role of these bacterial proteins in interaction and infection of vertebrate host cells. The results showed thatA. phagocytophilumMSP4 and HSP70 are involved in host-pathogen interactions, with a role for HSP70 during pathogen infection. The analysis of the potential protective capacity of MSP4 and MSP4-HSP70 antigens in immunized sheep showed that MSP4-HSP70 was only partially protective against pathogen infection. This limited protection may be associated with several factors, including the recognition of non-protective epitopes by IgG in immunized lambs. Nevertheless, these antigens may be combined with other candidate protective antigens for the development of vaccines for the control of human and animal granulocytic anaplasmosis. Focusing on the characterization of host protective immune mechanisms and protein-protein interactions at the host-pathogen interface may lead to the discovery and design of new effective protective antigens.
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- ehrlichióza mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- membránové proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci ovcí mikrobiologie MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum MeSH
- biologická adaptace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- ekologie * MeSH
- genetická transkripce genetika MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie MeSH
- klíště mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- regulace genové exprese genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
