- MeSH
- Hypertension MeSH
- Blood Pressure MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Pentobarbital MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- MeSH
- Behavior drug effects MeSH
- Plasma drug effects MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Brain drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
Hľadanie vhodných motivačných prostriedkov v boji proti drogovej závislosti u detí mladšieho školského veku má popredné miesto v primárnej prevencii. V telovýchovnom procese na školách sú to vhodné pohybové aktivity, ktoré sú jednou zo základných zložiek rozvoja morálno-vôľových vlastností. Zaraďovanie nových foriem do vyučovacieho procesu tomuto procesu napomáha, žiaci ich vnímajú pozitívne, vo väčšine prípadov sú ekonomicky nenáročné, ale hlavne sú motivujúce. V našom pedagogickom experimente sme sa zamerali na pohybovú aktivitu bedminton a jeho vplyvu na zmeny telesného rozvoja v sledovanom súbore, pričom sme súčastne zisťovali obľúbenosť ďalších vybratých pohybových aktivít.
Searching for appropriate motivation in the struggle with drug dependency of younger school-age children plays an important role in primary prevention. In the process of school physical-education there are appropriate motional activities that are one of the main components of development of willpower and moral properties of pupils. New educational forms are very positively perceived by pupils, in the majority of cases they do not require high financial costs and what is the most important they are motivating. In our pedagogical experiment we aimed at a motional activity – badminton – and its influence upon the changes of physical development in the testing group of elementary school pupils. Simultaneously, the popularity of other chosen motional activities was observed.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motivation MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders prevention & control MeSH
- Sports trends MeSH
- Body Weight physiology MeSH
- Physical Education and Training methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Physical Fitness physiology MeSH
- Body Height physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
The most common ureagenesis defect is X-linked ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency which is a main target for novel therapeutic interventions. The spf ash mouse model carries a variant (c.386G>A, p.Arg129His) that is also found in patients. Male spf ash mice have a mild biochemical phenotype with low OTC activity (5%-10% of wild-type), resulting in elevated urinary orotic acid but no hyperammonemia. We recently established a dried blood spot method for in vivo quantification of ureagenesis by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using stable isotopes. Here, we applied this assay to wild-type and spf ash mice to assess ureagenesis at different ages. Unexpectedly, we found an age-dependency with a higher capacity for ammonia detoxification in young mice after weaning. A parallel pattern was observed for carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 and OTC enzyme expression and activities, which may act as pacemaker of this ammonia detoxification pathway. Moreover, high ureagenesis in younger mice was accompanied by elevated periportal expression of hepatic glutamine synthetase, another main enzyme required for ammonia detoxification. These observations led us to perform a more extensive analysis of the spf ash mouse in comparison to the wild-type, including characterization of the corresponding metabolites, enzyme activities in the liver and plasma and the gut microbiota. In conclusion, the comprehensive enzymatic and metabolic analysis of ureagenesis performed in the presented depth was only possible in animals. Our findings suggest such analyses being essential when using the mouse as a model and revealed age-dependent activity of ammonia detoxification.
- MeSH
- Ammonia metabolism MeSH
- Hyperammonemia genetics metabolism pathology MeSH
- Liver metabolism pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Urea metabolism MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice, Transgenic MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease genetics metabolism pathology MeSH
- Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase genetics MeSH
- Aging physiology MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
BACKGROUND: In today's digital age, demanding to interpret vast quantities of visual information with speed and accuracy, nonverbal Intelligence has become increasingly crucial for children, as it plays a key role in cognitive development and learning. While motor proficiency has been positively linked to various cognitive functions in children, its relationship with nonverbal Intelligence remains an open question. This study, therefore, explored the structural associations between motor proficiency and nonverbal Intelligence in school-aged children (6 to 11 years), focusing on potential age and sex-specific patterns. METHODS: Data were obtained from 396 children aged 6 to 11 (214 boys, 182 girls; mean age 8.9 years ±1.3) divided into younger children 6-8 years and older Children 9-11 years. Motor proficiency was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2), and non-verbal Intelligence was evaluated with the Raven Progressive Matrices (RPM). We conducted multigroup structural modelling with non-verbal Intelligence as a dependent latent variable. RESULTS: The BOT-2 and RPM models demonstrated an acceptable fit in Czech children. Strength-agility and Fine motor control emerged as the strongest predictors of nonverbal intelligence level assessed by five sets of RPM. Age-specific analyses revealed that the Strength-agility construct was consistently a significant predictor of nonverbal intelligence level in both age categories. However, in older children, also Fine motor control was significantly linked to nonverbal intelligence level. Sex-specific differences were also observed in the structural modelling results, indicating significant predictor non-invariance based on participants' sex. In girls, both Fine motor control and the Strength-agility constructs were significant predictors of nonverbal Intelligence level, showing stronger associations with nonverbal Intelligence than boys. For boys, only the Strength-agility construct was a significant predictor of RPM performance. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a nuanced age- and sex-specific relationship between children's motor proficiency and nonverbal Intelligence. The findings underscore the need for targeted physical interventions, particularly those emphasising fine motor and strength-agility exercises, to ensure equitable opportunities for motor skill development. Such interventions may enhance physical abilities and support cognitive development in an increasingly digital world.
- MeSH
- Latent Class Analysis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Intelligence * physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Motor Skills * physiology MeSH
- Sex Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Child Development physiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is primary hypogammaglobulinaemia with an unknown aetiopathogenesis. Although various abnormalities of T and B cells have been described, their pathogenetic roles are unclear. We determined T and B lymphocyte subsets known to be abnormal in CVID in order to disclose possible relations between numerical abnormalities in those cells. Markers associated with B cell development (CD21, CD27, IgM, IgD) were determined on B lymphocytes (CD19+); T lymphocyte development (CD45RA, CD45RO, CD62L) and activation markers (CD25, CD27, CD28, CD29, CD38, CD57, HLA-DR) were determined on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in 42 CVID patients and in 33 healthy controls. Abnormalities in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation markers (increase in CD29, HLA-DR, CD45RO, decrease in CD27, CD62L, CD45RA) were observed particularly in patients with a decreased number of memory (CD27+) and mature (CD21+) B cells (group Ia according to the Freiburg group's classification), while abnormalities observed in CD8+ cells (increase in CD27 and CD28 and decrease in HLA-DR, CD57 and CD38) did not depend upon grouping patients together according to B lymphocyte developmental subpopulations. We observed correlations between immature B cells (IgM+ CD21-) and expression of CD27, CD62L, CD45RA, CD45RO and HLA-DR on CD4+ T cells in CVID patients but not in the control group. The expression of CD27 and CD45RA on CD4+ T lymphocytes, such as the percentage of IgD+ CD27- and IgD+ CD27+ cells in B lymphocytes, showed age dependency to be more significant than in the control group. Our study demonstrates that T and B lymphocyte abnormalities in CVID are partially related to each other. Some of those abnormalities are not definite, but may evolve with age of the patient.
- MeSH
- Lymphocyte Activation drug effects MeSH
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte immunology MeSH
- B-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency immunology classification MeSH
- Biomarkers analysis MeSH
- Antigens, CD immunology MeSH
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte immunology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Immunoglobulin D immunology MeSH
- Immunoglobulin M immunology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets immunology MeSH
- Flow Cytometry methods MeSH
- Aging immunology MeSH
- T-Lymphocytes immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
Background and aims The present study explores the relationship between social motivations and addiction to online gaming and if that possible connection can be explained by the personality traits responsible for social functioning. Methods We employ Bernstein's concept of interpersonal dependency to distinguish healthy dependency, dysfunctional detachment, and destructive overdependence, and Charlton and Danforth's conceptualisation of online gaming addiction and high engagement. An online questionnaire was administered to a self-nominated sample of 4,074 online gamers. Two regression models were constructed to separately explain gaming addiction and high engagement using social motivations to play, while controlling for age, gender, and time spent online. Results High scores on subscales measuring dysfunctional detachment and destructive overdependence were positively associated with online gaming addiction, while healthy dependency was negatively correlated with addiction scores. In contrast, the overall role of social motivation was negligible. Discussion People with healthy relationship profiles are less likely to develop problematic patterns of online gaming. High in-game engagement, although sharing some factors with addiction, was only poorly explained by the study variables, suggesting the mutual exclusiveness of addiction and engagement.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Internet * MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Motivation MeSH
- Behavior, Addictive psychology MeSH
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Video Games psychology MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic epidemiology MeSH
- Slovakia epidemiology MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Musculoskeletal Diseases * etiology classification pathology MeSH
- Old Age Assistance MeSH
- Patient Acuity * MeSH
- Persons with Disabilities classification MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Preventive Health Services methods MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Addiction Medicine * manpower MeSH
- Alcoholism * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hospitalization MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * therapy MeSH
- Tobacco Use Disorder * therapy MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
