Several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on employee well-being, mental health, and resilience. The objective of this observational study was to explore the mutual relationships among the dimensions of self-compassion and particular characteristics of work-related well-being: work engagement, workaholism (excessive and compulsive work), and job boredom in a population of early career workers. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, 286 master's students with proper working experience were examined; results from 244 respondents were suitable for further data analysis. The Self-compassion Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, Dutch Work Addiction Scale, and Dutch Boredom Scale were administered. Spearman's rank correlation analysis found a positive relationship between work engagement and excessive work and a negative relationship between work engagement and job boredom. Furthermore, a positive correlation was identified between compulsive work and negative subscales of the Self-compassion Scale. Structural equation modeling indicated that workaholism was a mediator between the negative scales of self-compassion and work engagement with job boredom. In conclusion, the negative aspects of self-compassion (isolation, self-judgment, and over-identification) are related to the symptoms of workaholism in young workers. Self-compassion-based interventions could help prevent the negative effects of compulsive and excessive work. Possible age-related explanations for the positive relationship between work engagement and workaholism (i.e., excessive work) are discussed. Future longitudinal research could identify the dynamics of the connection between self-compassion and work-related well-being from a long-term perspective.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Advances in paediatric type 1 diabetes management and increased use of diabetes technology have led to improvements in glycaemia, reduced risk of severe hypoglycaemia, and improved quality of life. Since 1993, progressively lower HbA1c targets have been set. The aim of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of HbA1c, treatment regimens, and acute complications between 2013 and 2022 using data from eight national and one international paediatric diabetes registries. METHODS: In this longitudinal analysis, we obtained data from the Australasian Diabetes Data Network, Czech National Childhood Diabetes Register, Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes, Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry, Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry, England and Wales' National Paediatric Diabetes Audit, Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry, T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative, and the SWEET initiative. All children (aged ≤18 years) with type 1 diabetes with a duration of longer than 3 months were included. Investigators compared data from 2013 to 2022; analyses performed on data were pre-defined and conducted separately by each respective registry. Data on demographics, HbA1c, treatment regimen, and event rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia were collected. ANOVA was performed to compare means between registries and years. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to study significant breakpoints in temporal trends. FINDINGS: In 2022, data were available for 109 494 children from the national registries and 35 590 from SWEET. Between 2013 and 2022, the aggregated mean HbA1c decreased from 8·2% (95% CI 8·1-8·3%; 66·5 mmol/mol [65·2-67·7]) to 7·6% (7·5-7·7; 59·4mmol/mol [58·2-60·5]), and the proportion of participants who had achieved HbA1c targets of less than 7% (<53 mmol/mol) increased from 19·0% to 38·8% (p<0·0001). In 2013, the aggregate event rate of severe hypoglycaemia rate was 3·0 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·9) compared with 1·7 events per 100 person-years (1·0-2·7) in 2022. In 2013, the aggregate event rate of diabetic ketoacidosis was 3·1 events per 100 person-years (95% CI 2·0-4·8) compared with 2·2 events per 100 person-years (1·4-3·4) in 2022. The proportion of participants with insulin pump use increased from 42·9% (95% CI 40·4-45·5) in 2013 to 60·2% (95% CI 57·9-62·6) in 2022 (mean difference 17·3% [13·8-20·7]; p<0·0001), and the proportion of participants using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) increased from 18·7% (95% CI 9·5-28·0) in 2016 to 81·7% (73·0-90·4) in 2022 (mean difference 63·0% [50·3-75·7]; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION: Between 2013 and 2022, glycaemic outcomes have improved, parallel to increased use of diabetes technology. Many children had HbA1c higher than the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) 2022 target. Reassuringly, despite targeting lower HbA1c, severe hypoglycaemia event rates are decreasing. Even for children with type 1 diabetes who have access to specialised diabetes care and diabetes technology, further advances in diabetes management are required to assist with achieving ISPAD glycaemic targets. FUNDING: None. TRANSLATIONS: For the Norwegian, German, Czech, Danish and Swedish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * epidemiology   blood   drug therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Glycated Hemoglobin * analysis   MeSH
• Hypoglycemia epidemiology   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Blood Glucose * analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Registries * statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Glycemic Control statistics & numerical data   methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes in the uterine Doppler velocimetry and the maternal profile of angiogenic factors in the third trimester and to assess their ability to predict term preeclampsia (PE). METHODS: A cohort of low-risk pregnant women was scheduled for a uterine Doppler evaluation and measurement of the circulating levels of angiogenic factors at ∼30 and ∼36 weeks. The performance of both parameters and their change over time in predicting term PE was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 1,191 women were analyzed, of which 28 (2.4%) women developed term PE. At ∼30 weeks, a model including the sFlt-1/PlGF (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor) ratio and the uterine Doppler explained 16.2% of the uncertainty of developing term PE, while at ∼36 weeks, the same variables explained 25.2% [p < 0.001]. The longitudinal changes of both predictors had an R2 of 26.8%, which was not different from that of the ∼36 weeks evaluation [p = 0.45]. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ∼36 weeks ratio was significantly higher than at ∼30 weeks (0.86 [0.77-0.94] vs. 0.81 [0.73-0.9]; p = 0.043). The AUC of the longitudinal change of the ratio (0.85 [0.77-0.94]) did not differ from that of at ∼36 weeks (p = 0.82). At ∼36 weeks, for a 10% of false positives, the ratio had a detection rate of 71.4%. CONCLUSION: A cross-sectional measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio outperforms uterine Doppler in predicting term PE. The combination of both markers does not improve such prediction, nor the evaluation of the longitudinal changes between weeks.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Placental Circulation physiology   MeSH
• Placenta Growth Factor * blood   MeSH
• Area Under Curve MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Pre-Eclampsia * blood   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 * blood   MeSH
• Rheology * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Blood Flow Velocity physiology   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Pregnancy Trimester, Third * blood   physiology   MeSH
• Ultrasonography, Doppler methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Ultrasonography, Prenatal * methods   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Homozygous Pi∗Z mutation in alpha-1 antitrypsin (Pi∗ZZ genotype) predisposes to pulmonary loss-of-function and hepatic gain-of-function injury. To facilitate selection into clinical trials typically targeting only 1 organ, we systematically evaluated an international, multicenter, longitudinal, Pi∗ZZ cohort to uncover natural disease course and surrogates for future liver- and lung-related endpoints. METHODS: Cohort 1 recruited 737 Pi∗ZZ individuals from 25 different centers without known liver comorbidities who received a baseline clinical and laboratory assessment as well as liver stiffness measurement (LSM). A follow-up interview was performed after at least 6 months. Cohort 2 consisted of 135 Pi∗ZZ subjects without significant liver fibrosis, who received a standardized baseline and follow-up examination at least 2 years later, both including LSM. RESULTS: During 2634 patient-years of follow-up, 39 individuals died, with liver and lung being responsible for 46% and 36% of deaths, respectively. Forty-one Pi∗ZZ subjects who developed a hepatic endpoint presented with significantly higher baseline liver fibrosis surrogates, that is, LSM (24 vs 5 kPa, P < .001) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (1.1 vs 0.3 units, P < .001). Liver-related endpoints within 5 years were most accurately predicted by LSM (area under the curve 0.95) followed by aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (0.92). Baseline lung parameters displayed only a moderate predictive utility for lung-related endpoints within 5 years (forced expiratory volume in the first second area under the curve 0.76). Fibrosis progression in those with no/mild fibrosis at baseline was rare and primarily seen in those with preexisting risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive liver fibrosis surrogates accurately stratify liver-related risks in Pi∗ZZ individuals. Our findings have direct implications for routine care and future clinical trials of Pi∗ZZ patients.

• MeSH
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin * genetics   blood   MeSH
• Biomarkers blood   MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency * genetics   diagnosis   complications   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Elasticity Imaging Techniques MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Homozygote MeSH
• Liver Cirrhosis * genetics   diagnosis   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Lung physiopathology   pathology   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Lung Diseases genetics   etiology   diagnosis   MeSH
• Disease Progression * MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Neurodegenerative disorders affecting the brain and spinal cord are caused by a large number of factors. More recently, imbalances in gut microbiota are found to be one factor linked directly to neurological dysfunction. Probiotics prevent cognitive decline. For the first time, the effect of probiotics was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of the neurodegeneration biomarker neurofilament light chains (NfL) in a well-defined group of community-dwelling individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether administration of our new probiotics could reduce NfL concentrations. METHODS: The serum NfL concentrations were measured in total of 190 serum samples of 85 older community-dwelling individuals. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the PROPLA group and the PLAPRO group. Individuals in the PROPLA group started with a three-month use of probiotics and continued with a three-month use of placebo while the order was reversed in the PLAPRO group. The participants underwent detailed examinations at three time points: at baseline, in three and six months. The serum NfL concentrations were determined using ultrasensitive single-molecule array (SIMOA) assay. RESULTS: Longitudinal comparisons of NfL concentrations between samplings at different time points in the PROPLA and PLAPRO groups showed no statistically significant differences. Baseline NfL concentrations at the beginning of the study and in the succeeding samplings were not significantly different for the two groups in cross-sectional comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Serum NfL concentrations were not influenced by the three-month use of probiotics.

• MeSH
• Biomarkers blood   MeSH
• Double-Blind Method MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurofilament Proteins * blood   MeSH
• Probiotics * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

BACKGROUND: Early life socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse experiences may lead to overeating, which is in turn associated with increased body mass index (BMI). However, recent evidence indicated that the association between childhood BMI and overeating might be bidirectional. This bidirectionality prompts the need for further investigation of early life predictors of BMI in childhood. OBJECTIVES: To longitudinally assess the directionality of the association between childhood BMI and perceived overeating and to investigate their antecedent early life predictors. METHODS: The sample included data from 5151 children from the ELSPAC study, collected between 18 months and 11 years of child age. The outcomes were child BMI and mother-reported overeating, assessed at the age of 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. Predictors included maternal BMI, maternal education, single parenthood, financial difficulties and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by parents and paediatricians. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model was applied. RESULTS: The mean child's BMI at age 3 was 15.59 kg/m2 and increased to 17.86 kg/m2 at age 11. The percentage of parent-reported overeating increased in the following period, from about 12% at age 3 to 17% at age 11. The results showed temporal stability in perceived overeating and BMI, with a bidirectional relationship strengthening over time. The child's BMI was associated with maternal BMI. Maternal BMI was positively associated with child-perceived overeating, but a stronger effect was found for ACEs. ACEs mediated the impact of maternal education, financial difficulties and single parenthood on overeating. CONCLUSIONS: We observed stable bidirectional associations between BMI and perceived overeating. The results indicated two main pathways: one linked to maternal BMI and early childhood BMI increase followed by perceived overeating and the second associated with ACEs mediating the effect of early childhood social factors on perceived overeating, leading to gradual BMI gain.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Hyperphagia * psychology   epidemiology   MeSH
• Body Mass Index * MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Mothers psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Adverse Childhood Experiences * statistics & numerical data   psychology   MeSH
• Pediatric Obesity * epidemiology   psychology   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This article examines the potential of virtual reality (VR) as an educational tool for enhancing social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By synthesizing findings from a comprehensive review of recent studies, it highlights the effectiveness of immersive VR environments in reducing anxiety, improving communication, and fostering meaningful social interactions. The analysis includes a comparison of various approaches, such as the use of collaborative virtual environments, social stories, and avatar-based simulations, to identify best practices in leveraging VR for social skills development. Despite its promising benefits, the article addresses key limitations, including the need for repeated training, high implementation costs, and the lack of longitudinal studies. Recommendations are provided for future research and practical applications, emphasizing the role of VR as a bridge between theoretical insights and real-world practice in supporting individuals with ASD.

OBJECTIVES: Dignity of patients with early-stage dementia (PwESD) is a core value of person-centered care. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention programs targeted at this population, a reliable tool that would measure dignity in PwESD is needed. Based on a qualitative analysis of how PwESD perceive and experience dignity, this study aims to determine the adequacy of the Czech version of the Patient Dignity Inventory (PDI-CZ) for this patient population. METHOD: The sample from two outpatient clinics in Czechia included home-dwelling individuals aged 60 years or older with mild dementia. In the first interview (T1), there were 21 respondents; 10 of whom participated in the second interview (T2) that was conducted after 12 months. The qualitative material was analyzed using a deductive approach based on the PDI-CZ domains. RESULTS: Thematic analysis shows that the PwESD thematized all domains of the PDI-CZ in their interviews and their views of dignity were stable over time. Some experiences were not considered in the PDI-CZ (such as lowered support of the society, lowered ability to advocate for oneself, or feeling of not suitable living conditions). CONCLUSION: When developing a revised version of the tool, items that reflect missing views of dignity should be included.

• MeSH
• Dementia * psychology   MeSH
• Personhood * MeSH
• Qualitative Research MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Independent Living * MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Respect * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

ALDH7A1 deficiency is an epileptic encephalopathy whose seizures respond to treatment with supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine. It arises as a result of damaging variants in ALDH7A1, a gene in the lysine catabolism pathway. α-Aminoadipic semialdehyde (α-AASA) and Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C), which accumulate because of the block in the lysine pathway, are diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Recently, it has been reported that 6-oxo-pipecolic acid (6-oxo-PIP) also accumulates in the urine, CSF and plasma of ALDH7A1-deficient individuals and that, given its improved stability, it may be a more suitable biomarker for this disorder. This study measured 6-oxo-PIP in urine from a cohort of 30 patients where α-AASA was elevated and showed that it was above the normal range in all those above 6 months of age. However, 6-oxo-PIP levels were within the normal range in 33% of the patients below 6 months of age. Levels increased with age and correlated with a decrease in α-AASA levels. Longitudinal analysis of urine samples from ALDH7A1-deficient patients who were on a lysine restricted diet whilst receiving supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine showed that levels of 6-oxo-PIP remained elevated whilst α-AASA decreased. Similar to α-AASA, we found that elevated urinary excretion of 6-oxo-PIP can also occur in individuals with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. This study demonstrates that urinary 6-oxo-PIP may not be a suitable biomarker for ALDH7A1 deficiency in neonates. However, further studies are needed to understand the biochemistry leading to its accumulation and its potential long-term side effects.

• MeSH
• Aldehyde Dehydrogenase deficiency   genetics   MeSH
• Biomarkers * urine   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Epilepsy urine   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• 2-Aminoadipic Acid urine   analogs & derivatives   MeSH
• Pipecolic Acids * urine   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lysine deficiency   urine   MeSH
• Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial deficiency   genetics   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Pyridoxine deficiency   urine   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adolescents' movement behaviours (MB) vary between schooldays and weekends, potentially impacting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study aimed to identify transitions between 24-h MB profiles on schooldays and weekends and examine their associations with HRQoL and well-being. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 1070 Czech adolescents (average age: 13.8 years and standard deviation: 2.2 years; 56% girls). Participants wore accelerometers for 7 consecutive days to assess physical activity (PA) of different intensities, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep. A subsample of 451 participants provided data on HRQoL, which was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and 484 provided valid well-being data measured with the 5-item World Health Organisation Well-Being Index. Latent transition analysis was used on the MB variables to identify transitions across MB profiles, and linear regression was used to examine associations between transitions and HRQoL or well-being. RESULTS: Four MB profiles were identified: Excellent (high PA, low SB and high sleep duration), Good (average MB values), Fair (below-average PA and sleep, above-average SB) and Poor (low PA and sleep, high SB). Most adolescents transitioned to less favourable profiles on weekends. Those remaining in the Excellent profile had higher HRQoL than those transitioning to less favourable profiles. Transitions to the Poor profile were associated with the lowest HRQoL and well-being scores. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the dynamic nature of adolescents' MB and the importance of consistent, healthy routines. Interventions optimizing 24-h MB throughout the week and especially on weekends may enhance adolescent HRQoL and well-being, but further evidence from longitudinal and intervention studies is needed. SUMMARY: We observed a contrast in 24-h MB between schooldays and weekends: 29.7% of adolescents were in the Excellent on schooldays, but only 5.8% did so on weekends, while the prevalence of the Poor profile rose from 1.6% on schooldays to 27.7% on weekends. Adolescents who maintained the Excellent profile across the whole week recorded the highest scores for HRQoL and well-being. Moving into the Poor profile on weekend was associated with about 9 points poorer HRQoL and 14 points lower well-being, compared with peers who remained in the Excellent profile. Behaviour change strategies should target the entire week to preserve PA, reduce SB and protect sleep.

• MeSH
• Accelerometry MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Adolescent Behavior * psychology   physiology   MeSH
• Exercise * psychology   physiology   MeSH
• Quality of Life * psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Sedentary Behavior MeSH
• Sleep physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH