Prognostic significance of the timing in the cardiac cycle of the first (TP1) and second (TP2) systolic peak of the central aortic pulse wave is ill-defined. Incidence rates and standardized multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of adverse health outcomes associated with TP1 and TP2, estimated by the SphygmoCor software, were assessed in the International Database of Central Arterial Properties for Risk Stratification (IDCARS) (n = 5529). Model refinement was assessed by the integrated discrimination (ID) and net reclassification (NR) improvement. Over 4.1 years (median), 201 participants died and 248 and 159 patients experienced cardiovascular or cardiac endpoints. Mean TP1 and TP2, standardized for cohort, sex, age, and heart rate, were 103 and 228 ms. Shorter TP1 and TP2 were associated with higher mortality and shorter TP1 with a higher risk of cardiovascular and cardiac endpoints (trend p ≤ 0.004). The HRs relating total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints to TP2 were 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.94) and 0.87 (0.77-0.98), respectively. The HR relating cardiac endpoints to TP1 was 0.81 (0.68-0.97). For total mortality and cardiovascular endpoints in relation to TP2, NRI was significant (p ≤ 0.010), but not for cardiac endpoints in relation to TP1. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) was not significant for any endpoint. The HRs relating total mortality to TP2 were smaller (p ≤ 0.026) in women than men (0.67 vs. 0.95) and in older (≥ 60 years) versus younger (< 60 years) participants (0.80 vs. 0.88). Our study adds to the evidence supporting risk stratification based on aortic pulse analysis by showing that TP2 and TP1 carry prognostic information.
- MeSH
- analýza pulzové vlny * metody MeSH
- aorta patofyziologie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hypertenze epidemiologie mortalita patofyziologie MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční frekvence fyziologie MeSH
- systola fyziologie MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background and Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a frequent valvular disease characterized by the obstruction of left ventricular outflow. The resulting hemodynamic and structural changes create an arrhythmogenic substrate, with sudden cardiac death (SCD) often caused by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) being a feared complication. This review examines the relationship between severe AS and VA, detailing the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and management approaches prior to aortic valve replacement (AVR). Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of the historical and contemporary literature investigating ventricular arrhythmias in severe aortic stenosis. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases using keywords, including "aortic stenosis", "ventricular arrhythmia", "sudden cardiac death", and "aortic valve replacement". Both landmark historical studies and modern investigations utilizing advanced monitoring techniques were included to provide a complete evolution of the understanding. Results: The prevalence of ventricular ectopy and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia increases with AS severity and symptom onset. Left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, altered electrophysiological properties, and ischemia create the arrhythmogenic substrate. Risk factors include the male sex, concomitant aortic regurgitation, elevated filling pressures, and syncope. Diagnostic approaches range from standard electrocardiography to continuous monitoring and advanced imaging. Management centers on timely valve intervention, with medical therapy serving primarily as a bridge to AVR. Conclusions: Ventricular arrhythmias represent a consequence of valvular pathology in severe AS rather than an independent entity. Their presence signals advanced disease and a heightened risk for adverse outcomes. Multidisciplinary management with vigilant monitoring and prompt surgical referral is essential. Understanding this relationship enables clinicians to better identify high-risk patients requiring urgent intervention before life-threatening arrhythmic events occur.
- MeSH
- aortální stenóza * komplikace chirurgie patofyziologie MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně * metody MeSH
- komorová tachykardie etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- náhlá srdeční smrt etiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- srdeční arytmie * etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Chronické onemocnění ledvin (chronic kidney disesase, CKD) je spojeno se zvýšenou morbiditou a mortalitou, zejména z kardiovaskulárních (KV) příčin, a to zejména u osob s diabetes mellitus (DM). Již přítomnost DM zvyšuje KV riziko a potencuje riziko CKD. Proto má vedle kontroly glykemie klinický význam i prevence a léčba CKD, která má zpomalit její progresi. Významný nefroprotektivní účinek nových antidiabetik, konkrétně inhibitorů sodíko-glukózového kotransportéru 2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, SGLT2) a agonistů receptoru pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, GLP-1 RA), byl prokázán vedle jejich účinku na snížení koncentrace glukózy ve velkých KV studiích. Léčba inhibitory SGLT2 podobně jako GLP-1 RA je spojena s nižším rizikem poklesu glomerulární filtrace (glomerular filtration rate, GFR) v průběhu času jak u diabetické, tak nediabetické populace. Podle současných doporučení se inhibitory SGLT2 a/nebo GLP-1 RA doporučují osobám s DM, které mají chronické onemocnění ledvin a/nebo zvýšené KV riziko. Nefroprotektivní vlastnosti však nabízejí i další antidiabetika, o nichž bude v tomto přehledu rovněž pojednáno.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially from cardiovascular (CV) causes, and especially in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Already presence of DM increases CV risk and potentiates the risk of CKD. Therefore, besides glycemic control, prevention and treatment of CKD to slow its progression are of clinical importance. A significant nephroprotective effect of novel antidiabetic drugs, namely sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), has been shown on top of their glucose-lowering effects and was confirmed in cardiovascular outcome trials. Inhibitors SGLT2 treatment, like GLP-1 RA, is associated with a lower risk of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline over time in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations. According to current guidelines, inhibitors SGLT2 and/or GLP-1 RA are recommended for people with DM who have CKD and/or increased CV risk. However, other antidiabetic drugs offer nephroprotective properties, which will also be discussed in this review.
- MeSH
- agonisté receptoru pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * diagnóza mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- diabetes mellitus diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- glifloziny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypoglykemika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- komplikace diabetu farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ledviny účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- sulfonylmočovinové sloučeniny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Stanovení koncentrace natriuretických peptidů patří k hlavním pomocným laboratorním metodám diagnostiky srdečního selhání. V současné době se doporučuje stanovení koncentrace N-terminálního fragmentu prohormonu natriuretického peptidu typu B (NT-proBNP) v krvi. Vyšetření NT-proBNP slouží k diagnostice a prognostické stratifikaci pacientů s akutním a chronickým srdečním selháním a v diferenciální diagnostice akutní dušnosti na pohotovosti. Patří mezi významné metody hodnocení rizika u pacientů s akutním infarktem myokardu (IM) a u plicní embolie. V poslední době se objevují důkazy pro to, že stanovení NT-proBNP může vést k předpovědi srdečního selhání u osob s vysokým rizikem kardiovaskulárních onemocnění.
Examination of natriuretic peptides concentration belongs to the main auxiliary methods of the heart failure diagnosis. I tis currently recommend the determination of the N-terminal fragment of the B-type natriuretic peptide in the blood. The determination of NT-proBNP is used for diagnosis and prognostic stratification of the patients with acute and chronic heart failure and in the differential diagnosis in acute dyspnea at an emergency department. It belongs to important methods of risk assessment in patients with acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary emboly. Recently there is emerging evidence that the determination of NT-proBNP may predict heart failure in patients at high cardiovascular risk.
- Klíčová slova
- NT-proBNP,
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dyspnoe diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- natriuretické peptidy * analýza fyziologie krev MeSH
- natriuretický peptid typu B analýza krev MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
- srdeční selhání * diagnóza krev prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Článek se zabývá farmakoterapií arteriální hypertenze. Zdůrazňuje důležitost odhadu a snížení celkového kardiovaskulárního rizika ve snaze o ovlivnění dlouhodobé prognózy. Kromě platné definice hypertenze zmiňuje také novou kategorii elevovaného krevního tlaku, která je vymezena současnými doporučenými postupy European Society of Cardiology z roku 2024. Správně zvolená farmakologická léčba, zvláště kombinační, je zásadní nejen pro okamžitou účinnou kontrolu krevního tlaku, ale také pro prevenci komplikací, na prvním místě cévní mozkové příhody (CMP). Zmíněny jsou přínosy fixních kombinací s důrazem na adherenci a perzistenci pacientů i terapeutickou inercii. Kazuistika pětačtyřicetileté pacientky ilustruje širší využitelnost fixních kombinací při iniciální terapii mírné hypertenze.
The pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension is discussed in the article. The importance of estimating and reducing overall cardiovascular risk is emphasized in an effort to influence long-term prognosis. In addition to the valid definition of hypertension, a new category of elevated blood pressure is mentioned, which is defined by 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Appropriately chosen pharmacological treatment, especially combination treatment, is considered crucial not only for the immediate effective control of blood pressure but also for the prevention of complications, primarily stroke. The benefits of fixed-dose single-pill combination treatment are highlighted, with an emphasis on patient adherence and persistence, as well as therapeutic inertia. A case study of a 45-year-oid female patient is presented to illustrate the broader applicability of single pill combinations in the initial treatment of mild hypertension.
- Klíčová slova
- telmisartan,
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- hypertenze * diagnóza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- indapamid farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Secondary progressive MS is associated with a worse prognosis, warranting the need for early predictive tools. The DAAE score estimates the five-year risk of transition to clinical diagnosis of SPMS, showing a 38 % risk in high-risk patients in Amsterdam and Buffalo data. The DAAE score remains to be validated against objective disease progression criteria. METHODS: External validation using data from the Prague MS cohort and MSBase-Lorscheider criteria. RESULTS: Among 2022 patients from the Prague MS database, 14.3 % clinically progressed according to MSbase-Lorscheider criteria over five years. Risk increased with higher DAAE scores comparable to the Amsterdam and Buffalo data; secondary validation showed an AUROC of 0.742 with faster progression for higher risk groups (p < 0.05), therapy-adjusted. CONCLUSION: The DAAE score performs similarly between centers and using objective criteria. These validation steps support its use in personalized MS management and treatment.
- MeSH
- chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- progrese nemoci * MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteoporóza * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- vápník MeSH
- vitamin D MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Current therapy for in-stent restenosis (ISR) is based on drug-eluting stents (DES) or drug-eluting balloon catheters. This prospective randomized study compared the efficacy of a novel sirolimus-eluting balloon (SEB) catheter to that of a paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PEB) catheter for the treatment of bare-metal stent (BMS-ISR) or DES-ISR. METHODS: A total of 145 patients with 158 BMS or DES-ISR lesions were randomly assigned to the treatment with either SEB or PEB. The in-segment late lumen loss at 12 months, the 12-month incidence of binary ISR, and major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization) were compared between groups. RESULTS: The noninferiority of SEB compared with PEB in the treatment of BMS/DES-ISR with respect to late lumen loss was not demonstrated (Δlate lumen loss, -0.024 mm [95% CI, -0.277 to 0.229]; for a noninferiority margin of 0.20 mm), except in the post hoc subanalysis for the BMS-ISR group (-0.203 mm [95% CI, -0.584 to 0.178]). No significant differences in the incidence of repeated binary ISR (31.6% versus 30.4%, P=0.906) or 12-month major adverse cardiac events (31% for both; P>0.999) between the SEB and PEB groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The noninferiority of SEB relative to PEB in the treatment of BMS/DES-ISR with respect to late lumen loss was not confirmed. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03667313.
- MeSH
- balónková koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- biokompatibilní potahované materiály * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kardiovaskulární látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- koronární angioplastika * škodlivé účinky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- koronární restenóza * diagnostické zobrazování terapie mortalita etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen * diagnostické zobrazování terapie mortalita MeSH
- paclitaxel * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protézy - design MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sirolimus * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- srdeční katétry MeSH
- stenty uvolňující léky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- stenty škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnocení ekvivalence MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with a higher incidence of various non-infectious diseases. However, not only air pollution, but also other risk factors, such as lifestyle, can play a role in the occurrence of these diseases or premature deaths from them. The study aimed to compare the lifestyle of residents of two differently air polluted regions and to determine how lifestyle is affected by socioeconomic variables. METHODS: In the framework of the project Healthy Aging in Industrial Environments, two cohorts of persons from an industrial area and a control area were established. The cohorts consisted of individuals aged 35 to 65 years. Lifestyle factors included diet, BMI, alcohol and cigarette consumption, duration of sleep, physical activity, and time spent doing hobbies. Influencing factors included region, sex, age, education, family status, and economic situation. Fully adjusted binary and ordinal logistic regression models were used for evaluation, and the output was the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The effect of more air polluted industrial region was related to higher BMI (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.4) and physical activity (OR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.13-1.51) and surprisingly to lower smoking level (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99). CONCLUSION: The results of our study are useful in targeting public health strategies and intervention programs to specific populations, and the results will be share with public awareness groups that focus on prevention and the physiological aspects of physical activity.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průmysl * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * škodlivé účinky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
IMPORTANCE: Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) could contribute to developing gene-targeted therapies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between demographic data and age at first keratoplasty in a genetically refined FECD cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study recruited 894 individuals with FECD at Moorfields Eye Hospital (London) and General University Hospital (Prague) from September 2009 to July 2023. Ancestry was inferred from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism array data. CTG18.1 status was determined by short tandem repeat and/or triplet-primed polymerase chain reaction. One or more expanded alleles (≥50 repeats) were classified as expansion-positive (Exp+). Expansion-negative (Exp-) cases were exome sequenced. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Association between variants in FECD-associated genes, demographic data, and age at first keratoplasty. RESULTS: Within the total cohort (n = 894), 77.3% of patients were Exp+. Most European (668 of 829 [80.6%]) and South Asian (14 of 22 [63.6%]) patients were Exp+. The percentage of female patients was higher (151 [74.4%]) in the Exp- cohort compared to the Exp+ cohort (395 [57.2%]; difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 10.1%-24.3%; P < .001). The median (IQR) age at first keratoplasty of the Exp + patients (68.2 years [63.2-73.6]) was older than the Exp- patients (61.3 years [52.6-70.4]; difference, 6.5 years; 95% CI, 3.4-9.7; P < .001). The CTG18.1 repeat length of the largest expanded allele within the Exp+ group was inversely correlated with the age at first keratoplasty (β, -0.087; 95% CI, -0.162 to -0.012; P = .02). The ratio of biallelic to monoallelic expanded alleles was higher in the FECD cohort (1:14) compared to an unaffected control group (1:94; P < .001), indicating that 2 Exp+ alleles were associated with increased disease penetrance compared with 1 expansion. Potentially pathogenic variants (minor allele frequency, <0.01; combined annotation dependent depletion, >15) were only identified in FECD-associated genes in 13 Exp- individuals (10.1%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this multicenter cohort study among individuals with FECD, CTG18.1 expansions were present in most European and South Asian patients, while CTG18.1 repeat length and zygosity status were associated with modifications in disease severity and penetrance. Known disease-associated genes accounted for only a minority of Exp- cases, with unknown risk factors associated with disease in the rest of this subgroup. These data may have implications for future FECD gene-targeted therapy development.
- MeSH
- celogenomová asociační studie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Fuchsova endoteliální dystrofie * genetika chirurgie epidemiologie diagnóza MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH